Ir. Soekarno was born in 1901 in Surabaya, Indonesia. He was the first President of Indonesia from 1945 to 1967 and was instrumental in proclaiming Indonesia's independence. Soekarno studied civil engineering and graduated in 1926. As an architect, he designed several important buildings in Indonesia including the Istiqlal Mosque, National Monument, and Hotel Indonesia. Some of his designs were through competitions or on the request of the government. Soekarno also provided architectural ideas and contributions to projects in Saudi Arabia. He was a very influential figure in Indonesia's history.