this contains the steps for the class 1 cavity preparation for amalgam in detail. also contains the difference between composite and amalgam cavity preparation.
this contains the steps for the class 1 cavity preparation for amalgam in detail. also contains the difference between composite and amalgam cavity preparation.
In this lecture I explain in step-by-step fashion the basics of amalgam class I restoration. a photo guide is attached to the guide to aid in better understanding of the topic
a Topic from Chapter 9 of Proffitt's Orthodontics Edition 6, including the Mechanical Principles in Orthodontics.
In this Slide terminology of Biomechanics in Orthodontics is defined along with effects of wide & narrow bracket, with brief description of Moment & Couple used in Orthodontic Tooth Movement.
In this lecture I explain in step-by-step fashion the basics of amalgam class I restoration. a photo guide is attached to the guide to aid in better understanding of the topic
a Topic from Chapter 9 of Proffitt's Orthodontics Edition 6, including the Mechanical Principles in Orthodontics.
In this Slide terminology of Biomechanics in Orthodontics is defined along with effects of wide & narrow bracket, with brief description of Moment & Couple used in Orthodontic Tooth Movement.
Resin bonded bridge: A forgotten first frontier for an aesthetically critical...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This topic very important during restoring tooth (ex. CL II), to prevent excess materials and provide good contact and smooth surface...
Also help during diagnosis of proximal carie...
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Intra & extra coronal restoration resistance form /certified fixed orthodont...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Triangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptx
Amalgam restoration
1. AMALGAM RESTORATION
Objectives of Tooth Preparation:
1. Removal of defects (caries), as conservative as possible
2. Pulpal protection
3. Tooth that can withstand masticatory forces and pressure (no fracture)
4. Restore esthetics and function
Factors that can affect tooth preparation
1. Diagnosis (pulpal involvement, gingival status, bone support, defects extension)
2. Treatment plan
3. Patient’s concerns, knowledge, economic status, oral hygiene practices
4. Dental Anatomy (morphology, occlusal relationship)
5. Risk potential (after assessment)
6. Choice of restorative materials (ability for isolation/operator’s skills)
Internal walls (do not extend to external tooth structure)
Steps in Amalgam restoration:
1. Cavity preparation
2. Condensation of the amalgam
3. Pre-carve burnishing
4. Carving and finishing + Removal of matrix band
5. Occlusal check
6. Post-carve burnishing
7. Finishing and polishing after 24 hours (complete crystallization)
*finishing use green stone, finishing burs, abrasive discs, check margins and contours
*polishing use rotating soft brush or rubber cup under wet condition
*proper finishing and polishing give smooth appearance and allow easy cleansing
Outline form:
1. Include all the carious areas (primarily based on location and extension of caries)
2. Gently flowing curve (occlusal) + 0.5mm clearance (proximal)
3. Distinct 90 cavosurface margin
4. Increased visibility by entering the distal pit FIRST
5. Bur – parallel to the long axis of the tooth; handpiece – paralled to the line of arch
Primary resistant form:
Ability of restoration and tooth to withstand masticatory forces without fracture
1. Flat walls and floors
2. Box shape
3. Inclusion of weakened tooth structure
4. Rounded internal line angles (esp axio-pulpal line angle)
5. Adequate thickness for the restorative materials (>1.5mm for amalgam) *strength and longevity
6. Reverse curve (butt joints) – for proximal cavity preparation
Dimensions:
Pulpal depth = 1.5 - 2mm (measured at the central fissure)
Gingival seat/depth = 1-2mm below the contact, supragingivally
*obtain 0.5mm clearance
Faciolingual width = ¼ intercuspal distance ~1-1.5mm
Retentive grooves = 0.5mm into the dentin
2. Primary retention form:
Resistance to the displacement or removal of the materials from tipping/lifting forces
1. Convergence of external walls, occlusally
2. Occlusal dovetails (prevent tipping)
Convenience form:
To provide adequate observation, accessibility and ease of operation, but with minimal amount of reduction
Secondary resistance and retention form:
1. Etching, priming and adhesive materials placement
2. Retentive undercuts - retentive grooves (proximal box)
3. Retention lock (0.2mm from DEJ) *can’t really be measured clinically
Notes:
For proximal lesions, unless there is a
penetration into the dentin, treatment is
usually not needed.
For cases where two lesions are seen, whether
to prepare TWO separate cavities or ONE
joined cavity, depends on the degree of close
proximity between the two carious lesions.
Always remove any remaining pits and
fissures, infected dentin and old restorative
materials.
Pulpal protection due to pulpal irritation (potential):
1. Ingredients in the restorative materials
2. Thermal conduction
3. Force of transmission to the dentin
4. Galvanic shock
5. Microleakage
Matrix band application:
1. Retains amalgam in the cavity during condensation
2. Permits close adaptation of the amalgam *same goes to the use of cervical wedge
3. Helps to restore contact area and external contour of the crown
Condensation of amalgam:
1. Pack in lateral and vertical direction
2. Allow buildup of excess amalgam at the cavity margins
3. Pre-carve burnishing enhance the benefits of condensation
4. Fracture of condensed amalgam during matrix band removal can be due to
a. Poor cavity preparation
b. Insufficient marginal ridge condensation (insufficient bulk of amalgam)
c. Inadequate trimming of the ridge before band removal
Signs of Failure of Amalgam restoration:
1. Fracture line
2. Marginal enamel ditching
3. Proximal overhangs
4. Poor anatomic contour
5. Marginal ridge incompatibility
6. Improper proximal contacts
7. Recurrent caries
Indication for the removal of old restorative
materials:
1. Poor estheric results
2. Compromise of new materials
3. Secondary caries
4. Symptomatic tooth pulp
5. Microleakage/non-intact periphery margin