ALIPHATIC AMINES
REACTIONS OF ALIPHATIC
AMINES
Alkylation Reaction
Hofmann’s Reaction
Acylation
Reaction with nitrous acid
Carbylamine formation
Oxidation
Reaction with Grignard
reagent
Alkylation of
amines
R NH2 R2NH R3N R4NH X
-+
RX+RX
-HX
+RX
-HX
primary
amine secondary
amine
tertiary
amine
quartenary
ammonium
salt
C6 5
H NH2 + CH3I C6 5
H NHCH3 + HI
aniline
methyl
aniline
C6 5
H NHCH3 + CH3 I
methyl
aniline
C6H5 N(CH3)2 + HI
N,N-Dimethyl aniline
Hofmann’s
elimination
R4N X
-+
R4 N OH
-+
+ AgX
3HC N
CH3
CH3
CH2CH2CH2OH
-
NH3C
CH3
CH3
+ CH2 CH CH3 + H2O
propene
trimethyl
aminetrimethyl n propyl
ammonuim hydroxide
Acylation of amines
RNH2 + R'COCl R'CONHR + HCl
acid
chloride
RNH2 + C6H5SO2Cl C6H5SO2NHR + HCl
R2NH + CH3SO2Cl C6H5SO2NR2 + HCl
C2H5NH2 + CH3COCl C2H5NHCOCH3 + HCl
phenyl sulphonyl
chloride
n ethyl acetamide
ethylamine acetyl
chloride
(CH3)2NH + C6H5COCl (CH3)2NCOC6H5 + HCl
N,N-Dimethyl
benzamide
NH2
CH3
+ (CH3CO)2O
+ CH3COOH
NHCOCH3
CH3
Reaction with Nitrous
acid
R NH2 + HONO ROH + N2 + H2O
C2H5NH2 + HONO C2H5OH + N2 + H2O
R2NH2 + HONO R2N N O + H2O
eg:
eg:
(CH3)2NH + HONO (CH3)2N N O
+ H2O
primary
amine
secondary
amine
C6H5 NH CH3 + HONO C6H5 N N O
CH3
+ H2O
N-Nitroso N methyl
aniline
N-methylaniline
R3N + HNO2 R3NHNO2
tertiary
amine
Carbylamine reaction
C2H5NH2 + CHCl3 + KOH C2H5NC + 3KCl + 3H2O
ethyl
amine
chloro
form
carbylamine
R NH2 + S C S
HgCl2
R NH C S + H2S
alkylisothio
cyanate
R2NH + S C S S C
SH
NR2
mustard oil reaction
oxidation
R CH2NH2 R
KMnO4
(O)
CH NH
H2O
RCHO + NH3
R
H
C
NH2R'
KMnO4
(O)
R C NH
R'
R C O
R'
+ NH3
KMnO4
(O)
2R2NH R N N R
R R
tertra alkyl
hydrazine
+ H2O
primary
amine
secondary
amine
R N
R
R
H2O2
(O)
R3 O
+ _
amine oxide
tertuary
amine
Reaction with Grignard reagent
RNH2 + R'MgX RNHMgX + R'H
alkanegrignard
reagent
R
NH
R
+ R'MgX R'H +
R NMgX
R
+ R'H
LETS GO AHEAD & SEE AGAIN

Aliphatic amines part III

  • 1.
  • 2.
    REACTIONS OF ALIPHATIC AMINES AlkylationReaction Hofmann’s Reaction Acylation Reaction with nitrous acid Carbylamine formation Oxidation Reaction with Grignard reagent
  • 3.
    Alkylation of amines R NH2R2NH R3N R4NH X -+ RX+RX -HX +RX -HX primary amine secondary amine tertiary amine quartenary ammonium salt C6 5 H NH2 + CH3I C6 5 H NHCH3 + HI aniline methyl aniline C6 5 H NHCH3 + CH3 I methyl aniline C6H5 N(CH3)2 + HI N,N-Dimethyl aniline
  • 4.
    Hofmann’s elimination R4N X -+ R4 NOH -+ + AgX 3HC N CH3 CH3 CH2CH2CH2OH - NH3C CH3 CH3 + CH2 CH CH3 + H2O propene trimethyl aminetrimethyl n propyl ammonuim hydroxide
  • 5.
    Acylation of amines RNH2+ R'COCl R'CONHR + HCl acid chloride RNH2 + C6H5SO2Cl C6H5SO2NHR + HCl R2NH + CH3SO2Cl C6H5SO2NR2 + HCl C2H5NH2 + CH3COCl C2H5NHCOCH3 + HCl phenyl sulphonyl chloride n ethyl acetamide ethylamine acetyl chloride (CH3)2NH + C6H5COCl (CH3)2NCOC6H5 + HCl N,N-Dimethyl benzamide NH2 CH3 + (CH3CO)2O + CH3COOH NHCOCH3 CH3
  • 6.
    Reaction with Nitrous acid RNH2 + HONO ROH + N2 + H2O C2H5NH2 + HONO C2H5OH + N2 + H2O R2NH2 + HONO R2N N O + H2O eg: eg: (CH3)2NH + HONO (CH3)2N N O + H2O primary amine secondary amine
  • 7.
    C6H5 NH CH3+ HONO C6H5 N N O CH3 + H2O N-Nitroso N methyl aniline N-methylaniline R3N + HNO2 R3NHNO2 tertiary amine
  • 8.
    Carbylamine reaction C2H5NH2 +CHCl3 + KOH C2H5NC + 3KCl + 3H2O ethyl amine chloro form carbylamine R NH2 + S C S HgCl2 R NH C S + H2S alkylisothio cyanate R2NH + S C S S C SH NR2 mustard oil reaction
  • 9.
    oxidation R CH2NH2 R KMnO4 (O) CHNH H2O RCHO + NH3 R H C NH2R' KMnO4 (O) R C NH R' R C O R' + NH3 KMnO4 (O) 2R2NH R N N R R R tertra alkyl hydrazine + H2O primary amine secondary amine R N R R H2O2 (O) R3 O + _ amine oxide tertuary amine
  • 10.
    Reaction with Grignardreagent RNH2 + R'MgX RNHMgX + R'H alkanegrignard reagent R NH R + R'MgX R'H + R NMgX R + R'H
  • 11.
    LETS GO AHEAD& SEE AGAIN