SlideShare a Scribd company logo
TESTOSTERONE
(SEX HORMONE)
Presented By
Dr. R. N. CHAVHAN
Assistant Professor in Zoology,
Mahatma Gandhi Arts, science and
Late N. P
. Commerce College Armori, District Gadchiroli
Testosterone
AGENDA
1. WHAT IS HORMONE ?
2. WHAT IS SEX HORMONE ?
3. WHAT IS TESTOSTERONE ?
4. TESTOSTERONE STRUCTURE
5. TESTOSTERONE BIOSYNTHESIS
6. NORMAL LEVEL OF TESTOSTERONE
7. FUNCTIONS OF TESTOSTERONE
8. METABOLIC EFFECTS.
9. THERAPETIC USES OF TESTOSTERONE
10. CONTROL OF TESTOSTERONE
11. ABNORMALITIES (LOW/HIGH)
12. DOSE
13. THERAPY
14. ADVERSE EFFECTS
15. BEST SUPPLEMENTS TO BOOST
16. REGULAR YOGA
17. AVOIDS THE FOODS
18. WHO NEEDS DOSES
TESTOSTERONE (SEX HORMONE)
Testosterone
WHAT IS SEX HORMONE ?
Generally, HORMONES are substances that are secreted by the ductless
glands, and only minute amounts are necessary to produce the various
physiological reaction in the body.
Hormones are chemical messengers that trigger necessary changes in the body.
WHAT IS HORMONE ?
Sex-hormones belong to the steroid class of compounds and
are produced in the glands, i.e., testes in the male and ovaries in
the female. In fact, their activity seems to be controlled and
monitored by the hormones that are produced in the anterior
lobe of the pituitary glands. Perhaps because of this inherent
characteristics the sex hormones are invariably termed as the
secondary sex hormones and the hormones of the anterior lobe
of the pituitary are called the primary sex-hormones.
Testosterone
WHAT IS TESTOSTERONE ?
Testosterone is a Principle Male Sex Hormone and an anabolic steroid.
Testosterone is a STEROID HORMONE from the androgen group.
It is found in MAMMALS, REPTILES, BIRDS and other vertebrates.
In mammals, testosterone is primarily secreted in the TESTICLES of
males and the OVARIES of females although small amounts are also
secreted by the ADRENAL GLANDS.
TESTOSTERONE STRUCTURE
It is a type of androgen produced primarily by the testicles in cells called the Leydig cells.
Testosterone
TESTOSTERONE BIOSYNTHESIS
The largest amounts of testosterone (> 95 %) are produced by the testes in
men, from the interstitial cells of LEYDIG between seminiferous tubules
“ about 20 % of testicular mass”.
The male generative glands also contain SERTOLI cells which require
testosterone for spermatogenesis.
It is also synthesized in far smaller quantities in women by the THECAL
CELLS of the ovaries, and by the placenta.
On an average, in adult males, levels of testosterone
are about 7-8 times as great as in adult females.
But as the metabolic consumption of testosterone in
males is greater, the daily production is about 20
times greater in men.
Females are also more sensitive to the hormone.
97 % bound to protein in Plasma
03 % free
Testosterone
 The amount of testosterone produced by existing leydig cells is under the
control of LH which regulates the expression of 17-β hydroxysteroid
dehydrogenase (HSD).
REGULATION OF TESTOSTERONE BIOSYNTHESIS
 When testosterone levels are low, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
is released by the hypothalamus which in turn stimulates the pituitary gland
to release FSH and LH. These later two hormones stimulate the testis to
synthesis testosterone.
Hypothalamus
ANT.PITUITARY
TESTIS
TESTOSTERON
E
 Testosterone is primarily synthesized in LEYDIG CELLS.
 The number of leydig cells in turn is regulated by (LH)
luteinizing hormone and (FSH) follicle stimulating hormone.
 Finally increasing levels of testosterone through a negative feedback
loop act on the hypothalamus and pituitary to inhibit the release of
GnRH and FSH/LH respectively.
Testosterone
Age Male (in ng/dl) Female (in ng/dl)
17 to 18 years 300-1,200 20-75
19 years and older 240-950 8-60
NORMAL LEVEL OF TESTOSTERONE
According to recent guidelines from the
American Urological Association (AUA),
a testosterone level of at least 300 (ng/dL)
nanograms per deciliter is normal for a man.
A man with a
testosterone level below 300 ng/dL
should be diagnosed with Low testosterone.
Typical testosterone levels
Testosterone
FUNCTIONS OF TESTOSTERONE
A) SEXUAL FUNCTION
 During intrauterine life: testosterone secreted from genital ridge.
 Help in formation of male sex characters as: Formation of PENIS, scrotum, seminal vesicles,
prostrate glands, male genital ducts.
 Influence the descent of testes into scrotum since Second month of pregnancy.
EARLY INFANCY: least understood, increases in first weeks the fats again helps in brain
development.
BEFORE AND AT PUBERTY: Appearance of male secondary sex characters:- Growth of
hair over pubis, Extension towards umbilicus, on face and chest, axillary, leg hair.
GROWTH OF SEX ORGANS: Testes, Scrotum, Testes, Penis, prostate.
Deepeness of voice due to hypertrophy of larynx.
MALE BODY TYPE: Narrow pelvis and wide shoulders.
 Males sexual behaviour associated with adulthood like
desire to apposite sex.
 Increase muscle strength.
 Appearance of Adam’s apple.
 Growth of jaw, braw, chin.
Testosterone
FUNCTIONS OF TESTOSTERONE
 SEX DRIVE (Libido & regulates Fertility)
 MALE SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION.
 Maintains male secondary sexual characteristics.
 Normal male sexual function and behaviour.
 GROWTH OF PENIS.
In men, testosterone is thought to regulate a sperm production (Spermatogenesis).
IN ADULTS: Spermatogenesis
BALDNESS: Decrease hair growth at top of the head, provided genetic background.
The brain and pituitary gland control testosterone levels. Once
produced, the hormone moves through the blood to carry out its
various important functions.
Testosterone
FUNCTIONS OF TESTOSTERONE
OVERALL HEALTH EFFECTS:
 In general, androgens promote protein synthesis and growth of those
tissues with androgen receptors.
 Testosterone effects can be classified as anabolic and virilising.
 Anabolic effects include growth of muscle mass and strength.
 Increased bone density and strength, and
 Stimulation of linear growth and bone maturation.
Androgenic effects include:
Maturation of the sex organs, particularly the penis and the
formation of the Scrotum in the foetus, and after birth (usually at
puberty) a deepening of the Voice, growth of the beard and axillary
hair. Many of these fall into the category of male secondary sex
characteristics.
 BONE MASS
 FAT DISTRIBUTION
 MUSCLE SIZE AND STRENGTH (muscle mass)
 RED BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION
Testosterone
Metabolic effects:
Increase metabolic rate.
Anabolic to Protein: Increases muscle bulk and strength.
On CHO: Increases Glycogenesis and Increase Glucose
uptake by cells.
Reduction of CO2 and PO4
Union of epiphysis
Stimulate erythropoiesis
Degraded by conjugation in liver to excrete in urine or
in bile salts.
FUNCTIONS OF TESTOSTERONE
ANDROSTENEDIONE: Hormone that serves as a precursor to
testosterone and estrogens.
INHIBIN: Hormone that inhibits the release of FSH and is thought to be
involved in sperm cell development and regulation.
Testosterone
EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE  Converted to DHT in tissues (more active).
Testosterone is also converted to oestradiol in adipose tissue by aromatase enzyme.
Testosterone
GnRH:
LH secretion is stimulated by “GnRH” from hypothalamus to
the anterior Pituitary.
CONTROL
Other factors affects secretion:
Weight loss,
Zinc deficiency,
Aging dominance challenge,
Sleep, Training, Licorice, Antiandrogens.
LH- Luteinizing hormone:
The hormone secretion is stimulated by LH.
Negative feedback mechanism:
Mainly by the testosterone on the hypothalamus and
weaker effect on the anterior Pituitary gland.
Testosterone
Chronic, or ongoing, low
testosterone may lead to
Osteoporosis,
Mood swings,
Reduced energy, and
Testicular shrinkage.
Testosterone
Testosterone
Testosterone
ABNORMALITIES (LOW/HIGH) TESTOSTERONE IMBALANCE
LOW TESTOSTERONE: When a man has LOW testosterone, or hypogonadism, he may experience:
 REDUCED SEX DRIVE
 ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION (ED)
 LOW SPERM COUNT
 Enlarged or swollen breast tissue
Abnormalities: HYPOGONADISM in Male
During foetal life: When the testes are of
functioning, none of male characteristics appear,
instead female organs are formed.
 If boy loses his testes before puberty.
A state of eunichism: infantile sex organs and sex
characters.
 Slightly tall because of slower union of epiphysis
 If a man is castrated after puberty:
1) Secondary sexual characters aren’t affected.
2) Decreased sexual desire and sterility.
3) Accessory sexual organs are gradually dysfunctioned.
4) FSH & LH are increased due to –ve feedback
mechanism.
Testosterone
B-adiposogenital syndrome, Frolich’s syndrome, hypothalamic eunuchism
Hypogonadism due to genetic inability of hypothalamus to secrete
normal amount of GnRH & abnormality of feeding of centre of
hypothalamus leads to obesity with eunuchism
The following are symptoms of late-onset hypogonadism:
 Diminished erectile quality, particularly at night
 Decreased libido
 Mood changes
 Reduced cognitive function
 Fatigue, depression, and anger
 A decrease in muscle mass and strength
 Decreased body hair
 Skin changes
 Decreased bone mass and bone mineral density
 Increase in abdominal fat mass
Testosterone
As well as sexual dysfunction, late-onset hypogonadism has also been associated with
metabolic disease and cardiovascular disease.
The degree to which testosterone levels decline varies between men, but a growing number
of men experience the effects of reduced testosterone levels. Life expectancy has increased,
and many men now live beyond the age of 60 years.
As a result, a higher number of men see the effects of age-related testosterone depletion.
Treatment: Administering treatment for hypogonadism as the result of a disease differs from treating
late-onset hypogonadism in older men.
Testosterone
Testosterone levels and aging: - Testosterone levels naturally decrease as a
man ages. The effects of gradually lowering testosterone levels as men age
have received increasing attention in recent years. It is known as late-onset
hypogonadism.
After the age of 40, the concentration of circulating testosterone falls by
about 1.6 percent every year for most men. By the age of 60, the low levels of
testosterone would lead to a diagnosis of hypogonadism in younger men.
About 4 in 10 men have hypogonadism by the time they reach 45 years old. The number of cases in which
older men have been diagnosed as having low testosterone increased 170 percent since 2012.
Low testosterone has been associated with
increased mortality in male veterans.
Late-onset hypogonadism has become a
recognized medical condition, although
many of the symptoms are associated with
normal aging.
Testosterone
TESTOSTERONE IMBALANCE : High or low levels of testosterone can lead to dysfunction in the parts of the body
normally regulated by the hormone.
 LOSS OF BODY HAIR
 LOSS OF MUSCLE BULK
 LOSS OF STRENGTH
 INCREASED BODY FAT
Testosterone OVER time, these symptoms may develop in the following ways:
Testosterone
 GROWTH AND SWELLING OF THE CLITORIS
 CHANGES IN BODY SHAPE
 REDUCTION IN BREAST SIZE
 OILY SKIN
 ACNE
 FACIAL HAIR GROWTH AROUND THE BODY, LIPS, AND CHIN
Too much testosterone, on the other hand, can lead to the triggering of puberty before the age of 9 years. this
condition would mainly affect younger men and is much rarer.
IN WOMEN, HOWEVER, HIGH TESTOSTERONE LEVELS CAN LEAD TO MALE PATTERN
BALDNESS, A DEEP VOICE, AND MENSTRUAL IRREGULARITIES, AS WELLAS:
Testosterone imbalances can be detected with a blood test and treated accordingly.
Recent studies have also linked high testosterone
levels in women to the risk of uterine fibroids.
Sex verification in sports (also known as gender verification, or loosely as gender determination or a sex test)
Caster Semenya
In August 2009, South African athlete Caster Semenya was subjected to mandatory
sex verification testing at the request of the IAAF.
•On 6 July 2010, the IAAF confirmed that Semenya was cleared to continue competing as a woman.
•The results of the gender testing were never officially released for privacy reasons.
•In 2018, the IAAF announced new rules that once again prevented Semenya from running, rules that are thought to
have been designed specifically to target Semenya.
•South African middle-distance runner Caster Semenya won
the 800 meters at the 2009 World Championships in
Athletics in Berlin.
•After her victory at the 2009 World Championships, it was
announced that she had been subjected to gender testing.
•The IAAF confirmed that Semenya had agreed to a sex-testing
process that began in South Africa and would continue
in Germany.
Dutee Chand was born a woman, raised as a
woman and identifies as a woman. But winning a
gold medal led to a legal challenge over whether
she could compete as a woman – and humiliating
"gender verification" tests.
 Testicular injury, such as castration
 Infection of the testicles
 Medications, such as opiate analgesics
 Chronic diseases, including:- type 2 diabetes, kidney and liver disease, obesity, and HIV/AIDS.
CAUSES CAN INCLUDE:
GENETIC DISEASES, SUCH AS :-
 KLINEFELTER SYNDROME,
 PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME,
 HEMOCHROMATOSIS,
 KALLMAN SYNDROME, AND
 MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY
 Disorders that affect the hormones, such as pituitary tumors or high prolactin levels
Testosterone
Testosterone
 SKIN GELS AND PATCHES
 INJECTIONS
 TABLETS THAT ARE ABSORBED THROUGH THE GUMS
 INCREASED RED BLOOD CELL COUNT
 PROSTATE AND BREAST ENLARGEMENT
 ACNE
 IN RARE CASES,
 BREATHING DIFFICULTIES DURING SLEEP
 INCREASED RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE,
ALTHOUGH THIS IS SUBJECT TO DEBATE
The treatment can be administered by:
These can, however, trigger side effects, including:
Testosterone Testosterone replacement therapy is used to help treat people with abnormally
low levels of testosterone. These abnormally low levels usually affect normal
body functions, which can contribute to decreased muscle mass and a lower
sex drive, among other effects. For this treatment, testosterone medication is
prescribed.
1. Exercise and Lift Weights.
2. Eat Protein, Fat and Carbs
3. Minimize Stress and Cortisol Levels.
4. Get Some Sun or Take a Vitamin D Supplement.
5. Take Vitamin and Mineral Supplements.
6. Get Plenty of Restful, High-Quality Sleep.
What is the best treatment for low testosterone?
Here are 8 evidence-based ways to increase testosterone levels
naturally.
Testosterone
The Endocrine Society recommends offering testosterone therapy to people with
symptoms of testosterone deficiency. In men over 65, treatment should only be
initiated on an individual basis and after consultation with the person regarding risks
and benefits.
People worried about their testosterone levels might choose to avoid the following foods.
 Soy products. Soy foods, such as tofu, edamame, and soy protein isolates, contain
phytoestrogens.
 Dairy products.
 Alcohol.
 Mint.
 Bread, pastries, and desserts.
 Licorice root.
 Certain fats.
Who needs testosterone?
Testosterone
Testosterone
Best Supplements to Boost Testosterone Levels:
1. D-Aspartic Acid.
2. Vitamin D.
3. Tribulus Terrestris.
4. Fenugreek.
5. Ginger.
6. DHEA.
7. Zinc.
8. Ashwagandha
Fast facts on testosterone
 Testosterone regulates a number of processes in the male body.
 Levels of testosterone tend to drop as men age.
 Prohormone supplements do not have any effect on testosterone
levels.
 Testosterone supplements are prescribed only for
specified conditions, and not to counteract the
natural, age-related drop in testosterone levels.
 Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is also
available. However, this can carry side effects and
risks.
Testosterone
THANK YOU FOR WATCHING
LIKE, SHARE, COMMENTS & SUBSCRIBE

More Related Content

What's hot

Progesterone hormone.
Progesterone hormone.Progesterone hormone.
Progesterone hormone.
omar aljabri
 
Estrogen
EstrogenEstrogen
Estrogen
samudragupta123
 
Source, synthesis and metabolism of androgens
Source, synthesis and metabolism of androgensSource, synthesis and metabolism of androgens
Source, synthesis and metabolism of androgens
THILAKAR MANI
 
Sex hormones
Sex hormonesSex hormones
Sex hormones
Faraz Ali
 
Hormones of Anterior Pituitary
Hormones of Anterior PituitaryHormones of Anterior Pituitary
Hormones of Anterior Pituitary
Dr Abdul Majid Siddiqui
 
Gonadal hormone
 Gonadal hormone Gonadal hormone
Gonadal hormone
binaya tamang
 
Progesterone functions and applications
Progesterone functions and applicationsProgesterone functions and applications
Progesterone functions and applications
Fatima Gul
 
Gonadal hormone
Gonadal hormoneGonadal hormone
Gonadal hormone
Atai Rabby
 
Ovarian hormones-Estrogen & Progesterone
Ovarian hormones-Estrogen & ProgesteroneOvarian hormones-Estrogen & Progesterone
Ovarian hormones-Estrogen & Progesterone
Surya Adhikari
 
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (THS).ppt
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (THS).pptThyroid Stimulating Hormone (THS).ppt
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (THS).ppt
Medical Knowledge
 
Thyroid hormone by Dr. Anurag Yadav
Thyroid hormone by Dr. Anurag YadavThyroid hormone by Dr. Anurag Yadav
Thyroid hormone by Dr. Anurag Yadav
Dr Anurag Yadav
 
Pituitary hormones
Pituitary hormones Pituitary hormones
Pituitary hormones
Muhammadasif909
 
Female sex hormones
Female sex hormonesFemale sex hormones
Female sex hormones
Mesfin Mulugeta
 
Androgens
AndrogensAndrogens
Spermatogenesis
SpermatogenesisSpermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis
opkholwad
 
Androgen - Male sex hormone
Androgen - Male sex hormoneAndrogen - Male sex hormone
Androgen - Male sex hormone
Kameshwaran Sugavanam
 
Steroid Hormones
Steroid HormonesSteroid Hormones
Steroid Hormones
Mr.S.SEETARAM SWAMY
 
Hormones
HormonesHormones
Sex hormone
Sex hormoneSex hormone
Sex hormone
Abbas AL-joboory
 

What's hot (20)

Progesterone hormone.
Progesterone hormone.Progesterone hormone.
Progesterone hormone.
 
Estrogen
EstrogenEstrogen
Estrogen
 
Source, synthesis and metabolism of androgens
Source, synthesis and metabolism of androgensSource, synthesis and metabolism of androgens
Source, synthesis and metabolism of androgens
 
Sex hormones
Sex hormonesSex hormones
Sex hormones
 
Hormones of Anterior Pituitary
Hormones of Anterior PituitaryHormones of Anterior Pituitary
Hormones of Anterior Pituitary
 
Gonadal hormone
 Gonadal hormone Gonadal hormone
Gonadal hormone
 
Progesterone functions and applications
Progesterone functions and applicationsProgesterone functions and applications
Progesterone functions and applications
 
Gonadal hormone
Gonadal hormoneGonadal hormone
Gonadal hormone
 
Ovarian hormones-Estrogen & Progesterone
Ovarian hormones-Estrogen & ProgesteroneOvarian hormones-Estrogen & Progesterone
Ovarian hormones-Estrogen & Progesterone
 
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (THS).ppt
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (THS).pptThyroid Stimulating Hormone (THS).ppt
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (THS).ppt
 
Prolactin hormone
Prolactin hormoneProlactin hormone
Prolactin hormone
 
Thyroid hormone by Dr. Anurag Yadav
Thyroid hormone by Dr. Anurag YadavThyroid hormone by Dr. Anurag Yadav
Thyroid hormone by Dr. Anurag Yadav
 
Pituitary hormones
Pituitary hormones Pituitary hormones
Pituitary hormones
 
Female sex hormones
Female sex hormonesFemale sex hormones
Female sex hormones
 
Androgens
AndrogensAndrogens
Androgens
 
Spermatogenesis
SpermatogenesisSpermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis
 
Androgen - Male sex hormone
Androgen - Male sex hormoneAndrogen - Male sex hormone
Androgen - Male sex hormone
 
Steroid Hormones
Steroid HormonesSteroid Hormones
Steroid Hormones
 
Hormones
HormonesHormones
Hormones
 
Sex hormone
Sex hormoneSex hormone
Sex hormone
 

Similar to Testosterone Hormone

Sex hormones
Sex hormonesSex hormones
Sex hormones
Rajesh Yadav
 
androgens.pptx
androgens.pptxandrogens.pptx
androgens.pptx
DrSeemaBansal
 
Endocrine functions of the testes
Endocrine functions of the testes Endocrine functions of the testes
Endocrine functions of the testes
Dr Shamshad Begum loni
 
Reproductive hormones
Reproductive hormonesReproductive hormones
Reproductive hormones
Abhishek Dahal
 
Hormones & sex
Hormones & sexHormones & sex
Hormones & sex
Binibining Kalawakan
 
SECRETION,TRANSPORT_AND_METABOLISM_OF_TESTIS_HORMONE RAKESH(1).pptx
SECRETION,TRANSPORT_AND_METABOLISM_OF_TESTIS_HORMONE RAKESH(1).pptxSECRETION,TRANSPORT_AND_METABOLISM_OF_TESTIS_HORMONE RAKESH(1).pptx
SECRETION,TRANSPORT_AND_METABOLISM_OF_TESTIS_HORMONE RAKESH(1).pptx
MAMTESHBANJARE
 
Medicinal Chemistry of Steroidal Harmons
Medicinal Chemistry of Steroidal Harmons Medicinal Chemistry of Steroidal Harmons
Medicinal Chemistry of Steroidal Harmons
NAGA PRASHANT KOPPURAVURI
 
Mustaqil ish endokrinologiya.pptx
Mustaqil ish endokrinologiya.pptxMustaqil ish endokrinologiya.pptx
Mustaqil ish endokrinologiya.pptx
NodirbekUrazboyev
 
Reproductive endocrinology
Reproductive endocrinologyReproductive endocrinology
Reproductive endocrinologyDrShagufta Akmal
 
Hormones and Puberty pdf_Emoss
Hormones and Puberty pdf_EmossHormones and Puberty pdf_Emoss
Hormones and Puberty pdf_Emoss
Mosese HULKSTAH Tuapati JNR
 
Reaching the age of adolescence class 8 science study material .pdf
Reaching the age of adolescence class 8 science study material .pdfReaching the age of adolescence class 8 science study material .pdf
Reaching the age of adolescence class 8 science study material .pdf
Vivekanand Anglo Vedic Academy
 
Sex hormones (Male)
Sex hormones (Male)Sex hormones (Male)
Sex hormones (Male)
YogeshRahangdale5
 
Endocrinology on male reproductive health
Endocrinology on male reproductive healthEndocrinology on male reproductive health
Endocrinology on male reproductive health
laishramdevi3
 
Hormones-of-the-Reproductive.pptx
Hormones-of-the-Reproductive.pptxHormones-of-the-Reproductive.pptx
Hormones-of-the-Reproductive.pptx
ShielmynKateJunioMan1
 
lecture 45 Endocrine functions of the testis 2021
lecture 45  Endocrine functions of the testis 2021lecture 45  Endocrine functions of the testis 2021
lecture 45 Endocrine functions of the testis 2021
Dr Shamshad Begum loni
 
Function of male and female reproductive system.ppt
Function of male and female reproductive system.pptFunction of male and female reproductive system.ppt
Function of male and female reproductive system.ppt
JohnrylFrancisco
 
Function of male and female reproductive system.ppt
Function of male and female reproductive system.pptFunction of male and female reproductive system.ppt
Function of male and female reproductive system.ppt
yourmomond
 
578
578578
HORMONAL CONTROL OF TESTICULAR FUNCTION
HORMONAL CONTROL OF TESTICULAR FUNCTIONHORMONAL CONTROL OF TESTICULAR FUNCTION
HORMONAL CONTROL OF TESTICULAR FUNCTION
Oseni Saheed Oluwasina Temitayo
 
Signs of lower t
Signs of lower tSigns of lower t
Signs of lower t
Lovina Kapoor
 

Similar to Testosterone Hormone (20)

Sex hormones
Sex hormonesSex hormones
Sex hormones
 
androgens.pptx
androgens.pptxandrogens.pptx
androgens.pptx
 
Endocrine functions of the testes
Endocrine functions of the testes Endocrine functions of the testes
Endocrine functions of the testes
 
Reproductive hormones
Reproductive hormonesReproductive hormones
Reproductive hormones
 
Hormones & sex
Hormones & sexHormones & sex
Hormones & sex
 
SECRETION,TRANSPORT_AND_METABOLISM_OF_TESTIS_HORMONE RAKESH(1).pptx
SECRETION,TRANSPORT_AND_METABOLISM_OF_TESTIS_HORMONE RAKESH(1).pptxSECRETION,TRANSPORT_AND_METABOLISM_OF_TESTIS_HORMONE RAKESH(1).pptx
SECRETION,TRANSPORT_AND_METABOLISM_OF_TESTIS_HORMONE RAKESH(1).pptx
 
Medicinal Chemistry of Steroidal Harmons
Medicinal Chemistry of Steroidal Harmons Medicinal Chemistry of Steroidal Harmons
Medicinal Chemistry of Steroidal Harmons
 
Mustaqil ish endokrinologiya.pptx
Mustaqil ish endokrinologiya.pptxMustaqil ish endokrinologiya.pptx
Mustaqil ish endokrinologiya.pptx
 
Reproductive endocrinology
Reproductive endocrinologyReproductive endocrinology
Reproductive endocrinology
 
Hormones and Puberty pdf_Emoss
Hormones and Puberty pdf_EmossHormones and Puberty pdf_Emoss
Hormones and Puberty pdf_Emoss
 
Reaching the age of adolescence class 8 science study material .pdf
Reaching the age of adolescence class 8 science study material .pdfReaching the age of adolescence class 8 science study material .pdf
Reaching the age of adolescence class 8 science study material .pdf
 
Sex hormones (Male)
Sex hormones (Male)Sex hormones (Male)
Sex hormones (Male)
 
Endocrinology on male reproductive health
Endocrinology on male reproductive healthEndocrinology on male reproductive health
Endocrinology on male reproductive health
 
Hormones-of-the-Reproductive.pptx
Hormones-of-the-Reproductive.pptxHormones-of-the-Reproductive.pptx
Hormones-of-the-Reproductive.pptx
 
lecture 45 Endocrine functions of the testis 2021
lecture 45  Endocrine functions of the testis 2021lecture 45  Endocrine functions of the testis 2021
lecture 45 Endocrine functions of the testis 2021
 
Function of male and female reproductive system.ppt
Function of male and female reproductive system.pptFunction of male and female reproductive system.ppt
Function of male and female reproductive system.ppt
 
Function of male and female reproductive system.ppt
Function of male and female reproductive system.pptFunction of male and female reproductive system.ppt
Function of male and female reproductive system.ppt
 
578
578578
578
 
HORMONAL CONTROL OF TESTICULAR FUNCTION
HORMONAL CONTROL OF TESTICULAR FUNCTIONHORMONAL CONTROL OF TESTICULAR FUNCTION
HORMONAL CONTROL OF TESTICULAR FUNCTION
 
Signs of lower t
Signs of lower tSigns of lower t
Signs of lower t
 

More from RAJENDRACHAVHAN2

Multiple Alleles
Multiple AllelesMultiple Alleles
Multiple Alleles
RAJENDRACHAVHAN2
 
Mnedel's dihybrid cross
Mnedel's dihybrid crossMnedel's dihybrid cross
Mnedel's dihybrid cross
RAJENDRACHAVHAN2
 
Mendel's law
Mendel's lawMendel's law
Mendel's law
RAJENDRACHAVHAN2
 
Klinefelter Syndrome
Klinefelter SyndromeKlinefelter Syndrome
Klinefelter Syndrome
RAJENDRACHAVHAN2
 
Incomplete dominance
Incomplete dominanceIncomplete dominance
Incomplete dominance
RAJENDRACHAVHAN2
 
Gene interaction
Gene interactionGene interaction
Gene interaction
RAJENDRACHAVHAN2
 
Codominance
CodominanceCodominance
Codominance
RAJENDRACHAVHAN2
 
Linkage
LinkageLinkage
Pleiotrophism: Gene Interaction
Pleiotrophism: Gene InteractionPleiotrophism: Gene Interaction
Pleiotrophism: Gene Interaction
RAJENDRACHAVHAN2
 

More from RAJENDRACHAVHAN2 (9)

Multiple Alleles
Multiple AllelesMultiple Alleles
Multiple Alleles
 
Mnedel's dihybrid cross
Mnedel's dihybrid crossMnedel's dihybrid cross
Mnedel's dihybrid cross
 
Mendel's law
Mendel's lawMendel's law
Mendel's law
 
Klinefelter Syndrome
Klinefelter SyndromeKlinefelter Syndrome
Klinefelter Syndrome
 
Incomplete dominance
Incomplete dominanceIncomplete dominance
Incomplete dominance
 
Gene interaction
Gene interactionGene interaction
Gene interaction
 
Codominance
CodominanceCodominance
Codominance
 
Linkage
LinkageLinkage
Linkage
 
Pleiotrophism: Gene Interaction
Pleiotrophism: Gene InteractionPleiotrophism: Gene Interaction
Pleiotrophism: Gene Interaction
 

Recently uploaded

Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
MysoreMuleSoftMeetup
 
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official PublicationThe Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
Delapenabediema
 
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxInstructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Jheel Barad
 
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and ResearchDigital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Vikramjit Singh
 
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptxSupporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
Jisc
 
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free downloadThe French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
Vivekanand Anglo Vedic Academy
 
Additional Benefits for Employee Website.pdf
Additional Benefits for Employee Website.pdfAdditional Benefits for Employee Website.pdf
Additional Benefits for Employee Website.pdf
joachimlavalley1
 
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve Thomason
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonThe Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve Thomason
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve Thomason
Steve Thomason
 
Cambridge International AS A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
Cambridge International AS  A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...Cambridge International AS  A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
Cambridge International AS A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
AzmatAli747758
 
PART A. Introduction to Costumer Service
PART A. Introduction to Costumer ServicePART A. Introduction to Costumer Service
PART A. Introduction to Costumer Service
PedroFerreira53928
 
Model Attribute Check Company Auto Property
Model Attribute  Check Company Auto PropertyModel Attribute  Check Company Auto Property
Model Attribute Check Company Auto Property
Celine George
 
Template Jadual Bertugas Kelas (Boleh Edit)
Template Jadual Bertugas Kelas (Boleh Edit)Template Jadual Bertugas Kelas (Boleh Edit)
Template Jadual Bertugas Kelas (Boleh Edit)
rosedainty
 
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXPhrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
MIRIAMSALINAS13
 
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptxMARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
bennyroshan06
 
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdf
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfThe Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdf
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdf
kaushalkr1407
 
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCECLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
BhavyaRajput3
 
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptxChapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Mohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
 
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxStudents, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
EduSkills OECD
 
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...
Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with MechanismOverview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
DeeptiGupta154
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
 
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official PublicationThe Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
 
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxInstructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
 
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and ResearchDigital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
 
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptxSupporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
 
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free downloadThe French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
 
Additional Benefits for Employee Website.pdf
Additional Benefits for Employee Website.pdfAdditional Benefits for Employee Website.pdf
Additional Benefits for Employee Website.pdf
 
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve Thomason
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonThe Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve Thomason
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve Thomason
 
Cambridge International AS A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
Cambridge International AS  A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...Cambridge International AS  A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
Cambridge International AS A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
 
PART A. Introduction to Costumer Service
PART A. Introduction to Costumer ServicePART A. Introduction to Costumer Service
PART A. Introduction to Costumer Service
 
Model Attribute Check Company Auto Property
Model Attribute  Check Company Auto PropertyModel Attribute  Check Company Auto Property
Model Attribute Check Company Auto Property
 
Template Jadual Bertugas Kelas (Boleh Edit)
Template Jadual Bertugas Kelas (Boleh Edit)Template Jadual Bertugas Kelas (Boleh Edit)
Template Jadual Bertugas Kelas (Boleh Edit)
 
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXPhrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
 
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptxMARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
 
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdf
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfThe Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdf
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdf
 
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCECLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
 
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptxChapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
 
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxStudents, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
 
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...
 
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with MechanismOverview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
 

Testosterone Hormone

  • 1. TESTOSTERONE (SEX HORMONE) Presented By Dr. R. N. CHAVHAN Assistant Professor in Zoology, Mahatma Gandhi Arts, science and Late N. P . Commerce College Armori, District Gadchiroli Testosterone
  • 2. AGENDA 1. WHAT IS HORMONE ? 2. WHAT IS SEX HORMONE ? 3. WHAT IS TESTOSTERONE ? 4. TESTOSTERONE STRUCTURE 5. TESTOSTERONE BIOSYNTHESIS 6. NORMAL LEVEL OF TESTOSTERONE 7. FUNCTIONS OF TESTOSTERONE 8. METABOLIC EFFECTS. 9. THERAPETIC USES OF TESTOSTERONE 10. CONTROL OF TESTOSTERONE 11. ABNORMALITIES (LOW/HIGH) 12. DOSE 13. THERAPY 14. ADVERSE EFFECTS 15. BEST SUPPLEMENTS TO BOOST 16. REGULAR YOGA 17. AVOIDS THE FOODS 18. WHO NEEDS DOSES TESTOSTERONE (SEX HORMONE) Testosterone
  • 3. WHAT IS SEX HORMONE ? Generally, HORMONES are substances that are secreted by the ductless glands, and only minute amounts are necessary to produce the various physiological reaction in the body. Hormones are chemical messengers that trigger necessary changes in the body. WHAT IS HORMONE ? Sex-hormones belong to the steroid class of compounds and are produced in the glands, i.e., testes in the male and ovaries in the female. In fact, their activity seems to be controlled and monitored by the hormones that are produced in the anterior lobe of the pituitary glands. Perhaps because of this inherent characteristics the sex hormones are invariably termed as the secondary sex hormones and the hormones of the anterior lobe of the pituitary are called the primary sex-hormones. Testosterone
  • 4. WHAT IS TESTOSTERONE ? Testosterone is a Principle Male Sex Hormone and an anabolic steroid. Testosterone is a STEROID HORMONE from the androgen group. It is found in MAMMALS, REPTILES, BIRDS and other vertebrates. In mammals, testosterone is primarily secreted in the TESTICLES of males and the OVARIES of females although small amounts are also secreted by the ADRENAL GLANDS. TESTOSTERONE STRUCTURE It is a type of androgen produced primarily by the testicles in cells called the Leydig cells. Testosterone
  • 5. TESTOSTERONE BIOSYNTHESIS The largest amounts of testosterone (> 95 %) are produced by the testes in men, from the interstitial cells of LEYDIG between seminiferous tubules “ about 20 % of testicular mass”. The male generative glands also contain SERTOLI cells which require testosterone for spermatogenesis. It is also synthesized in far smaller quantities in women by the THECAL CELLS of the ovaries, and by the placenta. On an average, in adult males, levels of testosterone are about 7-8 times as great as in adult females. But as the metabolic consumption of testosterone in males is greater, the daily production is about 20 times greater in men. Females are also more sensitive to the hormone. 97 % bound to protein in Plasma 03 % free Testosterone
  • 6.  The amount of testosterone produced by existing leydig cells is under the control of LH which regulates the expression of 17-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD). REGULATION OF TESTOSTERONE BIOSYNTHESIS  When testosterone levels are low, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released by the hypothalamus which in turn stimulates the pituitary gland to release FSH and LH. These later two hormones stimulate the testis to synthesis testosterone. Hypothalamus ANT.PITUITARY TESTIS TESTOSTERON E  Testosterone is primarily synthesized in LEYDIG CELLS.  The number of leydig cells in turn is regulated by (LH) luteinizing hormone and (FSH) follicle stimulating hormone.  Finally increasing levels of testosterone through a negative feedback loop act on the hypothalamus and pituitary to inhibit the release of GnRH and FSH/LH respectively. Testosterone
  • 7. Age Male (in ng/dl) Female (in ng/dl) 17 to 18 years 300-1,200 20-75 19 years and older 240-950 8-60 NORMAL LEVEL OF TESTOSTERONE According to recent guidelines from the American Urological Association (AUA), a testosterone level of at least 300 (ng/dL) nanograms per deciliter is normal for a man. A man with a testosterone level below 300 ng/dL should be diagnosed with Low testosterone. Typical testosterone levels Testosterone
  • 8. FUNCTIONS OF TESTOSTERONE A) SEXUAL FUNCTION  During intrauterine life: testosterone secreted from genital ridge.  Help in formation of male sex characters as: Formation of PENIS, scrotum, seminal vesicles, prostrate glands, male genital ducts.  Influence the descent of testes into scrotum since Second month of pregnancy. EARLY INFANCY: least understood, increases in first weeks the fats again helps in brain development. BEFORE AND AT PUBERTY: Appearance of male secondary sex characters:- Growth of hair over pubis, Extension towards umbilicus, on face and chest, axillary, leg hair. GROWTH OF SEX ORGANS: Testes, Scrotum, Testes, Penis, prostate. Deepeness of voice due to hypertrophy of larynx. MALE BODY TYPE: Narrow pelvis and wide shoulders.  Males sexual behaviour associated with adulthood like desire to apposite sex.  Increase muscle strength.  Appearance of Adam’s apple.  Growth of jaw, braw, chin. Testosterone
  • 9. FUNCTIONS OF TESTOSTERONE  SEX DRIVE (Libido & regulates Fertility)  MALE SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION.  Maintains male secondary sexual characteristics.  Normal male sexual function and behaviour.  GROWTH OF PENIS. In men, testosterone is thought to regulate a sperm production (Spermatogenesis). IN ADULTS: Spermatogenesis BALDNESS: Decrease hair growth at top of the head, provided genetic background. The brain and pituitary gland control testosterone levels. Once produced, the hormone moves through the blood to carry out its various important functions. Testosterone
  • 10. FUNCTIONS OF TESTOSTERONE OVERALL HEALTH EFFECTS:  In general, androgens promote protein synthesis and growth of those tissues with androgen receptors.  Testosterone effects can be classified as anabolic and virilising.  Anabolic effects include growth of muscle mass and strength.  Increased bone density and strength, and  Stimulation of linear growth and bone maturation. Androgenic effects include: Maturation of the sex organs, particularly the penis and the formation of the Scrotum in the foetus, and after birth (usually at puberty) a deepening of the Voice, growth of the beard and axillary hair. Many of these fall into the category of male secondary sex characteristics.  BONE MASS  FAT DISTRIBUTION  MUSCLE SIZE AND STRENGTH (muscle mass)  RED BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION Testosterone
  • 11. Metabolic effects: Increase metabolic rate. Anabolic to Protein: Increases muscle bulk and strength. On CHO: Increases Glycogenesis and Increase Glucose uptake by cells. Reduction of CO2 and PO4 Union of epiphysis Stimulate erythropoiesis Degraded by conjugation in liver to excrete in urine or in bile salts. FUNCTIONS OF TESTOSTERONE ANDROSTENEDIONE: Hormone that serves as a precursor to testosterone and estrogens. INHIBIN: Hormone that inhibits the release of FSH and is thought to be involved in sperm cell development and regulation. Testosterone
  • 12. EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE  Converted to DHT in tissues (more active). Testosterone is also converted to oestradiol in adipose tissue by aromatase enzyme. Testosterone
  • 13. GnRH: LH secretion is stimulated by “GnRH” from hypothalamus to the anterior Pituitary. CONTROL Other factors affects secretion: Weight loss, Zinc deficiency, Aging dominance challenge, Sleep, Training, Licorice, Antiandrogens. LH- Luteinizing hormone: The hormone secretion is stimulated by LH. Negative feedback mechanism: Mainly by the testosterone on the hypothalamus and weaker effect on the anterior Pituitary gland. Testosterone
  • 14. Chronic, or ongoing, low testosterone may lead to Osteoporosis, Mood swings, Reduced energy, and Testicular shrinkage. Testosterone
  • 16. Testosterone ABNORMALITIES (LOW/HIGH) TESTOSTERONE IMBALANCE LOW TESTOSTERONE: When a man has LOW testosterone, or hypogonadism, he may experience:  REDUCED SEX DRIVE  ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION (ED)  LOW SPERM COUNT  Enlarged or swollen breast tissue Abnormalities: HYPOGONADISM in Male During foetal life: When the testes are of functioning, none of male characteristics appear, instead female organs are formed.  If boy loses his testes before puberty. A state of eunichism: infantile sex organs and sex characters.  Slightly tall because of slower union of epiphysis  If a man is castrated after puberty: 1) Secondary sexual characters aren’t affected. 2) Decreased sexual desire and sterility. 3) Accessory sexual organs are gradually dysfunctioned. 4) FSH & LH are increased due to –ve feedback mechanism.
  • 17. Testosterone B-adiposogenital syndrome, Frolich’s syndrome, hypothalamic eunuchism Hypogonadism due to genetic inability of hypothalamus to secrete normal amount of GnRH & abnormality of feeding of centre of hypothalamus leads to obesity with eunuchism
  • 18. The following are symptoms of late-onset hypogonadism:  Diminished erectile quality, particularly at night  Decreased libido  Mood changes  Reduced cognitive function  Fatigue, depression, and anger  A decrease in muscle mass and strength  Decreased body hair  Skin changes  Decreased bone mass and bone mineral density  Increase in abdominal fat mass Testosterone
  • 19. As well as sexual dysfunction, late-onset hypogonadism has also been associated with metabolic disease and cardiovascular disease. The degree to which testosterone levels decline varies between men, but a growing number of men experience the effects of reduced testosterone levels. Life expectancy has increased, and many men now live beyond the age of 60 years. As a result, a higher number of men see the effects of age-related testosterone depletion. Treatment: Administering treatment for hypogonadism as the result of a disease differs from treating late-onset hypogonadism in older men. Testosterone
  • 20. Testosterone levels and aging: - Testosterone levels naturally decrease as a man ages. The effects of gradually lowering testosterone levels as men age have received increasing attention in recent years. It is known as late-onset hypogonadism. After the age of 40, the concentration of circulating testosterone falls by about 1.6 percent every year for most men. By the age of 60, the low levels of testosterone would lead to a diagnosis of hypogonadism in younger men. About 4 in 10 men have hypogonadism by the time they reach 45 years old. The number of cases in which older men have been diagnosed as having low testosterone increased 170 percent since 2012. Low testosterone has been associated with increased mortality in male veterans. Late-onset hypogonadism has become a recognized medical condition, although many of the symptoms are associated with normal aging.
  • 22. TESTOSTERONE IMBALANCE : High or low levels of testosterone can lead to dysfunction in the parts of the body normally regulated by the hormone.  LOSS OF BODY HAIR  LOSS OF MUSCLE BULK  LOSS OF STRENGTH  INCREASED BODY FAT Testosterone OVER time, these symptoms may develop in the following ways:
  • 23. Testosterone  GROWTH AND SWELLING OF THE CLITORIS  CHANGES IN BODY SHAPE  REDUCTION IN BREAST SIZE  OILY SKIN  ACNE  FACIAL HAIR GROWTH AROUND THE BODY, LIPS, AND CHIN Too much testosterone, on the other hand, can lead to the triggering of puberty before the age of 9 years. this condition would mainly affect younger men and is much rarer. IN WOMEN, HOWEVER, HIGH TESTOSTERONE LEVELS CAN LEAD TO MALE PATTERN BALDNESS, A DEEP VOICE, AND MENSTRUAL IRREGULARITIES, AS WELLAS: Testosterone imbalances can be detected with a blood test and treated accordingly. Recent studies have also linked high testosterone levels in women to the risk of uterine fibroids.
  • 24. Sex verification in sports (also known as gender verification, or loosely as gender determination or a sex test) Caster Semenya In August 2009, South African athlete Caster Semenya was subjected to mandatory sex verification testing at the request of the IAAF. •On 6 July 2010, the IAAF confirmed that Semenya was cleared to continue competing as a woman. •The results of the gender testing were never officially released for privacy reasons. •In 2018, the IAAF announced new rules that once again prevented Semenya from running, rules that are thought to have been designed specifically to target Semenya. •South African middle-distance runner Caster Semenya won the 800 meters at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics in Berlin. •After her victory at the 2009 World Championships, it was announced that she had been subjected to gender testing. •The IAAF confirmed that Semenya had agreed to a sex-testing process that began in South Africa and would continue in Germany. Dutee Chand was born a woman, raised as a woman and identifies as a woman. But winning a gold medal led to a legal challenge over whether she could compete as a woman – and humiliating "gender verification" tests.
  • 25.  Testicular injury, such as castration  Infection of the testicles  Medications, such as opiate analgesics  Chronic diseases, including:- type 2 diabetes, kidney and liver disease, obesity, and HIV/AIDS. CAUSES CAN INCLUDE: GENETIC DISEASES, SUCH AS :-  KLINEFELTER SYNDROME,  PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME,  HEMOCHROMATOSIS,  KALLMAN SYNDROME, AND  MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY  Disorders that affect the hormones, such as pituitary tumors or high prolactin levels Testosterone
  • 26. Testosterone  SKIN GELS AND PATCHES  INJECTIONS  TABLETS THAT ARE ABSORBED THROUGH THE GUMS  INCREASED RED BLOOD CELL COUNT  PROSTATE AND BREAST ENLARGEMENT  ACNE  IN RARE CASES,  BREATHING DIFFICULTIES DURING SLEEP  INCREASED RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, ALTHOUGH THIS IS SUBJECT TO DEBATE The treatment can be administered by: These can, however, trigger side effects, including:
  • 27. Testosterone Testosterone replacement therapy is used to help treat people with abnormally low levels of testosterone. These abnormally low levels usually affect normal body functions, which can contribute to decreased muscle mass and a lower sex drive, among other effects. For this treatment, testosterone medication is prescribed. 1. Exercise and Lift Weights. 2. Eat Protein, Fat and Carbs 3. Minimize Stress and Cortisol Levels. 4. Get Some Sun or Take a Vitamin D Supplement. 5. Take Vitamin and Mineral Supplements. 6. Get Plenty of Restful, High-Quality Sleep. What is the best treatment for low testosterone? Here are 8 evidence-based ways to increase testosterone levels naturally.
  • 28.
  • 29. Testosterone The Endocrine Society recommends offering testosterone therapy to people with symptoms of testosterone deficiency. In men over 65, treatment should only be initiated on an individual basis and after consultation with the person regarding risks and benefits. People worried about their testosterone levels might choose to avoid the following foods.  Soy products. Soy foods, such as tofu, edamame, and soy protein isolates, contain phytoestrogens.  Dairy products.  Alcohol.  Mint.  Bread, pastries, and desserts.  Licorice root.  Certain fats. Who needs testosterone?
  • 31. Testosterone Best Supplements to Boost Testosterone Levels: 1. D-Aspartic Acid. 2. Vitamin D. 3. Tribulus Terrestris. 4. Fenugreek. 5. Ginger. 6. DHEA. 7. Zinc. 8. Ashwagandha
  • 32. Fast facts on testosterone  Testosterone regulates a number of processes in the male body.  Levels of testosterone tend to drop as men age.  Prohormone supplements do not have any effect on testosterone levels.  Testosterone supplements are prescribed only for specified conditions, and not to counteract the natural, age-related drop in testosterone levels.  Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is also available. However, this can carry side effects and risks. Testosterone
  • 33.
  • 34. THANK YOU FOR WATCHING LIKE, SHARE, COMMENTS & SUBSCRIBE