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photochemicalsmog.pptx
- 4. Photochemical Smog isan air pollution ,formed when photons of sunlight hit molecules of different kinds of pollutants in the atmosphere
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- 6. NITROGEN OXIDE mostlycomes from the smoke of vehicles and Trucks ,contact of this with sunlight results in the smog formation
- 7. Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) are emitted as gases from certain solids or liquids. VOCs include a variety of chemicals, some of which may have short- and long-term adverse health effects. VOCs are emitted by a wide array of products numbering in the thousands. Examples : paints pesticides, building materials and furnishings, glues and adhesives etc
- 8. Peroxyacetyl Nitrate Definition(PAN):PANsare secondary pollutants, which means they are not directly emitted as exhaust from power plants or internal combustion engines, but they are formed from other pollutants by chemical reactions in the atmosphere INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES POWER PLANTS
- 9. It can causeanything from minor pain to deadly diseases such as lung cancer ,wheezing . Smog slowly ruins people's lungs to an extent as great as that of cigarettes.
- 10. Smog can irritateand inflame pulmonary membranes, causing chest pains, coughing, and throat irritation. Other illnesses such as colds and pneumonia can also be brought on by exposure to smog. People with asthma problems are under an even greater threat. Even minor exposure to smog may cause these people to get asthma attacks. Smog slowly ruins people's lungs to an extent as great as that of cigarettes.
- 12. photochemical smog environmental effects Someplants such as tobacco, tomato and spinach are highly responsive to ozone, so photochemical smog can decimate these sensitive crops, trees and other vegetation. Ozone causes necrotic (dead) patterns on the upper surfaces of the leaves of trees. Ground-level ozone also can interfere with the growth and productivity of trees. The effects of smog on animals are also similar to its effect on humans; it decreases lung capacity and lung elasticity.
- 14. i. Try touse the vehicles at minimal level and check the engine’s smoke emission frequently ii. Prevent high usage of coals,which result in heavy smog iii. Reduction of fumes from metal-working and other industrial plants; iv. Buy green electricity-produced by low-or even zero-pollution facilities. v. Reduce pesticide use. vi. Consumers can reduce VOC emissions by avoiding paints with labels thatclearly indicate VOC limits are high. Switching to water-based paint is also useful.
- 15. “Smog Watch” isa pollution prevention program targeted Toward getting Individuals to reduce their smog-producing activities during summer hot spells. The goal of the Smog Watch program is to make sure we don't exceed the federal health standard for ozone. At the same time, we are safeguarding the health of our citizens.When weather conditions and air monitoring data indicate the probability of elevated smog levels in the next 48 hours, we will ask meteorologists, traffic reporters, news media, local businesses and other public agencies to encourage people to make voluntary changesto avoid further elevation of smog levels.
- 16. How can wereduce the occurrence of photochemical smog? 1. Reduction of nitrogen oxide A catalytic converter fitted to a car's exhaust system will convert much of the nitric oxide from the engine exhaust gases to nitrogen and oxygen. Using less air in combustion can reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides. 2. Reduction of VOCs These include the use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or compressed natural gas (CNG) rather than petrol, decreasing distances vehicles travel by using other modes of transport, such as buses and bikes, and implementing various engine and emission controls now being developed by manufacturers. The other major contributor to VOC emissions, however, is not as simple to police because solvent evaporation occurs in many different places, from large factories to backyard sheds. Control strategies to reduce these emissions must be widely varied.