Hi. Welcome to OIZOM Academy. Lets begin with All you need to know about PM1. Particulate Matter is not a single air pollutant, but refers to a complex mixture of solids and aerosols of varying shape, size, and chemical composition. They are composed of various chemical species like organic compounds, inorganic ions, metallic compounds, elementary carbon, etc. They are either directly emitted from a source or are formed through the chemical reactions of other air pollutants such as NOx, SOx, VOCs in the atmosphere. As the impact of particulate matter exposure on human health directly depends on the size of the particles, they are classified by their diameter for air quality regulatory purposes. The particles with a diameter of 1 μm or less are collectively known as PM1. Sources of PM1 include marine aerosol, soil erosion, volcanic eruptions, and forest fires. Other sources are burning fossil fuels, agricultural processes, cooking & cigarette smoke, emission from diesel-powered vehicles, power generation, industrial processes, and so on. These ultra fine inhalable particles remain suspended into the air due to their negligible mass making humans more susceptible to exposure. PM1 particles are 400 times thinner than a human hair and travel deep into the lungs to the alveoli and may enter the bloodstream reaching other parts of the body. Initially, it causes irritation to eyes, nose, throat, and upper respiratory tracts, coughing, sneezing, and shortness of breath aggravating already present respiratory diseases. Prolonged exposure causes permanent respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, heart attacks, lung cancer, edema, etc. leading to premature death. PM1 alters the absorption and scattering of light in the atmosphere affecting visibility. They majorly contribute to smog formation. PM1 monitoring is an efficient way to detect high concentrations of particulate matter and prevent high-level exposures. Different working principles for monitoring particulate matter of all sizes in the ambient environment are Gravimetric, TOEM, Beta Attenuation, and Laser scattering. Oizom’ PM sensor works on the Active Sampling method of laser scattering that counts particulate matter using a highly accurate laser beam. Oizom’s Dustroid is an online particulate monitoring system that measures the concentration of various particulate sizes ranging from 1 micron to 100 microns such as PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and PM100 in the ambient air. Dustroid can be used for dust monitoring in areas with dust-laden activities like construction, mining, quarrying, ports, metallurgical processes, and many more. Real-time particulate matter monitoring using Dustroid can assist in dust suppression automation, for instance, to activate suppressants at the location once the threshold is breached. I hope you now know all about PM1. For any questions or suggestions, please contact us. Thank you and Happy Learning!

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Air Particulate Monitoring - PM1
All you need to know about...

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All you need to know about air particulate monitoring PM1WHAT IS PM1?
PM1 is a complex mixture of microscopic solid and
aerosols with a diameter of 1 μm or less. These ultra-
fine inhalable particles are composed various chemical
species like organic compounds, inorganic ios, metallic
compounds, elementary carbon, etc.
They are more than 400 times thinner than a human
hair and can penetrate directly through lungs into
the bloodstream when inhaled.
PM1 particles remain suspended into the air due to their negligible mass and undergo
various transformations making them more susceptible to exposure.

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All you need to know about air particulate monitoring PM1SOURCES
Particulate matter PM1 are either directly emitted from a source - Primary PM or are
formed through the chemical reactions of gases such as oxides of sulfur (SOx), nitrogen
oxides (NOx), organic compounds, etc. in the atmosphere - Secondary PM.
Natural sources: marine aerosol, soil erosion, volcanic eruptions, and forest fires.
Anthropogenic Sources:
● Burning fossil fuels such as gasoline, oil, diesel, coal or wood, etc.
● Agricultural processes
● Cooking and cigarette smoke.
● Emission from motor vehicle exhaust, specifically diesel-powered.
● Emission from power plants and industrial combustion processes

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All you need to know about air particulate monitoring PM1ADVERSE IMPACTS
HEALTH IMPACTS OF PM1
● PM1 particles travel deep into the lungs to the alveoli and
may enter the bloodstream reaching other parts of the body.
● They can damage the inner walls of the arteries and can
penetrate the tissues, potentially spreading through the organs
and damaging them.
● Initially it causes irritation to eyes, nose, throat, and upper
respiratory tracts, coughing, sneezing, and shortness of breath
aggravating already present respiratory diseases.
● Prolonged exposure causes permanent respiratory diseases
such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, heart attacks, lung
cancer, edema, etc. leading to premature death.

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All you need to know about air particulate monitoring PM1ADVERSE IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF PM1
● PM1 alters the absorption and scattering of light in
the atmosphere affecting visibility. They are major
precursors of smog.
● Settling of PM on plant, soil and water ecosystems
have negative impact.
● The metal and organic compounds reduce plant
growth and yield while the deposition of PM into
water bodies affects its quality and clarity.
● Some components of PM such as black carbon promote climate warming while
some components such as sulfates and nitrates have cooling properties.

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All you need to know about air particulate monitoring PM1CORRECTIVE MEASURES
The primary action is air particulate monitoring to identify the areas with high particulate
levels. In addition to this, the following corrective measures can be taken:
● Limit outdoor activities and close windows and vents during times of high air
pollution.
● Avoid keeping your vehicle idle for long.
● Avoid areas with traffic congestions, construction activities, or unpaved roads.
Breathing such polluted air daily also leads to health effects in the long run.
● Eliminate the use of the fireplace, wood stove, gas-powered lawn, or garden
equipment.
● Eliminate open burning of leaves, trash or other materials.

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All you need to know about air particulate monitoring PM1MONITORING METHODS
High-volume Gravimetric Method
The air particulate monitors based on the gravimetric
principle takes in the ambient air for 24 hours at a
constant flow rate through a size-selective inlet that only
allows particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter
of 1 µm or less to pass through.
PM1 present in the ambient air is collected on a pre
weighted and pre-conditioned filter which is weighted
again after 24-hours to determine the mass of PM
collected which is proportional to the PM1 concentration.

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All you need to know about air particulate monitoring PM1MONITORING METHODS
Beta Attenuation Monitor (BAM)
The air particulate monitoring based on the BAM principle
measures the particle mass density using beta radiation
attenuation.
The particulates in the ambient air drawn into the PM1
monitor are deposited on a paper-band filter and exposed
to beta rays (i.e. electrons with energies in the 0.01 to 0.1
MeV range) which get attenuated as a function of the
particulate mass. The beta count reduces with an increase
in the PM1 mass and is recorded by the detector and
converted to concentration.

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All you need to know about air particulate monitoring PM1MONITORING METHODS
Laser Scattering
The air particulate monitor based on the physical
principle of light scattering, also known as optical
particle counter (OPC), measures dust particles
illuminated by laser light at a 90° angle.
The light scattered from each particle is collected at
approximately 90° by a mirror and detected by a
photodiode and fed into a multi-channel size classifier
where a pulse height analyzer is used to classify the
pulse that is proportional to the particle size PM1. The
counts in the PM1 channel are converted to
concentration.

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All you need to know about air particulate monitoring PM1OIZOM’S PRINCIPLE
Oizom’s DUSTROID is an online particulate
monitoring system that measures the
concentration of various particulate matter with
size ranging from 1 micron to 100 microns such
as PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and PM100 in the ambient air.
The sensor that measures PM1 work on active
sampling method of laser scattering that
counts particulate matter using a highly
accurate laser beam.
Real-time air particulate monitoring helps in
determining the quality of air as well as
formulating an action plan to control high
levels of PM1 pollution.