The document discusses alternative techniques to animal testing in drug and chemical research. It defines alternatives as methods that replace, reduce, or refine animal use. Several specific alternative techniques are described, including full thickness skin models, in silico computer modeling, cell line techniques, and patch clamp electrophysiology. The techniques aim to provide comparable data to animal tests while avoiding or minimizing animal use.
Anesthesia and euthanasia of experimental animal by vivek and naveenAnimatedWorld
Anesthesia and euthanasia of experimental animal by vivek and naveen
Anesthesia
It is a state of controlled temporary loss of sensation or awareness that or awareness that is induced for medical purpose.
Anesthetic agents
The anesthetic agents are great and choosing the correct one for particular suggestion.
In laboratory animal field , the anesthetic surgeon and post operative are often one and the same person.
This will help to chose correct drug for anaesthesia.
Sometime the wise anesthetic agents also cause undesirable responses. so, its responsibility of experimenters to document this advance in exprimental protocol
Euthanasia
The term euthanasia is derived from the Greek terms eu mean good and thanatos mean death.
Euthanasia is the act of including humane death in an animal. sacrificing the experimental animal after use by gentle procedure causing minimum of physical and mental suffering is called euthanasia.
In this slide contains diabetics, classification, symptoms, complication, invivo and invitro screening models of anti diabetics.
Presented by: GEETHANJALI ADAPALA (Department of pharmacology).
RIPER, anantapur
Anesthesia and euthanasia of experimental animal by vivek and naveenAnimatedWorld
Anesthesia and euthanasia of experimental animal by vivek and naveen
Anesthesia
It is a state of controlled temporary loss of sensation or awareness that or awareness that is induced for medical purpose.
Anesthetic agents
The anesthetic agents are great and choosing the correct one for particular suggestion.
In laboratory animal field , the anesthetic surgeon and post operative are often one and the same person.
This will help to chose correct drug for anaesthesia.
Sometime the wise anesthetic agents also cause undesirable responses. so, its responsibility of experimenters to document this advance in exprimental protocol
Euthanasia
The term euthanasia is derived from the Greek terms eu mean good and thanatos mean death.
Euthanasia is the act of including humane death in an animal. sacrificing the experimental animal after use by gentle procedure causing minimum of physical and mental suffering is called euthanasia.
In this slide contains diabetics, classification, symptoms, complication, invivo and invitro screening models of anti diabetics.
Presented by: GEETHANJALI ADAPALA (Department of pharmacology).
RIPER, anantapur
Introduction to pre clinical screening of drugsKanthlal SK
Various Techniques and Methods for screening of new chemical entities in preclinical aspects (both invitro & invivo) for effective and safe clinical usage.
Screening methods of immunomodulators by shivam diwakerShivam Diwaker
Immune Modulators are the substances or drugs or chemical compounds that are used for the modification in the Immune system such as stimulate and suppress.
Assignment on Preclinical Screening of ImmunomodulatorsDeepak Kumar
Assignment on Preclinical screening of new substances for the pharmacological activity using in vivo, in vitro, and other possible animal alternative models
Introduction to pre clinical screening of drugsKanthlal SK
Various Techniques and Methods for screening of new chemical entities in preclinical aspects (both invitro & invivo) for effective and safe clinical usage.
Screening methods of immunomodulators by shivam diwakerShivam Diwaker
Immune Modulators are the substances or drugs or chemical compounds that are used for the modification in the Immune system such as stimulate and suppress.
Assignment on Preclinical Screening of ImmunomodulatorsDeepak Kumar
Assignment on Preclinical screening of new substances for the pharmacological activity using in vivo, in vitro, and other possible animal alternative models
Alternative to animal toxicit testing.pptxANANYAPANDEY71
Alternative to animal toxicity studies
pharmacological and toxicological studies
hetcam test
pyrogen test
3R
Refinment,Reduction &Replacement
In-Silico methods
CADD, QSAR
Alternative methods to animals testing are the development and implementation of test method that avoid use of live animals or use of less animals in method.
The council directive on protection of animals used for experiments and scientific purpose in article 23
“The commission and member states should encourage
research into development and validation of alternative methods which could provide the same level of information as that obtained in experiment using animals but which involves less animal”.
Alternative methods able to do:
Reduce Refine Replace
collectively called as “The 3Rs Principle”.
Needs for alternative methods
Because in laboratory animals may be:
Poisoned.
Deprived of food water and sleep.
Applied with skin and eye irritants.
Subjected to psychological stress.
Deliberately infected with the infected disease.
Assignment on Toxicokinetics- Toxicokinetic evaluation in preclinical studies, saturation kinetics Importance and applications of toxicokinetic studies. Alternative methods to animal toxicity testing.
Alternatives to animal studies in Pharmaceutical research has been explained on the basis of replacement, reduction and refinement. Also newer pre-clinical animal models like use of genetically modified animals were presented.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
1. EVALUATION SEMINAR ON ALTERNATIVE
TO ANIMAL STUDIES
PRESENTED BY:
MR. UTTAM PAUL
1ST M. PHARM
DEPT. OF PHARMACOLOGY
FACILIATED TO:
DR. SHIVALINGE GOWDA K.P.
H.O.D, DEPARTMENT OF
PHARMACOLOGY
2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
OVERVIEW
DEFINITION TO ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES
DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES TO BE USED AS
ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL TESTING
1) Full thickness skin model (in vitro method)
2) In sillico methods
3) Cell line technique.
4) Patch clamp method
REFERNCE
5. OVERVIEW
Animal usage in scientific research and testing has raised
controversy and criticism for long.
A number of legislative initiatives have been proposed from time to
time to limit animal research, or ensure proper treatment of animals.
Animal welfare groups, or reformers, opposed various forms of
animal research due to the increased use of animals for developing
drugs and safety tests for pesticides.
6. ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES: DEFINITION:
The term ‘alternative’ is used to refer to those techniques or methods
that replace the use of laboratory animals altogether, reduce the
numbers of animals required, or refine an existing procedure or
technique to minimize the level of stress endured by the animal.
However, the field of alternatives study particularly in vitro toxicology
has evolved into a respected discipline and is attracting competent and
motivated scientists around the world.
7. It is not possible to replace whole animal models with in vitro
systems to evaluate drug effects on major organ systems.
However, techniques can greatly reduce the number of animals
needed, and refined protocols can improve the design efficiency
and quality of studies, and lessen stress and discomfort experienced
by lab animals.
Generally instrumented animal models can be reused in major
organ systems toxicology (MOST) for studies to evaluate more than
one drug.
8. DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES TO BE USED AS
ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL TESTING
1) Full thickness skin model (in vitro method)
2) In sillico methods
3) Cell line technique.
4) Patch clamp method.
9. 1) In-vitro methods
Cell and tissue cultures are used to test product ingredients.
Cell cultures are now also used routinely to test substances for
mutagenic properties.
Tissue cultures are additionally used to test substances for
compatibility with mucous membranes.
11. A test substance is applied to the Full Thickness Skin Model so that
its effect on the skin tissue can be systematically evaluated.
The substance, e.g. a cream formulation, is applied topically using a
brush. This can be done several times over a period of at least nine
days.
In this way, the effect of the substance on the cell layers in the skin
can be studied.
The standardized production of the model, in combination with its
special properties, makes it suitable for use as an in-vitro alternative
to animal testing
12. 2. In-sillico methods
Substances with similar chemical structures often have similar
properties.
In these cases, therefore, knowledge of the properties of a few
representative substances is sufficient to be able to deduce the
properties of a series of similar substances.
By analogy, certain properties of these representative substances can
also be assumed to be properties of the other substances in the series.
The required calculations are performed using specially developed
computer programs.
13. Only these selected substances will then have to be tested according
to the legally prescribed test methods.
It is anticipated that combinations of such calculations will make it
possible to narrow down the number of substances to be tested.
14. 3) Cell line technique
The term cell line refers to the propagation of culture after the
first subculture.
Once the primary culture is sub cultured, it becomes a cell line.
A cell line derived by selection or cloning is referred to as cell
strain.
Types of cell lines:
Finite cell line.
Continuous cell line.
15. SERIAL
NO
PROPERTIES FINITE CELL LINE
(with limited culture life
spans)
CONTINUOUS CELL LINE
(unlimited life )
1 Growth rate Slow Fast
2 Mode of growth Monolayer Suspension
3 Yield Low High
4 Transformation Normal Immortal,
Tumorigenic
5 Cloning efficiency Low High
6 Serum
requirement
High Low
7 Markers Tissue specific Chromosomal, antigenic.
16. APPLICATIONS OF CELL LINE
Screening of anti-cancer drugs
Cell based bioassays
To determine the cytotoxicity
In vitro screening of several drugs
Production of anti-viral vaccines
Cancer research, which require the study of uncontrolled cell
division in culture
Cell fusion technique, Genetic manipulation
Gene therapy, Recombinant DNA therapy
Biotechnology , Molecular biology……etc.
17. PATCH CLAMP TECHNIQUE
Patch clamp technique is a technique in electrophysiology that
allows the study of individual ion channels in cells.
The technique is used to study excitable cells such as neurons,
muscle fibers and the beta cells of the pancreas.
Use a pipette to pinch off a small region of membrane.
Provides access to:
the inside of the cell
a small region of membrane
18.
19. TYPES Of PATCH CLAMP:
A. On-cell
B. Inside Out
C. Whole Cell
D. Outside-Out
20. Applications of Patch Clamp Technique:
For the evaluation of antiarrhythmic agents.
In kidney cells.
Used for isolated ventricular myocytes from Guinea pigs to
study a cardio selective inhibition of the ATP sensitive potassium
channel.
To identify multiple types of calcium channels.
To measure the effect of potassium channel openers.
Used in the molecular biology.
Voltage clamp studies on sodium channels.
Used to investigate a wide range of electrophysiological cell
properties.
Measurement of cell membrane conductance.
