The document is a report on environmental chemistry and different types of pollution. It discusses water pollution, air pollution, and soil pollution. It describes the causes of each type of pollution and provides examples. For air pollution specifically, it details the primary and secondary pollutants, major pollutant sources like combustion of fossil fuels and their effects like respiratory problems. It concludes with solutions to air pollution like using public transport, conserving energy, and emphasizing clean energy resources.
This project contains topic "Effect of sodium carbonate on foaming capacity of Soap" with several observations to help class XII students for their projects.
Many forms of atmospheric pollution affect human health
and the environment at levels from local to global. These
contaminants are emitted from diverse sources, and some
of them react together to form new compounds in the air.
Industrialized nations have made important progress toward controlling some pollutants in recent decades, but air quality is much worse in many developing countries, and global circulation patterns can transport some types of pollution rapidly around the world. In this unit, discover the basic chemistry of atmospheric pollution and learn which human activities have the greatest impacts on air quality.
CBSE Biology investigatory project class 12 on population interactionsiddhesh saigaonkar
CBSE Biology investigatory project class 12 on population interaction/ class 12 project report / biology project /population project /environment project
Air pollution; presentation by Subrat, Vishal, Ashley.. Project Guide: Dr. Ta...Dr. Tanuja Nautiyal
Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful gases into Earth's atmosphere, causing disease, death to humans, damage to other living organisms such as food crops, or the natural or built environment.
This one is a Chemistry investigatory project done on the topic 'Which Shampoo Is The Best?'. We have so many brands of shampoos currently available in the market. So, using the basic knowledge of science (or chemistry), we can make sure to ourselves which kinda shampoo is the best. There's nothing but we have taken various brands of shampoos ( like L’Oreal®, Dove®, Head & Shoulders®, Garnier Fructis®, Sunsilk®, TreSemmé®.
Both for class 11th and 12th.
I have given you the outfit... experiment is up to you...ALL THE BEST...
Introduction of water pollution,What is water Pollution,what are the main Types of water Pollution,What are the main types of water pollution,How do we know when water is polluted,what are the causes of water pollution,what are the effects of water pollution,how can we step water pollution,Our clean future.
This a presentation about the Air pollution and its causes & effects for the educational uses
It describe the definitions, types, info diagrams, sources, effects, and their controls
I hope this science could be a benefit for anyone who search the information
This project contains topic "Effect of sodium carbonate on foaming capacity of Soap" with several observations to help class XII students for their projects.
Many forms of atmospheric pollution affect human health
and the environment at levels from local to global. These
contaminants are emitted from diverse sources, and some
of them react together to form new compounds in the air.
Industrialized nations have made important progress toward controlling some pollutants in recent decades, but air quality is much worse in many developing countries, and global circulation patterns can transport some types of pollution rapidly around the world. In this unit, discover the basic chemistry of atmospheric pollution and learn which human activities have the greatest impacts on air quality.
CBSE Biology investigatory project class 12 on population interactionsiddhesh saigaonkar
CBSE Biology investigatory project class 12 on population interaction/ class 12 project report / biology project /population project /environment project
Air pollution; presentation by Subrat, Vishal, Ashley.. Project Guide: Dr. Ta...Dr. Tanuja Nautiyal
Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful gases into Earth's atmosphere, causing disease, death to humans, damage to other living organisms such as food crops, or the natural or built environment.
This one is a Chemistry investigatory project done on the topic 'Which Shampoo Is The Best?'. We have so many brands of shampoos currently available in the market. So, using the basic knowledge of science (or chemistry), we can make sure to ourselves which kinda shampoo is the best. There's nothing but we have taken various brands of shampoos ( like L’Oreal®, Dove®, Head & Shoulders®, Garnier Fructis®, Sunsilk®, TreSemmé®.
Both for class 11th and 12th.
I have given you the outfit... experiment is up to you...ALL THE BEST...
Introduction of water pollution,What is water Pollution,what are the main Types of water Pollution,What are the main types of water pollution,How do we know when water is polluted,what are the causes of water pollution,what are the effects of water pollution,how can we step water pollution,Our clean future.
This a presentation about the Air pollution and its causes & effects for the educational uses
It describe the definitions, types, info diagrams, sources, effects, and their controls
I hope this science could be a benefit for anyone who search the information
I didn't put some effects on it because it was really a rush file. What is Pollution? What is Pollutant? Ecological View of Pollution? What are the types of Pollution?
Environmental chemistry is the study of the chemical and biochemical processes that occur in natural environments, including air, water, soil, and living organisms. It involves understanding the chemical properties and behavior of natural substances, such as minerals, gases, and organic matter, as well as the impact of human activities on the environment.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
Chemistry - environmental pollution
1. Acknowledgement
I owe a great many thanks to many people who
helped & supported me during the preparation of
my project.
I would like to thank my chemistry teacher, whose
valuable guidance has been the once that helped
me patch this project and make it full proof
success his suggestions and his instructions has
served as the major contributor towards the
completion of the project.
Then I would like to thank my parents and friends
who have helped me their valuable suggestions
and guidance has been helpful in various phrases
of the completion of the project.
I thank everyone once again & especially God,
who made all things possible.
2. INTRODUCTION
Environmental chemistry is the scientific study of the chemical and biochemical
phenomena that occur in natural places. Itcan be defined as the study of the
sources, reactions, transport, effects, and fates of chemical species in the air,
soil, and water environments; and the effect of human activity and biological
activity on these. Environmentalchemistry is an interdisciplinary science that
includes atmospheric, aquatic and soil chemistry, as well as heavily relying on
analytical chemistry and being related to environmental and other areas of
science.
Environmental chemistry is the study of chemical processes occurring in the
environmentwhich are impacted by humankind's activities. These impacts may
be felt on a local scale, through the presenceof urban air pollutants or toxic
substances arising froma chemical wastesite, or on a global scale, through
depletion of stratospheric ozoneor global warming.
Environmental chemistry involves firstunderstanding how the uncontaminated
environmentworks, which chemicals in what concentrations are present
naturally, and with whateffects. Without this it would be impossible to
accurately study the effects humans haveon the environmentthrough the
release of chemicals.
3. Different Types of Pollution and Its Causes
The main types of pollution are: -
Water Pollution - As the name suggests, “Water Pollution” is the type of
pollution that involves the contamination of various water bodies. Various
aquatic creatures depend on these water bodies and its natural nutritious
features to supportits life.
Causes of Water Pollution:
o Industrialwastegets dumped into these water bodies. This causes a
chemical imbalance in the water leading to death of the aquatic
beings.
o Insecticides, pesticides and ripening chemicals that are used on
plants run into the ground water system or nearby streams.
o Certain natural disasters like flash floods and hurricanes causethe
intermixing of water with harmfulsubstances on the land.
People can take certain preventable measures to stop water pollution like
being more cautious of dumping contaminants onto the water. For the repair
of the damage that has already been done, water treatment plants are being
constructed with innovativetechniques to clean the polluted water. But as
always, a certain partof the damage can be resolved therefore, it is better to
prevent water pollution as water is basic need for the survivalof man.
Air Pollution - The contamination of the air present in the atmosphereis
known as “Air pollution”. Respiration is an important life process of all living
things. We breathe in the air present in the atmosphere. Therefore, if the air
around us is contaminated with poisonous gases, it would have a fatal effect
on us. The air naturally comprises of 78% of nitrogen, 21% of oxygen, 0.9% of
4. oxide gases and 0.1% of inert gases. When this balance is disturbed, it causes
disruptions of severeproportions.
Causes of Air Pollution:
o Partially combusted exhaust gases released from internal combustion
engines add poisonous gases into the atmosphere.
o Certain industries release some gases like Sulphur dioxide and carbon
monoxide which mix with the air and clouds and cause acid rains.
o Burning of discarded plastic, wood and rubber also release carcinogenic
gases into the atmosphere.
Air pollution is very much fatal to living things as almost all living beings respire
directly fromthe atmospherewithout undergoing any treatment like water.
Hence use of catalytic converters in vehicles, preventing the burning of used
products, leaving vehicles running for lengthy periods of time during halts and
such environment friendly actions.
Soil Pollution - Stripping soil of its natural fertility by using artificial chemicals
like pesticides, insecticides, ripening agents etc. is known as “Soil Pollution”.
Plants depend on the nitrogenous compounds presentin the soil for their
nutrition. Use of insecticides, pesticides and other artificial chemicals absorbs
the nitrogen from the soil making it unfit for the growth for plants. Plants are
responsiblefor holding the soiltogether firmly so, when the plants can’t grow
the soil splits, leading to soil erosion.
Conclusion – Pollution in all its various forms causes immensedamage
covering all possibleaspects that can be damaged. Therefore, it is important to
prevent all these forms to look forward to a greener cleaner and much more
pleasant living experience.
5. Atmospheric Pollution
Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other
harmfulmaterials into Earth's atmosphere, causing disease, death to humans,
damage to other living organisms such as food crops, or the naturalor built
environment. Air pollution may come from anthropogenic or natural sources.
The atmosphere is a complex natural gaseous system that is essential to
supportlife on planet Earth. Stratospheric ozonedepletion due to air pollution
has been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth's
ecosystems. Indoor air pollution and urban air quality are listed as two of the
world’s worsttoxic pollution problems in the 2008 Blacksmith InstituteWorld's
WorstPolluted Places report. According to the 2014 WHO report, air pollution
in 2012 caused the deaths of around 7 million people worldwide.
Pollutants - An air pollutant is a substancein the air that can have adverse
effects on humans and the ecosystem. The substancecan be solid particles,
liquid droplets, or gases. A pollutant can be of natural origin or man-made.
Types of Pollutants:
In order to understand the causes of Air pollution, severaldivisions can be
made. Primarily air pollutants can be caused by primary sources or secondary
sources. Thepollutants that are a direct result of the process can be called
primary pollutants. A classic example of a primary pollutant would be the
sulfur-dioxideemitted fromfactories
Secondary pollutants arethe ones that are caused by the inter mingling and
reactions of primary pollutants. Smog created by the interactions of several
primary pollutants is known to be as secondary pollutant.
Some common air pollutants and their major sources:
Pollutant Major pollutant source
CO Transportation, auto exhaust, petroleum, paper industries.
SO2 Metallurgical operations, combustion of coal and oil.
NO, NO2 Fertilizer industries, explosive industries.
Cl2 Industrial process such as paper, plastic, dyes, etc.
Hydrocarbons Petroleum refineries, chemical processes, solid waste
disposal, rubber manufacture.
6. Particulates Volcanic eruptions, metallurgical operations.
Major Primary Pollutants:
Sulfur oxides (SOx) - particularly sulfur dioxide, a chemical compound
with the formula SO2. SO2 is produced by volcanoes and in various
industrial processes. Coaland petroleum often contain sulfur
compounds, and their combustion generates sulfur dioxide. Further
oxidation of SO2, usually in the presence of a catalystsuch as NO2,
forms H2SO4, and thus acid rain. This is one of the causes for concern
over the environmental impact of the use of these fuels as power
sources.
Nitrogenoxides (NOx) - Nitrogen oxides, particularly nitrogen dioxide,
are expelled from high temperature combustion, and are also produced
during thunderstorms by electric discharge. They can be seen as a brown
haze dome above or a plume downwind of cities. Nitrogen dioxide is a
chemical compound with the formula NO2. Itis one of severalnitrogen
oxides. Oneof the mostprominent air pollutants, this reddish-brown
toxic gas has a characteristic sharp, biting odor.
Secondary Pollutants:
Particulates created from gaseous primary pollutants and compounds in
photochemical smog. Smog is a kind of air pollution. Classic smog results
fromlarge amounts of coal burning in an area caused by a mixture of
smokeand sulfur dioxide. Modern smog does not usually come from
coal but from vehicular and industrialemissions that are acted on in the
atmosphereby ultraviolet light from the sun to form secondary
pollutants that also combine with the primary emissions to form
photochemical smog.
Ground level ozone(O3) formed from NOx and VOCs. Ozone(O3) is a
key constituent of the troposphere. Itis also an important constituent of
certain regions of the stratospherecommonly known as the Ozonelayer.
Photochemical and chemical reactions involving it drivemany of the
chemical processes thatoccur in the atmosphereby day and by night. At
abnormally high concentrations broughtabout by human activities
(largely the combustion of fossilfuel), it is a pollutant, and a constituent
of smog.
7. Causes of Air pollution: -
1. Burning of Fossil Fuels: Sulfur dioxideemitted from the combustion of
fossilfuels like coal, petroleum and other factory combustibles is one
the major causeof air pollution. Pollution emitting from vehicles
including trucks, jeeps, cars, trains, airplanes causeimmense amount of
pollution. We rely on them to fulfill our daily basic needs of
transportation. But their overuseis killing our environmentas
dangerous gases arepolluting the environment. Carbon Monoxide
caused by improper or incomplete combustion and generally emitted
fromvehicles is another major pollutant along with Nitrogen Oxides
that is produced from both natural and man-made processes.
2. Agricultural activities: Ammonia is a very common by productfrom
agriculture related activities and is one of the mosthazardous gases in
the atmosphere. Useof insecticides, pesticides and fertilizers in
agricultural activities has grown quite a lot. They emit harmfulchemicals
into the air and can also cause water pollution.
3. Exhaust from factories andindustries: Manufacturing industries release
large amount of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, organic compounds,
and chemicals into the air thereby depleting the quality of air.
Manufacturing industries can be found at every corner of the earth and
there is no area that has not been affected by it. Petroleum refineries
also release hydrocarbons and various other chemicals that pollute the
air and also cause land pollution.
4. Mining operations: Mining is a process wherein minerals below the
earth are extracted using large equipment’s. During the process dust
and chemicals are released in the air causing massiveair pollution. This
is one of the reasons which is responsiblefor the deteriorating health
conditions of workers and nearby residents.
5. Indoor air pollution: Household cleaning products, painting supplies
emit toxic chemicals in the air and cause air pollution. Haveyou ever
noticed that once you paint walls of your house, it creates some sortof
smell which makes it literally impossible for you to breathe?
Suspended particulate matter popular by its acronym SPM, is another causeof
pollution. Referring to the particles afloat in the air, SPM is usually caused by
dust, combustion etc.
8. Effects of Air pollution:-
1) Respiratory andheart problems -Theeffects of Air pollution are
alarming. They are known to create severalrespiratory and heart
conditions along with Cancer, among other threats to the body. Several
millions are known to have died due to direct or indirect effects of Air
pollution. Children in areas exposed to air pollutants aresaid to
commonly suffer frompneumonia and asthma.
2) Global warming - Another direct effect is the immediate alterations that
the world is witnessing due to Global warming. With increased
temperatures worldwide, increasein sea levels and melting of ice from
colder regions and icebergs, displacement and loss of habitat have
already signaled an impending disaster if actions for preservation and
normalization aren’t undertaken soon.
3) AcidRain - Harmfulgases like nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides are
released into the atmosphereduring the burning of fossilfuels. When it
rains, the water droplets combine with these air pollutants, becomes
acidic and then falls on the ground in the form of acid rain. Acid rain can
causegreat damage to human, animals and crops.
4) Eutrophication - Eutrophication is a condition wherehigh amount of
nitrogen presentin somepollutants gets developed on sea’s surfaceand
turns itself into algae and adversely affect fish, plants and animal
species. The green colored algae that is presenton lakes and ponds is
due to presence of this chemical only.
5) Effect on Wildlife - Justlike humans, animals also face somedevastating
effects of air pollution. Toxic chemicals presentin the air can force
wildlife species to move to new place and change their habitat. The
toxic pollutants deposit over the surfaceof the water and can also affect
sea animals.
6) Depletionof Ozone layer - Ozoneexists in earth’s stratosphereand is
responsiblefor protecting humans from harmfulultraviolet (UV) rays.
Earth’s ozonelayer is depleting due to the presenceof
chlorofluorocarbons, hydro chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere. As
ozonelayer will go thin, it will emit harmfulrays back on earth and can
causeskin and eye related problems. UV rays also have the capability to
affect crops.
9. When you try to study the sources of Air pollution, you enlist a series of
activities and interactions that create these pollutants. There are two
types of sources that we will take a look at: Natural sources and Man-
made sources.
Natural sources of pollution include dustcarried by the wind from
locations with very little or no green cover, gases released from the
body processes of living beings (Carbon dioxide from humans during
respiration, Methane from cattle during digestion, Oxygen from plants
during Photosynthesis). Smokefrom thecombustion of various
inflammable objects, volcanic eruptions etc. along with the emission of
polluted gases also make it to the list of Natural sources of Pollution.
While looking at the man-made contributions towards air pollution, smoke
again features as a prominent component. The smokeemitted from various
forms of combustion like in bio mass, factories, vehicles, furnaces etc. Waste
used to create landfills generate methane that is harmful in severalways. The
reactions of certain gases and chemicals also form harmfulfumes that can be
dangerous to the well-being of living creatures.
Solutions for Air Pollution:-
1. Use public mode of transportation: Encouragepeopleto use more and
more public modes of transportation to reduce pollution. Also, try to
make useof carpooling. If you and your colleagues come from the same
locality and have same timings you can explore this option to save
energy and money.
2. Conserve energy: Switch off fans and lights when you are going out.
Large amountof fossilfuels is burntto produce electricity. You can save
the environmentfromdegradation by reducing the amount of fossil
fuels to be burned.
3. Understandthe concept of Reduce, Reuse andRecycle: Do notthrow
away items that are of no use to you. In-factreusethem for someother
purpose. For e.g. you can use old jars to storecereals or pulses.
4. Emphasis on cleanenergy resources: Clean energy technologies like
solar, wind and geothermal are on high these days. Governments of
various countries havebeen providing grants to consumers who are
10. interested in installing solar panels for their home. This will go a long
way to curb air pollution.
5. Use energy efficient devices: CFL lights consume less electricity as
against their counterparts. They live longer, consumeless electricity,
lower electricity bills and also help you to reduce pollution by
consuming less energy.
Several attempts are being made worldwideon a personal, industrialand
governmentallevels to curb the intensity at which Air Pollution is rising and
regain a balance as far as the proportions of the foundation gases are
concerned. This is a direct attempt at slacking Global warming. Weare seeing a
series of innovations and experiments aimed at alternate and unconventional
options to reduce pollutants. Air Pollution is one of the larger mirrors of man’s
follies, and a challenge we need to overcometo see a tomorrow.
11. INDEX
1) Acknowledgement
2) Introduction:
Environmental Chemistry
Different types of pollution and its causes – Water Pollution
Air Pollution
Soil Pollution
3) Air pollution:
i. Types of pollutants
ii. Causes of air pollution
iii. Effect of air pollution
iv. Solutions of air pollution
4) Bibliography