This case report describes the restoration of a missing maxillary right central incisor in a 17-year-old male patient using a resin bonded bridge (RBB). A RBB was determined to be the most suitable treatment option given the patient's young age, financial limitations that precluded an implant, and presence of an anterior open bite. The abutment teeth were prepared with intra-enamel reductions and grooves to allow path of insertion for a three-unit RBB framework. The framework was fabricated from nickel-chromium alloy and cemented in place using resin cement. At follow-up the patient was satisfied with the aesthetic results and RBB was concluded to be an excellent treatment for restoring this aesthetically critical ed
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Acid etches bridges and its scope/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Acid etches bridges and its scope/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Design of a fixed Partial Denture (with Abutment Tooth Preparation)Taseef Hasan Farook
A simplified take on the steps to designing a Fixed partial denture. This presentation also includes an overview of abutment preparation, associated finishes and methods of impression taking prior to the designing of the prosthesis itself
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry , Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
a Topic from Chapter 9 of Proffitt's Orthodontics Edition 6, including the Mechanical Principles in Orthodontics.
In this Slide terminology of Biomechanics in Orthodontics is defined along with effects of wide & narrow bracket, with brief description of Moment & Couple used in Orthodontic Tooth Movement.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Design of a fixed Partial Denture (with Abutment Tooth Preparation)Taseef Hasan Farook
A simplified take on the steps to designing a Fixed partial denture. This presentation also includes an overview of abutment preparation, associated finishes and methods of impression taking prior to the designing of the prosthesis itself
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry , Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
a Topic from Chapter 9 of Proffitt's Orthodontics Edition 6, including the Mechanical Principles in Orthodontics.
In this Slide terminology of Biomechanics in Orthodontics is defined along with effects of wide & narrow bracket, with brief description of Moment & Couple used in Orthodontic Tooth Movement.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Vonlay; A paradigm shift in post endodontic restoration: A case report.komalicarol
Porcelain veneers have long been a popular restorative option that
have evolved into a well- accepted treatment that can be fabricated
in various ways. Onlays are another common treatment modality
used in contemporary dentistry to restore large areas of decay and
to replace old restorations. With the availability of newer highstrength materials such as lithium disilicate and processing technologies like CAD/CAM and heat pressing, dental professionals
are now able to produce highly esthetic, high-strength restorations
that blend seamlessly with the natural dentition while also withstanding posterior occlusal forces. A tooth more complex restoration is required after endodontic treatment when compared to normal tooth restoration, because of factors such as extensive caries,
post-treatment root canal dentin and even the economics condition
of the patient.One such design proposed by Dr.Ronald E Goldstein
is “Veenerlay”or “Vonlay”. Vonlay is a blend of an onlay with an
extended buccal veneer surface for use in premolar region, where
there is sufficient enamel present to bond. This restorative option
requires a much less invasive preparation than a full coverage
crown but provides the same structural benefits. Thus, the aim of
this case report is to present a case of Vonlay following endodontic
treatement of lower mandibular premol
Vonlay; A Paradigm Shift in Post Endodontic Restoration: A Case Reportsemualkaira
Porcelain veneers have long been a popular restorative option that
have evolved into a well- accepted treatment that can be fabricated
in various ways. Onlays are another common treatment modality
used in contemporary dentistry to restore large areas of decay and
to replace old restorations
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Strip Crowns Technique for Restoration of Primary Anterior Teeth: Case ReportAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Dental caries is the single most common chronic childhood disease affecting worldwide. In early childhood caries, there is early pulp involvement and gross destruction of maxillary anterior teeth as well as posterior teeth. Treatment of such caries represents a challenge to pediatric dentists especially, when teeth are badly destroyed. By the time the dentist sees the child, most of the coronal structure is lost. This case report describes challenging task of a Case of early childhood caries patients with mutilated maxillary incisors restored with a strip form composite restorations.
Overdentures can be either tooth or implant supported. Completely edentulous patients whose economic condition Thwarts them to invest in the expensive implant (number based) treatments should be motivated to have at least a two implant-supported overdenture since the prosthesis offers most of the advantages of conventional tooth-supported overdenture. We report a case of an elderly female patient who was reluctant toward surgery, but with moderate education was treated successfully with a two staged, two implant-supported overdenture using a ball abutment with o ring attachment.
Single Visit Replacement of Central Maxillary Using Fiber-Reinforced Composi...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Fiber reinforced composites are high strength filling materials composed of conventional composites and glass fibres. They exhibit extensive applications in different fields of dentistry. This clinical report present a case where FRC technology was successfully used to restore central maxillary incisor edentulous area in terms of esthetic-cosmetic values and functionality.
Fabrication of Complete Dentures for A Patient with Resorbed Mandibular Anter...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The loose and unstable lower complete denture is one of the most common problems faced by denture patients with highly resorbed ridge. The management of such highly resorbed ridges has always posed a difficulty to the prosthodontist.Obtaining consistent mandibular denture stability has longbeen a challenge for dental profession. The simplest approach often is to extend the denture base adequately for proper use of all available tisues.To achieve this goal impression of the resorbed mandibular ridge is very important. The objective is to develop a physiologic impression with maximum support of both hard and soft tissues.In such cases, an innovative technique of impressionmaking by using a close fitting tray and anelastomeric impression material tomake a proper impression to achieve maximum retentionand stability.This article describes an impression technique used for highly resorbed mandibular ridge using an all green impression technique, to gain maximum retention andstability
Zirconium Dental Implants And Crown for Congenitally Missing Maxillary Latera...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Zirconia implants were familiarized into dental implantology. Zirconia appears
to be an appropriate implant material due to its low plaque affinity, tooth like color, biocompatibility and mechanical properties. The following a case presentations will show how the acid-etched zirconia Implant can be used to functionally and aesthetically replace congenitally missing left lateral incisor tooth germ in the maxilla, and achieve optimal soft tissues and health.
An Examination of Effectuation Dimension as Financing Practice of Small and M...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Does Goods and Services Tax (GST) Leads to Indian Economic Development?iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Childhood Factors that influence success in later lifeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Emotional Intelligence and Work Performance Relationship: A Study on Sales Pe...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer’s Acceptance of Internet Banking in Dubaiiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study of Employee Satisfaction relating to Job Security & Working Hours amo...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumer Perspectives on Brand Preference: A Choice Based Model Approachiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Student`S Approach towards Social Network Sitesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Broadcast Management in Nigeria: The systems approach as an imperativeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study on Retailer’s Perception on Soya Products with Special Reference to T...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study Factors Influence on Organisation Citizenship Behaviour in Corporate ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumers’ Behaviour on Sony Xperia: A Case Study on Bangladeshiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Design of a Balanced Scorecard on Nonprofit Organizations (Study on Yayasan P...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Public Sector Reforms and Outsourcing Services in Nigeria: An Empirical Evalu...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Media Innovations and its Impact on Brand awareness & Considerationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer experience in supermarkets and hypermarkets – A comparative studyiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Social Media and Small Businesses: A Combinational Strategic Approach under t...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Secretarial Performance and the Gender Question (A Study of Selected Tertiary...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Implementation of Quality Management principles at Zimbabwe Open University (...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Organizational Conflicts Management In Selected Organizaions In Lagos State, ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Resin bonded bridge: A forgotten first frontier for an aesthetically critical edentulous space- A case report
1. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 14, Issue 11 Ver. I (Nov. 2015), PP 123-128
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/0853-14111123128 www.iosrjournals.org 123 | Page
Resin bonded bridge: A forgotten first frontier for an
aesthetically critical edentulous space- A case report
Dr Rahul Vishnoi1
, Dr Anand Bele2
, Dr Deshraj Jain3
1
(MDS, Department of Prosthodontics, Government College of Dentistry, Indore, India)
2
(Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Government College of Dentistry, Indore, India)
3
(Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Government College of Dentistry, Indore, India)
Abstract: Introduction and the succeeding acceptance and popularity of implants has made the choice of other
restoration options a little less common. The resin bonded bridges, though an excellent alternative to less
conservative procedure like complete coverage fixed bridges and economically dearer choice like implant, are
still not embraced by the common dentist. However, in circumstances of a proper case selection and financial
limitations on the part of the patient, the use of resin bonded bridge should not be avoided. The missing anterior
tooth in young patients who cannot afford a more expensive option of implant has so far been the most ideal
case choice for these prostheses. This article explains the restoration of a missing, maxillary right central
incisor in a young male with open bite, using resin bonded bridge.
Keywords: cantilever, etching, implant, resin-bonded bridge
Abbreviations: RBB- Resin-bonded bridge; FPD- Fixed Partial Denture; RPD- Removable Partial Denture;
IOPAR-Intra oral periapical radiograph
I. Introduction
Resin bonded bridges (RBBs) are minimally invasive fixed prostheses which employ composite resin
cements for retention. These restorations were first introduced in the 1970s and since then, multiple
modifications have been done to improve them. [1]
Buonocore [2] in 1955 introduced bonding to dentistry and thus heralded new possibilities in the
restoration procedures. Adhesive technology means that more conservative preparation of the abutment teeth is
possible in comparison to conventional restorations.
In 1973, Rochette [3] introduced the concept of bonding a metal retainer to enamel by adhesive resin.
However, his application was to splint periodontally involved mandibular anterior teeth using a cast gold bar
bonded to the lingual surfaces of the teeth.
Howe and Denehy [4] used this technique to introduce the first form of RBB which became popular as
the „Rochettebridge‟. Livaditis [5] proposed abutment preparation, including reduction of proximal and lingual
surfaces to create a path of insertion, along with occlusal rest seat preparation to resist tissuewarddisplacement
of the retainer.
Livaditis and Thompson [6] of Maryland universityin 1982 pioneered the concept of electrolytically
etching a non-precious metal to microscopically roughen the metal surface, introducing Maryland bridge.
In contrast to the micro-mechanical retention employed by Maryland Bridge, Moon and Hudgins et al
of Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry developed "Virginia Bridge” which had visible
macroscopic mechanical undercuts on the inner surface of retainers. It is fabricated by "lost salt crystal"
technique using 150-250 um sized salt crystals [7].
Because of the impracticality of the etching technique, airborne particle abrasion with 50 um
aluminium oxide was proposed as a more practical alternative to increase surface roughness. The equipment
required is inexpensive and the surface details can be appreciated without the use of microsope (required in
electrochemical etching)[8].
The resin systems like Super-Bond and Panavia have also been developed to facilitate the direct
bonding of metal.
So many modifications have been done and techniques have been introduced to the concept of RBB
that sometimes it is perplexing to choose this restorative option even when the case selection is appropriate for
the same. This article explains an ideal case choice for the RBB over implant and conventional FPD; and the
method in detail along with the modifications in tooth preparations.
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II. Case-Report
A 17 year old male patient reported to the post-graduate department of Government Dental College,
Indore with a chief complaint of missing right, maxillary central incisor and desired it to be replaced as soon as
possible (Fig. 1). He gave a history of trauma (a blow to the tooth) as the cause of loss of tooth. His medical
history was non-contributory.
After taking the relevant radiographs and the diagnostic models, patient‟s treatment plan was discussed.
1.1 Treatment-options-
1.1.1 Removable partial denture- RPD was ruled out as neither the patient wanted a removable prosthesis nor
was the Prosthodontist convinced to give an RPD for a single missing tooth. Moreover, the tooth of interest was
aesthetically critical and a conventional RPD would not be a suitable treatment option.
1.1.2 Fixed Partial Denture- A conventional full-coverage FPD was out of the question as the IOPAR of the
patient demonstrated large pulp cavity; so the FPD would not be feasible (Fig. 2).
1.1.3 Implant- Considering the age of the patient and the location of the edentulous space, an implant was a
good option but the patient could not afford it. Hence, it was also ruled out.
1.1.4 Resin Bonded Bridge- This was the most suitable treatment option, by the point of views of both, the
Prosthodontist and the patient. Economically sound and conservative of a vital tooth of a young patient, an RBB
was the most feasible prosthesis for this case. Also, the patient had minor anterior open bitewhich is considered
an ideal indication for RBB. There would be no anterior centric occlusal contacts which could otherwise create
harmful forces at ceramo-metal junction. (Patient was unwilling for an orthodontic consultation as the open bite
did not affect the facial aesthetics)
1.2 Cantilever or not?
As the missing tooth was a maxillary central incisor, the root surface area of which is larger than the
maxillary lateral incisor; the cantilever prosthesis supported by the lateral incisor would not be able to bear the
moment of force generated when masticatory and parafunctional forces would have come into play. Hence a
three unit RBB involving right, maxillary lateral incisor and left, maxillary central incisor was planned.
1.3 Abutment Preparation
Because the dentition displayed an anterior open bite, there was no need to mark the centric occlusal
contacts. An intra-enamel preparation was started on the lingual surface of the right, maxillary lateral incisor
with small wheel bur and it was reduced by approximately 0.5 mm. A torpedo bur was used to make a chamfer
gingival margin approximately 1 mm incisal to the cementoenamel junction. The proximal contours were
reduced to allow a path of insertion and increase the tooth surface area for bonding. The facial extension of the
proximal tooth preparation was done just slightly lingual to the facial line angles. Bilaterally, proximal grooves
were made. A notch was prepared in cingulum with a flat end tapered bur, which served as an occlusal step. The
tooth preparation was stopped 2mm short of the incisal edge to avoid the visibility of unaesthetic metal.
The same preparation was repeated on the maxillary, left central incisor (Fig. 3).
Although a provisional restoration is not absolutely essential in RBB, a temporary restoration was fabricated as
the patient requested for the same.
1.4 Framework design
After properly isolating both the abutments with cotton rolls and suction-tip, impression was made
(Fig. 4) using two-step putty wash technique with putty and light body addition silicone [Aquasil LV, Dentsply,
Mumbai, India]. Impression was poured in type V Dental stone that is, die stone [Kalrock, Kalabhai, Mumbai,
India]. The cast was retrieved and the wax pattern for the RBB was fabricated (Fig. 5) with crown wax
[Kronenwachs, Bego, Germany] and modelling wax [Y-Dent, MDM Corporation, New Delhi, India].
Following investing, the wax pattern was cast in Ni-Cr alloy [NDN, Germany]. After finishing and
polishing of the framework, its intra-oral trial was done (Fig. 6). Ceramic was applied on the pontic and
subsequently, the sandblasting of the tissue-surface was done with 50um aluminium oxide. This facilitated the
formation of micromechanical patterns which help in the subsequent resin tag formation.
1.5 Cementation
A meticulous salivary control was achieved by using suction-tips and cotton-rolls. Rubber dam
application is not always practically feasible as it may cover the margin or cause saliva pooling in the area.
Following the manufacturer‟s instructions, first the enamel was conditioned using the resin cement [Panavia21,
Kuraray, Japan] followed by the cementation of the framework (Fig. 7).
Patient was given post-op instructions and was asked to report for a follow-up appointment after 24
hours.
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He was satisfied with the aesthetic results of the final restoration (Fig. 8).
III. Discussion
Three fundamental principles should be followed to get optimum results with RBB- proper patient
selection, correct enamel modification, and framework design [9]
The present case fulfilled all the three above requirements. It was an apt choice for RBB as the patient
had open bite which is an ideal requirement for the same; the enamel modification had been done keeping in
mind the required retention and resistance form and the framework had been designed after considering the
possible undercuts and the path of insertion of the restoration.
According to author, a fourth fundamental principal should be the meticulous cementation. Due to
frequent debonding in such cases, the cementation should be done carefully as this step is highly technique-
sensitive.
RBB presents with many obvious pros like non-invasive preparation, no anesthesia needed,
supragingival margins which are not deleterious for periodontium, less time-consuming, rebonding possible
without any warpage or breakage, no need for provisional restorations in maximum cases; however, its
longevity is still questionable as decementation is frequent and it does not correct alignment [10]
RBB has also come forward as a temporary restoration in cases of anterior implants [11].
However, RBB is still a wonderful treatment option in developing nations like India where a major part
of the population consists of youngsters; and an average patient visiting a dentist is economically not well to-do
to afford an elite restorative option like implant. In such a case-scenario, RBB should be the first frontier for an
edentulous space that is also aesthetically critical.
Also, RBB fulfills the most fundamental principal of dentistry-MM Devan‟s dictum. “It is perpetual
preservation of what already exists is important and not the meticulous replacement of what is missing” [12]
IV. Conclusion
This article explains the need of realizing the importance of RBB in rehabilitation of missing anterior
teeth when other prosthodontic options are either not cost effective or are radically invasive for the otherwise
sound tooth structure.
Acknowledgement
The authors are grateful to Mr. VK Tripathi for his contribution in the laboratory work.
Figure Legends
Fig. 1-Missing maxillary right central incisor, an aesthetically critical edentulous space.
Fig. 2-Radiograph depicting a large pulpal cavity in a young patient, a contra-indication for complete coverage
FPD.
Fig. 3-Intra-enamel peparation for RBD.
Fig. 4-Silicon impression for better recording of detail.
Fig. 5-Wax pattern for the RBD.
Fig. 6- Framework trial.
Fig. 7-RBB cemented; Notice the anterior open bite in the patient.
Fig. 8-The patient satisfied with aesthetic results of the RBD.
Fig. 1-Missing maxillary right central incisor, an aesthetically critical edentulous space.
4. Resin bonded bridge: A forgotten first frontier for an aesthetically critical edentulous space...
DOI: 10.9790/0853-14111123128 www.iosrjournals.org 126 | Page
Fig. 2-Radiograph depicting a large pulpal cavity in a young patient, a contra-indication for complete coverage
FPD.
Fig. 3-Intra-enamel peparation for RBD.
Fig. 4-Silicon impression for better recording of detail.
5. Resin bonded bridge: A forgotten first frontier for an aesthetically critical edentulous space...
DOI: 10.9790/0853-14111123128 www.iosrjournals.org 127 | Page
Fig. 5-Wax pattern for the RBD.
Fig. 6- Framework trial.
Fig. 7-RBB cemented; Notice the anterior open bite in the patient.
6. Resin bonded bridge: A forgotten first frontier for an aesthetically critical edentulous space...
DOI: 10.9790/0853-14111123128 www.iosrjournals.org 128 | Page
Fig. 8-The patient satisfied with aesthetic results of the RBD.
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