Photochemical smog is formed when sunlight reacts with nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere. Nitrogen oxides primarily come from vehicle and truck exhaust, while volatile organic compounds are emitted from numerous sources like paints, pesticides, and building materials. When these pollutants react in the presence of sunlight, they form secondary pollutants like peroxyacetyl nitrate which can cause respiratory issues in humans. Exposure to smog has been linked to diseases like lung cancer and can negatively impact vegetation and animals as well. Reducing emissions from vehicles, industry, and consumer products can help lower photochemical smog levels.

4. Photochemical Smog is an
air pollution ,formed when
photons of sunlight hit
molecules of different
kinds of pollutants in the
atmosphere

5. NITROGEN
OXIDES
VOLATILE
ORGANIC
COMPOUND
PEROXYACYTLY
NITRATE
PHOTOCHEMICAL
SMOG

6. NITROGEN OXIDE mostly comes
from the smoke of vehicles and
Trucks ,contact
of this with
sunlight results
in the smog
formation

7. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted as gases from
certain solids or liquids. VOCs include a variety of chemicals,
some of which may have short- and long-term adverse health
effects. VOCs are emitted by
a wide array of products
numbering in the thousands.
Examples :
paints pesticides,
building materials and
furnishings, glues and
adhesives etc

8. Peroxyacetyl Nitrate Definition(PAN):PANs are
secondary pollutants, which means they are not directly
emitted as exhaust from power plants or internal combustion
engines, but they are formed from other pollutants by chemical
reactions in the atmosphere
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES POWER PLANTS

9. It can cause anything from minor pain to deadly diseases
such as lung cancer ,wheezing . Smog slowly ruins people's
lungs to an extent as great as that of cigarettes.

10. Smog can irritate and inflame pulmonary membranes,
causing chest pains, coughing, and throat irritation.
Other illnesses such as colds and pneumonia
can also be brought on by exposure to smog.
People with asthma problems are under
an even greater threat. Even minor
exposure to smog may cause these people
to get asthma attacks.
Smog slowly ruins people's lungs to an
extent as great as that of cigarettes.

12. photochemical smog
environmental effects
Some plants such as tobacco, tomato
and spinach are highly responsive to
ozone, so photochemical smog can
decimate these sensitive crops, trees
and other vegetation. Ozone causes
necrotic (dead) patterns on the upper
surfaces of the leaves of trees.
Ground-level ozone also can interfere
with the growth and productivity of
trees. The effects of smog on animals
are also similar to its effect on
humans; it decreases lung capacity
and lung elasticity.

14. i. Try to use the vehicles at minimal level and check the engine’s smoke emission
frequently
ii. Prevent high usage of coals,which result in heavy smog
iii. Reduction of fumes from metal-working and other industrial plants;
iv. Buy green electricity-produced by low-or even zero-pollution facilities.
v. Reduce pesticide use.
vi. Consumers can reduce VOC emissions by avoiding paints with
labels thatclearly indicate VOC limits are high. Switching to
water-based paint is also useful.

15. “Smog Watch” is a pollution prevention program targeted
Toward getting Individuals to reduce their smog-producing
activities during summer hot spells. The goal of the Smog Watch
program is to make sure we don't exceed the federal health
standard for ozone. At the same time, we are safeguarding the
health of our citizens.When weather conditions and air monitoring
data indicate the probability of elevated smog levels in the next 48
hours, we will ask meteorologists, traffic reporters, news media,
local businesses and other public agencies to encourage people to
make voluntary changesto avoid further elevation of smog levels.

16. How can we reduce the
occurrence of
photochemical smog?
1. Reduction of nitrogen oxide
A catalytic converter fitted to a car's exhaust system
will convert much of the nitric oxide from the engine
exhaust gases to nitrogen and oxygen.
Using less air in combustion can reduce emissions of
nitrogen oxides.
2. Reduction of VOCs
These include the use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
or compressed natural gas (CNG) rather than petrol,
decreasing distances vehicles travel by using other
modes of transport, such as buses and bikes, and
implementing various engine and emission controls
now being developed by manufacturers.
The other major contributor to VOC emissions,
however, is not as simple to police because solvent
evaporation occurs in many different places, from large
factories to backyard sheds. Control strategies to
reduce these emissions must be widely varied.