This document summarizes research on accurately modeling multilayer transmission lines using finite element modeling. It describes modeling both asymmetric and symmetric coupled microstrip configurations on two-layer substrates. For the asymmetric case, it calculates the capacitance matrix and presents potential distributions. For the symmetric case of four lines, it calculates the capacitance and inductance matrices and characteristic impedances, as well as potential distributions. The research provides solutions for modeling high-speed digital interconnects and extracting important electrical parameters for signal analysis.
Modeling of Multilayer Transmission Lines for High-Speed Digital InterconnectsIJERA Editor
In this paper, we consider the finite element modeling of multilayer transmission lines for high-speed digital
interconnects. We mainly focused on the modeling of the transmission structures with both cases of symmetric
and asymmetric geometries. We specifically designed asymmetric coupled microstrips and four-line symmetric
coupled microstrips with a two-layer substrate. We computed the capacitance matrix for asymmetric coupled
microstrips and the capacitance, inductance, and impedance matrices for four-line symmetric coupled
microstrips on a two-layer substrate. We also provide the potential distribution spectrums of the models and
their meshing analysis.
Temperatures effects on cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer structuresjournalBEEI
To increase bandwidth and number of channels per fiber for more than one wavelength in the same fiber the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technology has been utilized. One of the devices that are important in DWDM is an optical interleaver. This paper discussed the effects of temperatures in the DWDM interleaver by using the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structures which is arranged in two-stage cascaded MZI and the three-stage cascaded MZI geometries. The main consequences of increase temperature inside the fiber optics are the change of effective refractive index in the material of silica fiber due to the thermo-optics effects. In our analysis we have used the transfer matrix method to investigate the wavelength dependence of output power to the temperatures changes that varies from 30oC to 430ºC. In the calculation we have used the C-Band range wavelength which is around 1530 to 1565 nm. It has been shown that the change of temperatures may shift the wavelength inside the MZI output power in linear manners. These effects may be used to tune wavelength transmission inside the MZI structures to suit the ITU-T defined grid.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
A NEW INTERCONNECTION TOPOLOGY FOR NETWORK ON CHIPIJCNCJournal
The architecture of networks on chip (NOC) highly affects the overall performance of the system on chip (SOC). A new topology for chip interconnection called Torus connected Rings is proposed. Due to the presence of multiple disjoint paths between any source and destination pair, this topology exhibits high fault tolerance capability. The proposed routing method can tolerate faults adaptively. TCR is simple in design and highly scalable. The detailed design and topological parameters are compared with alternate topologies.
MODELING OF PLANAR METAMATERIAL STRUCTURE AND ITS EFFECTIVE PARAMETER EXTRACTIONIAEME Publication
This paper is about designing a Metamaterial structure and the Scattering Parameter Extraction Method that has become a prime tool for Metamaterial characterization so that there is a better understanding of relation between their configuration and associated properties of these materials in terms of negative permittivity and negative permeability to explore application potential. A 2D planar Metamaterial structure has been designed, fabricated and analyzed. It consists of conducting patches and meander lines on a dielectric substrate. Electromagnetic modeling was carried out using Finite Difference Time Domain method based simulation tool EMPIRE XCcel.
Modeling of Multilayer Transmission Lines for High-Speed Digital InterconnectsIJERA Editor
In this paper, we consider the finite element modeling of multilayer transmission lines for high-speed digital
interconnects. We mainly focused on the modeling of the transmission structures with both cases of symmetric
and asymmetric geometries. We specifically designed asymmetric coupled microstrips and four-line symmetric
coupled microstrips with a two-layer substrate. We computed the capacitance matrix for asymmetric coupled
microstrips and the capacitance, inductance, and impedance matrices for four-line symmetric coupled
microstrips on a two-layer substrate. We also provide the potential distribution spectrums of the models and
their meshing analysis.
Temperatures effects on cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer structuresjournalBEEI
To increase bandwidth and number of channels per fiber for more than one wavelength in the same fiber the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technology has been utilized. One of the devices that are important in DWDM is an optical interleaver. This paper discussed the effects of temperatures in the DWDM interleaver by using the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structures which is arranged in two-stage cascaded MZI and the three-stage cascaded MZI geometries. The main consequences of increase temperature inside the fiber optics are the change of effective refractive index in the material of silica fiber due to the thermo-optics effects. In our analysis we have used the transfer matrix method to investigate the wavelength dependence of output power to the temperatures changes that varies from 30oC to 430ºC. In the calculation we have used the C-Band range wavelength which is around 1530 to 1565 nm. It has been shown that the change of temperatures may shift the wavelength inside the MZI output power in linear manners. These effects may be used to tune wavelength transmission inside the MZI structures to suit the ITU-T defined grid.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
A NEW INTERCONNECTION TOPOLOGY FOR NETWORK ON CHIPIJCNCJournal
The architecture of networks on chip (NOC) highly affects the overall performance of the system on chip (SOC). A new topology for chip interconnection called Torus connected Rings is proposed. Due to the presence of multiple disjoint paths between any source and destination pair, this topology exhibits high fault tolerance capability. The proposed routing method can tolerate faults adaptively. TCR is simple in design and highly scalable. The detailed design and topological parameters are compared with alternate topologies.
MODELING OF PLANAR METAMATERIAL STRUCTURE AND ITS EFFECTIVE PARAMETER EXTRACTIONIAEME Publication
This paper is about designing a Metamaterial structure and the Scattering Parameter Extraction Method that has become a prime tool for Metamaterial characterization so that there is a better understanding of relation between their configuration and associated properties of these materials in terms of negative permittivity and negative permeability to explore application potential. A 2D planar Metamaterial structure has been designed, fabricated and analyzed. It consists of conducting patches and meander lines on a dielectric substrate. Electromagnetic modeling was carried out using Finite Difference Time Domain method based simulation tool EMPIRE XCcel.
A New Approach for Solving Inverse Scattering Problems with Overset Grid Gene...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a new approach of Forward-Backward Time-Stepping (FBTS)
utilizing Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method with Overset Grid Generation (OGG)
method to solve the inverse scattering problems for electromagnetic (EM) waves. The proposed
FDTD method is combined with OGG method to reduce the geometrically complex problem to a
simple set of grids. The grids can be modified easily without the need to regenerate the grid
system, thus, it provide an efficient approach to integrate with the FBTS technique. Here, the
characteristics of the EM waves are analyzed. For the research mentioned in this paper, the
‘measured’ signals are syntactic data generated by FDTD simulations. While the ‘simulated’
signals are the calculated data. The accuracy of the proposed approach is validated. Good
agreements are obtained between simulation data and measured data. The proposed approach
has the potential to provide useful quantitative information of the unknown object particularly for
shape reconstruction, object detection and others.
Macromodel of High Speed Interconnect using Vector Fitting Algorithmijsrd.com
At high frequency efficient macromodeling of high speed interconnects is all time challenging task. We have presented systematic methodologies to generate rational function approximations of high-speed interconnects using vector fitting technique for any type of termination conditions and construct efficient multiport model, which is easily and directly compatible with circuit simulators.
Planar transmission line is one of the physical medium used to transmit high frequency signal. The signal flow through the transmission line depends on the important electrical parameter, the frequency. As the signal frequency increases in a conductor, current carriers start to move towards the edges of the conductor. Flow of carriers on the conductor synchronizes with the substrate to achieve better efficiency. The signal flow in the transmission line depends on the dielectric constant of the material and the loss tangent value. The paper shows the simulation studies on return loss and insertion loss of planar transmission lines with constant frequency of 10GHz. To design planar transmission lines different dielectric materials are being selected. In our design, parameters like input impedance, conductor (silver) thickness and conductor height are kept constant. The design and analysis is done using Applied Wave Research (AWR) tool. The obtained results shows unique response and it depends on the type of dielectric medium selected.
A scalable and highly accurate RF/Microwave symmetricalinductor has been designed using microstrip line. The 18 circular and 18 square structures are optimized with 600MHz operating frequency. The characteristic interest on high frequency operating circuits is inductance value and quality factor of the spiral inductor. The value of the spiral inductor is depends on conductor width (W) space between the conductor (S), turns (n) outer diameter and inner diameter of the spiral inductor. In this design change the distribution of an inner diameter from 5mil to 10milfor 3 to 5 turns of spiral inductors. The optimization of inner diameter distribution is done by keeping space (1mil)between the conductor and width (2mil) of the conductor as constant. The changing inner diameter will effect to change in magnitude of the inductance and quality factor due passive capacitive and inductive reactance effect. These spiral inductors are designed using aluminum (Al) substrate material with 15mil height from the ground plane. The cupper material is used as a conductor of thickness 0.302mm. The aim of this paper is to compare the electromagnetic simulated results with simple equations of modified wheeler (MW), current sheet Approximation (CSA) and monomial equation (ME). The passive component effect the spiral inductor is examines the variation of inductance and quality factor. The observed electromagnetic field simulated results gives better agreement with standard simple mentioned equations with 600MHz operating frequency. The validation of spiral inductor is done with different inner diameter (5mil to 10mil) and number of turns (3turns to 5 turns) of the spiral inductor.
Wideband Modeling of Twisted-Pair Cables for MIMO ApplicationsLantiq
Computer modeling and simulation approach to speed development of broadband networking technologies. http://bit.ly/1853xoY
More on our expertise: http://www.lantiq.com
FAULT TOLERANT ROUTING ALGORITHM IN OCTAGON-CELL INTERCONNECTED NETWORK FOR H...IJCNCJournal
Octagon-Cell interconnected network can be viewed as an undirected graph, in which vertices and edges
can be compared with processors and bidirectional communication links respectively between the
processing elements. It has attractive features like small diameter and better bisection width and constant
node degree. It is analyzed to arrive at fault-tolerant communication. A fault tolerant communication
scheme for this network is described in this paper. Here an efficient routing scheme has been described
which routes the horizontal moving messages from source node to the destination node in presence of faulty
nodes / link failure along the path. In this algorithm when a message is received by an intermediate node, it
will consider itself a new source node.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Identification of isomorphism and detection of distinct mechanism of kinemati...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Identification of isomorphism and detection of distinct mechanism of kinemati...eSAT Journals
Abstract The problem of isomorphism among kinematic chains and of these derived mechanisms has been a hot area of research being done from last several years. The researchers so far have proposed many methods which are mainly based on characteristic polynomial and on some code based method to test the isomorphism among kinematic chains. In the present communication a new structural invariant based on link-link path distance (shortest) has been developed for a kinematic chain. Each link of kinematic chain is assigned as a unique label using the invariant. The set of link labels are combined in the form a numerical label of kinematic chain, called kinematic chain label (KCL). KCL is proposed as unique identifier for detection of isomorphism among kinematic chains, and also used to find distinct mechanism of a kinematic chain. Method is tested on several cases of single degree of freedom plannar kinematic chain successfully with simple joints. Keywords: - Isomorphism, Kinematic chains, Mechanism, Invarient labeling, Distinct mechanism, path distance matrix.
COMPARISON OF VOLUME AND DISTANCE CONSTRAINT ON HYPERSPECTRAL UNMIXINGcsandit
Algorithms based on minimum volume constraint or sum of squared distances constraint is
widely used in Hyperspectral image unmixing. However, there are few works about performing
comparison between these two algorithms. In this paper, comparison analysis between two
algorithms is presented to evaluate the performance of two constraints under different situations. Comparison is implemented from the following three aspects: flatness of simplex, initialization effects and robustness to noise. The analysis can provide a guideline on which constraint should be adopted under certain specific tasks.
The most interesting aim of the study is to assess and compare the dependability of
using the multiple linear regressions (MLR) model and the artificial neural networks
(ANN) model to predict the concrete compressive strength using metakaolin (MK) and
silica fume (SF) admixtures materials. A proposed prediction model of artificial neural
network (ANN) for concrete compressive strength. That proposed model is trained,
validated and tested using the available test data of 132 concretes with various mixture
proportions that were collected from different technical literature. Next the prediction
of concrete compressive strength is conducted on those models. The collected data
organized in a form of eight input variables (parameters) which includes concrete
specimen age, water, fine aggregate, metakaolin, cement, coarse aggregate, silica
fume, and superplasticizer. Relating to these input parameters in the ANN model, the
concrete compressive strength containing MK and SF, are predicted. The results from
the training, validation, and testing stages from making use of the ANN model showed
that neural networks (NN) have strong potential use for the prediction of concrete
compressive strength that contain materials such as MK and SF. The correlation
coefficient for the ANN model in the training, validation, and test stages that achieved
are equal to 0.99661, 0.99093, and 0.98577, respectively. Whereas the correlation
coefficient for the the MLR model was 0.794. The results suggest that the prediction
using ANN model is more accurate than when using the MLR model
Modelling Optical Waveguide Bends by the Method of LinesTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A rigorous analytical and semi analytical method of lines has been used to calculate the
transverse-electric field attenuation coefficient of guided mode as it travels in waveguide bends structure.
Both approaches then were compared to get a better understanding on how the attenuation behaves along
single curve waveguides with constant radius of curvature. The Helmholtz Equation in polar coordinate
was transformed into a curvalinier coordinate to simulate the waveguide bends using the method of line
analysis. The simple absorption boundary conditions are used into the method of lines to demonstrate
evanescent field of the guided mode nature as its travels in waveguide bends structures. The results show
that a reasonable agreement between both theoretical approaches.
Investigation on EM radiations from interconnects in integrated circuitsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Characterization and estimation of interconnections behavior in integrated circuits design before the implementation phase is of paramount importance. This behavior seen as microstrip antennas gets complex as the internal signal (square or sine waves) frequencies increase. Thus, they become the preferred path for the propagation of electromagnetic disturbances. In this work we have worked out the numerical modeling of the electromagnetic interactions characterizing the electromagnetic compatibility in the microstrip transmission lines. The effect of these electromagnetic interactions in different structures topologies are studied through the analysis of the influence of the supply signals frequency and structures. The spacing between transmission line tracks and the number of tracks superposition is modeled. The evolution and variation of the scheme parameters in the frequency domain are determined. The transmission lines are considered parallel of equal spacing and superposed tracks of equal spacing and thickness. The capacitance and inductance matrices are computed and discussed. The results are found to comply with current research outcomes.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
A New Approach for Solving Inverse Scattering Problems with Overset Grid Gene...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a new approach of Forward-Backward Time-Stepping (FBTS)
utilizing Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method with Overset Grid Generation (OGG)
method to solve the inverse scattering problems for electromagnetic (EM) waves. The proposed
FDTD method is combined with OGG method to reduce the geometrically complex problem to a
simple set of grids. The grids can be modified easily without the need to regenerate the grid
system, thus, it provide an efficient approach to integrate with the FBTS technique. Here, the
characteristics of the EM waves are analyzed. For the research mentioned in this paper, the
‘measured’ signals are syntactic data generated by FDTD simulations. While the ‘simulated’
signals are the calculated data. The accuracy of the proposed approach is validated. Good
agreements are obtained between simulation data and measured data. The proposed approach
has the potential to provide useful quantitative information of the unknown object particularly for
shape reconstruction, object detection and others.
Macromodel of High Speed Interconnect using Vector Fitting Algorithmijsrd.com
At high frequency efficient macromodeling of high speed interconnects is all time challenging task. We have presented systematic methodologies to generate rational function approximations of high-speed interconnects using vector fitting technique for any type of termination conditions and construct efficient multiport model, which is easily and directly compatible with circuit simulators.
Planar transmission line is one of the physical medium used to transmit high frequency signal. The signal flow through the transmission line depends on the important electrical parameter, the frequency. As the signal frequency increases in a conductor, current carriers start to move towards the edges of the conductor. Flow of carriers on the conductor synchronizes with the substrate to achieve better efficiency. The signal flow in the transmission line depends on the dielectric constant of the material and the loss tangent value. The paper shows the simulation studies on return loss and insertion loss of planar transmission lines with constant frequency of 10GHz. To design planar transmission lines different dielectric materials are being selected. In our design, parameters like input impedance, conductor (silver) thickness and conductor height are kept constant. The design and analysis is done using Applied Wave Research (AWR) tool. The obtained results shows unique response and it depends on the type of dielectric medium selected.
A scalable and highly accurate RF/Microwave symmetricalinductor has been designed using microstrip line. The 18 circular and 18 square structures are optimized with 600MHz operating frequency. The characteristic interest on high frequency operating circuits is inductance value and quality factor of the spiral inductor. The value of the spiral inductor is depends on conductor width (W) space between the conductor (S), turns (n) outer diameter and inner diameter of the spiral inductor. In this design change the distribution of an inner diameter from 5mil to 10milfor 3 to 5 turns of spiral inductors. The optimization of inner diameter distribution is done by keeping space (1mil)between the conductor and width (2mil) of the conductor as constant. The changing inner diameter will effect to change in magnitude of the inductance and quality factor due passive capacitive and inductive reactance effect. These spiral inductors are designed using aluminum (Al) substrate material with 15mil height from the ground plane. The cupper material is used as a conductor of thickness 0.302mm. The aim of this paper is to compare the electromagnetic simulated results with simple equations of modified wheeler (MW), current sheet Approximation (CSA) and monomial equation (ME). The passive component effect the spiral inductor is examines the variation of inductance and quality factor. The observed electromagnetic field simulated results gives better agreement with standard simple mentioned equations with 600MHz operating frequency. The validation of spiral inductor is done with different inner diameter (5mil to 10mil) and number of turns (3turns to 5 turns) of the spiral inductor.
Wideband Modeling of Twisted-Pair Cables for MIMO ApplicationsLantiq
Computer modeling and simulation approach to speed development of broadband networking technologies. http://bit.ly/1853xoY
More on our expertise: http://www.lantiq.com
FAULT TOLERANT ROUTING ALGORITHM IN OCTAGON-CELL INTERCONNECTED NETWORK FOR H...IJCNCJournal
Octagon-Cell interconnected network can be viewed as an undirected graph, in which vertices and edges
can be compared with processors and bidirectional communication links respectively between the
processing elements. It has attractive features like small diameter and better bisection width and constant
node degree. It is analyzed to arrive at fault-tolerant communication. A fault tolerant communication
scheme for this network is described in this paper. Here an efficient routing scheme has been described
which routes the horizontal moving messages from source node to the destination node in presence of faulty
nodes / link failure along the path. In this algorithm when a message is received by an intermediate node, it
will consider itself a new source node.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Identification of isomorphism and detection of distinct mechanism of kinemati...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Identification of isomorphism and detection of distinct mechanism of kinemati...eSAT Journals
Abstract The problem of isomorphism among kinematic chains and of these derived mechanisms has been a hot area of research being done from last several years. The researchers so far have proposed many methods which are mainly based on characteristic polynomial and on some code based method to test the isomorphism among kinematic chains. In the present communication a new structural invariant based on link-link path distance (shortest) has been developed for a kinematic chain. Each link of kinematic chain is assigned as a unique label using the invariant. The set of link labels are combined in the form a numerical label of kinematic chain, called kinematic chain label (KCL). KCL is proposed as unique identifier for detection of isomorphism among kinematic chains, and also used to find distinct mechanism of a kinematic chain. Method is tested on several cases of single degree of freedom plannar kinematic chain successfully with simple joints. Keywords: - Isomorphism, Kinematic chains, Mechanism, Invarient labeling, Distinct mechanism, path distance matrix.
COMPARISON OF VOLUME AND DISTANCE CONSTRAINT ON HYPERSPECTRAL UNMIXINGcsandit
Algorithms based on minimum volume constraint or sum of squared distances constraint is
widely used in Hyperspectral image unmixing. However, there are few works about performing
comparison between these two algorithms. In this paper, comparison analysis between two
algorithms is presented to evaluate the performance of two constraints under different situations. Comparison is implemented from the following three aspects: flatness of simplex, initialization effects and robustness to noise. The analysis can provide a guideline on which constraint should be adopted under certain specific tasks.
The most interesting aim of the study is to assess and compare the dependability of
using the multiple linear regressions (MLR) model and the artificial neural networks
(ANN) model to predict the concrete compressive strength using metakaolin (MK) and
silica fume (SF) admixtures materials. A proposed prediction model of artificial neural
network (ANN) for concrete compressive strength. That proposed model is trained,
validated and tested using the available test data of 132 concretes with various mixture
proportions that were collected from different technical literature. Next the prediction
of concrete compressive strength is conducted on those models. The collected data
organized in a form of eight input variables (parameters) which includes concrete
specimen age, water, fine aggregate, metakaolin, cement, coarse aggregate, silica
fume, and superplasticizer. Relating to these input parameters in the ANN model, the
concrete compressive strength containing MK and SF, are predicted. The results from
the training, validation, and testing stages from making use of the ANN model showed
that neural networks (NN) have strong potential use for the prediction of concrete
compressive strength that contain materials such as MK and SF. The correlation
coefficient for the ANN model in the training, validation, and test stages that achieved
are equal to 0.99661, 0.99093, and 0.98577, respectively. Whereas the correlation
coefficient for the the MLR model was 0.794. The results suggest that the prediction
using ANN model is more accurate than when using the MLR model
Modelling Optical Waveguide Bends by the Method of LinesTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A rigorous analytical and semi analytical method of lines has been used to calculate the
transverse-electric field attenuation coefficient of guided mode as it travels in waveguide bends structure.
Both approaches then were compared to get a better understanding on how the attenuation behaves along
single curve waveguides with constant radius of curvature. The Helmholtz Equation in polar coordinate
was transformed into a curvalinier coordinate to simulate the waveguide bends using the method of line
analysis. The simple absorption boundary conditions are used into the method of lines to demonstrate
evanescent field of the guided mode nature as its travels in waveguide bends structures. The results show
that a reasonable agreement between both theoretical approaches.
Investigation on EM radiations from interconnects in integrated circuitsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Characterization and estimation of interconnections behavior in integrated circuits design before the implementation phase is of paramount importance. This behavior seen as microstrip antennas gets complex as the internal signal (square or sine waves) frequencies increase. Thus, they become the preferred path for the propagation of electromagnetic disturbances. In this work we have worked out the numerical modeling of the electromagnetic interactions characterizing the electromagnetic compatibility in the microstrip transmission lines. The effect of these electromagnetic interactions in different structures topologies are studied through the analysis of the influence of the supply signals frequency and structures. The spacing between transmission line tracks and the number of tracks superposition is modeled. The evolution and variation of the scheme parameters in the frequency domain are determined. The transmission lines are considered parallel of equal spacing and superposed tracks of equal spacing and thickness. The capacitance and inductance matrices are computed and discussed. The results are found to comply with current research outcomes.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
MICROSTRIP COUPLED LINE FILTER DESIGN FOR ULTRA WIDEBAND APPLICATIONSjmicro
A compact microstrip parallel coupled line filter for ultra wide band applications by means of combining a network of coupled line and defected ground is proposed. The design equations for three and five interconnected networks are derived and implemented. Simulations for three different configurations for filters are optimized. Then three prototype circuits are constructed, a bandpass filter with center frequency 2.25 GHz and two different bandpass filters (in terms of perturbations) with center frequencies 2.33GHz.
For 2.25 GHz circuit wide fractional bandwidth of about 90% is obtained but undesired high return loss existed. For 2.33GHz circuit with grooves in sides fractional bandwidth of about 60% is obtained at about 3.4 GHz center frequency. However undesired return loss existed for this circuit whereas good out off or 2.33GHz circuit with grooves in whole sections the center frequency got shifted to about 3.4 GHz and about 50% fractional bandwidth is obtained with very good out off band performance observed.
Energy Efficient Modeling of Wireless Sensor Networks using Random Graph Theoryidescitation
This paper deals with the discussion of an innovative and a design for the
efficient power management and power failure diagnosis in the area of wireless sensors
networks. A Wireless Network consists of a web of networks where hundreds of pairs are
connected to each other wirelessly. A critical issue in the wireless sensor networks in the
present scenario is the limited availability of energy within network nodes. Therefore,
making good use of energy is necessary in modeling a sensor network. In this paper we have
tried to propose a new model of wireless sensors networks on a three-dimensional plane
using the percolation model, a kind of random graph in which edges are formed between the
neighbouring nodes. An algorithm has been described in which the power failure diagnosis
is made and solved. The concepts of Electromagnetics, Wave Duality, Energy model of an
atom is linked with wireless networks. A model is prepared in which the positioning of
nodes of sensors are decided. Also the model is made more efficient regarding the energy
consumption, power delivery etc. using the concepts of graph theory concepts, probability
distribution.
Computational Investigation of Asymmetric Coplanar Waveguides Using Neural Ne...Konstantinos Karamichalis
In order to compute the characteristic impedance and the relative effective dielectric constant of an
asymmetric coplanar waveguide with infinite or finite dielectric thickness, the use of artificial neural networks
is valuable. The method of neural computing presented in this paper uses only one neural model for both
parameters, for this specific waveguide type. The BFGS quasi-Newton back-propagation algorithm was used to
train the developed neural network. Numerical results are given for several configurations along with
comparisons with previously published data.
INFLUENCE OF CHANNEL FADING CORRELATION ON PERFORMANCE OF DETECTOR ALGORITHMS...cscpconf
This paper analyzes the impact of fading correlation and cross polarization coupling on the error performance of V-BLAST MIMO system that employs detector algorithms like ZF, MMSE
and ML with ordering and successive cancellation. Simulation results show the BER performance of these detectors for different modulation schemes. It is observed that lesser the
channel fading correlation and cross polarization coupling values better is the performance of these detectors. Study is extended to see the effect of transmit and receive antenna correlation on Ergodic MIMO capacity
Influence of channel fading correlation on performance of detector algorithms...csandit
This paper analyzes the impact of fading correlation and cross polarization coupling on the
error performance of V-BLAST MIMO system that employs detector algorithms like ZF, MMSE
and ML with ordering and successive cancellation. Simulation results show the BER
performance of these detectors for different modulation schemes. It is observed that lesser the
channel fading correlation and cross polarization coupling values better is the performance of
these detectors. Study is extended to see the effect of transmit and receive antenna correlation
on Ergodic MIMO capacity.
The main stake is to detect a defective component or likely to become it during manufacture or inservice inspections, while improving control productivity. In this context, we develop a simulation tool of EC fastened structures testing, integrated to the ANSYS platform, aimed at conceiving testing methods, optimizing and qualifying it. The finite element method has been chosen, it is suitable for this type of problem. Various configurations have been considered for the inspection of a target with a defect in different thicknesses. Due to the impossibility to detect a defect located at a distance much greater than the skin depth δ. Indeed, the eddy currents amplitude are less than 95% of the maximum amplitude beyond a depth greater than 3 δ. We are interested in the detection of defects located at depths higher to three times the skin depth.
Control Radiation Pattern for Half Width Microstrip Leaky Wave Antenna by Usi...IJECEIAES
In this paper, a novel design for single-layer half width microstrip leakywave antenna (HW-MLWA) is demonstrated. This model can be digitally control its radiation pattern at operation frequency and uses only two values of the bias voltage, with better impedance matching and insignificant gain variation. The scanning and controlling the radiation pattern of leaky-wave antennas (LWA) in steps at an operation frequency, by using switches PIN diodes, is investigated and a novel HW-MLWA is introduced. A control cell reconfigurable, that can be switched between two states, is the basic element of the antenna. The periodic LWA is molded by identical control cells where as a control radiation pattern is developed by combining numerous reconfigurable control cells. A gap capacitor is independently connected or disconnected in every unit cell by using a PIN diode switch to achieve fixedfrequency control radiation pattern scanning. The profile reactance at the free edge of (HWMLWA) and thus the main lobe direction is altered by changing the states of the control cell. The antenna presented in this paper, can scan main beam between 18o to 44o at fixed frequency of 4.2 GHz with measured peak gain of 12.29 dBi.
Performance of Multi –user MIMO system in the presence of Polarization divers...IJERA Editor
Employing Dual Polarized antenna plays a vital role for the future generation MIMO systems due to its advantages such as space effectiveness and robustness. In this paper, we provide Outage probability of Multiuser Dual Polarized antenna in an uplink environment. Specifically, we provide the simulation results of Outage Probability for different varying parameters such as an increase in a number of the user, noise variance, and Cross Polarization Discrimination. This parameter is investigated through Monte Carlo simulation.
At this present scenario, the demand of the system capacity is very high in wireless network. MIMO
technology is used from the last decade to provide this requirement for wireless network antenna
technology. MIMO channels are mostly used for advanced antenna array technology. But it is most
important to control the error rate with enhanced system capacity in MIMO for present-day progressive
wireless communication. This paper explores the frame error rate with respect to different path gain of
MIMO channel. This work has been done in different fading scenario and produces a comparative analysis
of MIMO on the basis of those fading models in various conditions. Here, it is to be considered that
modulation technique as QPSK to observe these comparative evaluations for different Doppler frequencies.
From the comparative analysis, minimum amount of frame error rate is viewed for Rician distribution at
LOS path Doppler shift of 0 Hz. At last, this work is concluded with a comparative bit error rate study on
the basis of singular parameters at different SNR levels to produce the system performance for uncoded
QPSK modulation.
Scedasticity descriptor of terrestrial wireless communications channels for m...IJECEIAES
Fifth-generation (5G) wireless systems increased the bandwidth, improved the speed, and shortened the latency of communications systems. Various channel models are developed to study 5G. These channel models reproduce the stochastic properties of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas by generating wireless multipath components (MPCs). The MPCs with similar properties in delay, angles of departure, and angles of arrival form clusters. The multipaths and multipath clusters serve as datasets to understand the properties of 5G. These datasets generated by the Cooperation in Science and Technology 2100 (COST 2100), International Mobile Telecommunications-2020 (IMT-2020), Quasi Deterministic Radio Channel Generator (QuaDRiGa), and Wireless World Initiative New Radio II (WINNER II) channel models are tested for their homoscedasticity based on Johansen's procedure. Results show that the COST 2100, QuaDRiGa, and WINNER II datasets are heteroscedastic, while the IMT-2020 dataset is homoscedastic.
Investigating the Effect of Mutual Coupling on SVD Based Beam-forming over MI...CSCJournals
This paper investigates the effect of mutual coupling on the performance of SVD based beam-forming technique over a Rician MIMO channel. SVD based beam-forming technique were proposed as a baseband signal processing algorithm to combat NLOS issues. However, most of the researches done in regards to SVD based beam-forming technique are based on the assumption of “ideal array antennas” in which lots of practical issues including the transmitter and receiver array geometry, the number of antenna elements, the inter-element spacing and orientation are not considered. Particularly, the effect of mutual coupling due to finite element spacing is neglected. In real array antennas, Mutual Coupling (MC) is always present and its effects cannot be neglected, especially for tightly spaced arrays. Although the presence of mutual coupling leads to the “cross talk” problems for the SVD based beam-forming techniques. However, it does not adversely affect the system capacity. For some particular range of SNR, inter-element spacing, mutual coupling can in fact increase the capacity and in fact be beneficial in terms of decreasing SER
Design of a Selective Filter based on 2D Photonic Crystals Materials IJECEIAES
Two dimensional finite differences temporal domain (2D-FDTD) numerical simulations are performed in cartesian coordinate system to determine the dispersion diagrams of transverse electric (TE) of a two-dimension photonic crystal (PC) with triangular lattice. The aim of this work is to design a filter with maximum spectral response close to the frequency 1.55 μm. To achieve this frequency, selective filters PC are formed by combination of three waveguides W 1 K A wherein the air holes have of different normalized radii respectively r 1 /a=0.44, r 2 /a=0.288 and r /a= 0.3292 (a: is the periodicity of the lattice with value 0.48 μm). Best response is obtained when we insert three small cylindrical cavities (with normalized radius of 0.17) between the two half-planes of photonic crystal strong lateral confinement.
Effect on Channel Capacity of Multi-User MIMO System in Crowded AreaIJEEE
Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) and Multi-User
MIMO (MU-MIMO) systems have been expected to
improve the channel capacity over a limited bandwidth of
existing networks.
We take some parts of a theoretical mobility model in a two-dimension grid proposed by Greenlaw and
Kantabutra to be our model. The model has eight necessary factors that we commonly use in a mobile
wireless network: sources or wireless signal providers, the directions that a source can move, users or
mobile devices, the given directions which define a user’s movement, the given directions which define a
source’s movement, source’s velocity, source’s coverage, and obstacles. However, we include only the
sources, source’s coverage, and the obstacles in our model. We define SQUARE GRID POINTS COVERAGE
(SGPC) problem to minimize number of sources with coverage radius of one to cover a square grid point
size of p with the restriction that all the sources must be communicable and proof that SGPC is in NPcomplete
class. We also give an APPROX-SQUARE-GRID-COVERAGE (ASGC) algorithm to compute the
approximate solution of SGPC. ASGC uses the rule that any number can be obtained from the addition of
3, 4 and 5 and then combines 3-gadgets, 4-gadgets and 5-gadgets to specify the position of sources to cover
a square grid point size of p. We find that the algorithm achieves an approximation ratio of
2
1 2 10 2
p
p .
Moreover, we state about the extension usage of our algorithm and show some examples. We show that if
we use ASPC on a square grid size of p and if sources can be moved, the area under the square grid can be
covered in eight-time-steps movement. We also prove that if we extend our source coverage radius to 1.59,
without any movement the area under the square gird will also be covered. Further studies are also
discussed and a list of some tentative problems is given in the conclusion.
Design & simulation of dual band t shaped slot micro strip antenna for c-...eSAT Journals
Abstract Microstrip patches radiate from the currents induced on the surface of the patch because of the electromagnetic cavity with significant resonant frequencies formed between patch and ground plane according to the frequencies applied with different feeding techniques. This paper presents the design and simulation of a T-shaped Dual band Microstrip patch antenna with operating frequencies 5.40GHz, and 6.60GHz for C-Band applications. The T-shape provides Dual band characteristics with good bandwidth which is required in wireless devices with significant design characteristics and can be easily mounted on air craft, space craft, satellites, missiles etc., An Edge-Fed microstrip with substrate FR4epoxy having dielectric constant 4.4 and substrate heights of 6.5mm, 4.56 mm, 3.048mm, and 1.524mm are designed and analyzed with different parameters like VSWR, Gain, Peak directivity, Return losses, Bandwidth, Radiation efficiency, FBR etc,. This antenna design is an improvement from previous research and it is simulated using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) version 13.0 software. Keywords :T-shaped slot microstrip,Dual Band, C-Band, Edge-Fed, HFSS Software 13.0
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...
Aj4301193196
1. Sarhan M. Musa et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 3( Version 1), March 2014, pp.193-196
www.ijera.com 193 | P a g e
Accurate Modeling of Multilayer Transmission Lines for High-
Speed Digital Interconnects
Sarhan M. Musa and Matthew N. O. Sadiku
Roy G. Perry College of Engineering, Prairie View A&M University Prairie View, TX 77446
Abstract
In this paper, we consider the finite element modeling of multilayer transmission lines for high-speed digital
interconnects. We mainly focused on the modeling of the transmission structures with both cases of symmetric
and asymmetric geometries. We specifically designed asymmetric coupled microstrips and four-line symmetric
coupled microstrips with a two-layer substrate. We computed the capacitance matrix for asymmetric coupled
microstrips and the capacitance, and inductance matrices for four-line symmetric coupled microstrips on a two-
layer substrate. We also provide the potential distribution spectrums of the models.
Keywords: Capacitance matrix, inductance matrix, multilayer, multicondcutor transmission lines, finite
element method
I. Introduction
Recently, the development of efficient and
accurate computational method to analyze the
modeling of multiconductor transmission lines in
multilayer structure becomes a great area of interest.
An accurate analysis of pulse propagation in
multiconductor transmission line and coupled
microstrips turns out to be important in high speed
and high density digital interconnects due to the
clock rates increase and interline spacings decrease.
Also, lumped element approximations of high speed
VLSI interconnects are currently sufficient for the
design processes; the next generation of computers
will need an accurate, field theory analysis that
includes the effects of coupling, dispersion, and
losses. Therefore, researches require for fast and
accurate analysis of multilayer, multiconductor, and
high speed interconnects.
Previous attempts at the problem include
using the method of moments [1, 2], the spectral
domain approach [3, 4], the Green’s function
approach [3, 5], the method of lines [6, 7], the
domain decomposition method and finite difference
methods [7], the integrated equation
method [8], and the complex image method [9]. Also,
the pulse distortion on symmetric, coupled, lossy
microstrips is discussed in [10].
In this work, we design asymmetric coupled
microstrips and four-line symmetric coupled
microstrips with a two-layer substrates using finite
element method (FEM). We specifically calculate the
capacitance and inductance matrices, and the
potential distribution of the configurations.
II. Results and Discussions
The models have solution regions that are
unbounded (or open), meaning that the
electromagnetic fields should extend towards infinity.
This is not possible because it would require a very
large mesh. The easiest approach is just to extend the
simulation domain “far enough” that the influence of
the terminating boundary conditions at the far end
becomes negligible. In any electromagnetic field
analysis, the placement of far-field boundary is an
important concern, especially when dealing with the
finite element analysis of structures which are open.
It is necessary to take into account the natural
boundary of a line at infinity and the presence of
remote objects and their potential influence on the
field shape [11]. In all our simulations, the open
multiconductor structure is surrounded by a W X H
shield, where W is the width and H is the thickness.
The models are designed using electrostatic
environment in order to compare our results with the
other available methods. In the boundary condition of
the model’s design, we use ground boundary which is
zero potential ( 0V ) for the shield. We use port
condition for the conductors to force the potential or
current to one or zero depending on the setting. Also,
we use continuity boundary condition between the
conductors and between the conductors and left and
right grounds. The quasi-static models are computed
in form of electromagnetic simulations using partial
differential equations.
In this paper, we consider two different
models. Asymmetric coupled microstrips and four-
line symmetric coupled microstrips with two-layer
substrates.
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Sarhan M. Musa et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 3( Version 1), March 2014, pp.193-196
www.ijera.com 194 | P a g e
2.1 Modeling of Asymmetric Coupled Microstrips
on a Two-Layer Substrate
In Fig. 1, we show the cross-section of
asymmetric coupled microstrips on a two-layer
substrate with the following parameters:
1w width of strip 1= 0.6 mm
2w width of strip 2 = 1.2 mm
s distance between the strip 1 and strip 2
= 0.3 mm
t thickness of the strips = 0.01mm
1h height of the first layer from the ground
= 0.335 mm
2h height of the strips from the first layer
= 0.3 mm
Figure 1. Cross-section of asymmetric coupled
microstrips on a two-layer substrate.
For the modeling, the geometry was
enclosed by a 10 X 3 mm shield. Figure 2 shows the
finite element mesh which consists of 3273 elements
with number of degrees of freedom solved for 36762
in a solution time 6.719 seconds. Figure 3 shows the
2D surface potential distribution of the transmission
lines. Contour and streamline plots were presented in
Figures 4 and 5 respectively.
Figure 2. Mesh of asymmetric coupled microstrips
on a two-layer substrate.
Figure 3. 2D surface potential distribution of
asymmetric coupled microstrips on a two-layer
substrate.
Figure 4. Contour plot of asymmetric coupled
microstrips on a two-layer substrate.
Figure 5. Streamline plot of asymmetric coupled
microstrips on a two-layer substrate.
From our model, Figure 6 shows the
potential distribution of the five-conductor
transmission lines from (x,y) = (0,0) to (x,y) = (10,3)
mm, using port 1 as input.
Figure 6. Potential distribution of asymmetric
coupled microstrips on a two-layer substrate from
(x,y) = (0,0) to (x,y) = (10,3) mm, using port 1 as
input.
The following electrical parameters,
capacitance per unit length matrix ( C in pF/m) and
inductance per unit length ( L nH/m) are found as:
115.182 -45.004
-45.004 148.036
C
The inductance and capacitance per unit
length of multiconductor transmission lines are
related as follows:
1
o o oL C
, (1)
where,
L Inductance matrix.
3. Sarhan M. Musa et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 3( Version 1), March 2014, pp.193-196
www.ijera.com 195 | P a g e
1
oC
the inverse matrix of the capacitance of the
multiconductor transmission line when all dielectric
constants are set equal to 1.
o permeability of free space or vacuum.
o permittivity of free space or vacuum.
395.2 82.6
[ ]
82.6 284.2
L
2.2 Modeling of Four-Line Symmetric Coupled
Microstrips with a Two-Layer Substrates
In this section, we illustrate the modeling of
the four-line symmetric coupled microstrips with
two-layer substrates. We focus on the calculation of
capacitance per unit length, the capacitance with
homogenous dielectric layer, inductance. In Fig. 7,
we show the cross-section of four-line symmetric
coupled microstrips with two-layer substrates with
the following parameters:
w width of strips = 0.5 mm
s distance between two strips = 0.5 mm
t thickness of the strips = 0.01mm
1h height of the first layer from the ground
= 0.335 mm
2h height of the strips from the first layer
= 0.3 mm
Figure 7. Cross-section of four-line symmetric
coupled microstrips with two-layer substrates.
For the modeling, the geometry was
enclosed by a 30 X 3 mm shield. Figure 8 shows the
finite element mesh which consists of 6650 elements
with number of degrees of freedom solved for 27539
in a solution time 4.843 seconds. Figure 9 shows the
2D surface potential distribution of the transmission
lines. Counter and streamline plots were presented in
Figures 10 and 11 respectively.
Figure 8. Mesh of four-line symmetric coupled
microstrips with two-layer substrates.
Figure 9. 2D surface potential distribution of four-
line symmetric coupled microstrips with two-layer
substrates.
Figure 10. Contour plot of four-line symmetric
coupled microstrips with two-layer substrates.
Figure 11. Streamline plot of four-line symmetric
coupled microstrips with two-layer substrates.
From our model, Figure 12 shows the
potential distribution of the five-conductor
transmission lines from (x,y) = (0,0) to (x,y) = (30,3)
mm, using port 1 as input.
Figure 12. Potential distribution of our-line
symmetric coupled microstrips with two-layer
substrates from (x,y) = (0,0) to (x,y) = (30,3)mm,
using port 1 as input.
The following electrical parameters
(capacitance per unit length matrix ( C in pF/m),
inductance per unit length ( L in nH/m), and
4. Sarhan M. Musa et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 3( Version 1), March 2014, pp.193-196
www.ijera.com 196 | P a g e
characteristic impedances matrix ( Z in ) are
found as
99.53343 29.54885 0.9212119 0.1340122
29.54885 109.6809 29.25836 0.9206155
0.9212119 29.25836 109.7019 29.56089
0.1340122 0.9206155 29.56089 99.53665
C
Using equation 1, we obtain L :
440.1480 89.4267 26.0729 8.7115
89.2120 437.0070 88.7116 26.0747
[ ]
25.2873 88.5647 436.984334 89.4334
4.8237 25.2891 89.2186 440.1612
L
We provided the results of FEM in two-
dimensional asymmetric coupled microstrips and
four-line symmetric coupled microstrips with a two-
layer substrates. The results of capacitance matrices
for self and mutual capacitances and inductance
matrix which are useful for the analysis of crosstalk
between high-speed signal traces on the printed
circuit board are obtained.
III. Conclusions
In this paper we have presented the
modeling of asymmetric coupled microstrips and
four-line symmetric coupled microstrips with two-
layer substrates using FEM. We have obtained the
results for their electrical parameters such as the
capacitance-per-unit length and we provided the
potential distribution spectrums of the models.
References
[1] C. Wei, R.F. Harrington, J.R. Mautz, and
T.K. Sarkar, “Multiconductor transmission
lines in multilayered dielectric media,” IEEE
Trans Microwave Theory, vol. 32 , pp. 439–
445, 1984.
[2] R.F. Harrington and C. Wei, “Losses on
multiconductor transmission lines in
multilayered dielectric media,” IEEE Trans
Microwave Theory Tech, vol. 32, pp. 705–
710, 1984.
[3] W. Shu and S. Xu, “Capacitance extraction
for multiconductor transmission lines in
multilayered dielectric media using the
numerical green’s function,” Microwave
Opt. Technol Lett., vol. 40, pp. 529 –531,
2006.
[4] G. Plaza, F. Mesa, and M. Horno, “Quick
computation of [G], [L], [G], and matrices
of multiconductor and multilayered
transmission systems,” IEEE Trans
Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 43, pp.
1623–1626, 1995.
[5] W. Delbare and D. de Zutter, “Space-
domain green’s function approach to the
capacitance calculation of multiconductor
lines in multilayered dielectrics with
improved surface charge modeling,” IEEE
Trans Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 37 ,
1562–1568, 1989.
[6] A. Papachristoforos, “Method of lines for
analysis of planar conductors with finite
thickness,” IEEE Tran. Antennas &
Propag., vol. 141, 223–228, 1994.
[7] L. Shujing and Z. Hanqing, “An efficient
algorithm for the parameter extraction of
multiconductor transmission lines in
multilayer dielectric media,” Proc IEEE
Antennas Propag Soc Int Symp A 3, pp.
228–231, 2005.
[8] W. Delbare and D. de Zutter, “Accurate
calculations of the capacitance matrix of a
multiconductor transmission line in a
multilayered dielectric medium,” IEEE
Microwave Symp Dig, Long Beach, CA , pp.
1013–1016, 1989.
[9] J.J. Yang, G.E. Howard, and Y.L. Chow,
“Complex image method for analyzing
multiconductor transmission lines in
multilayered dielectric media,” Int Symp Dig
Antennas Propag, London, Ontario,
Canada, pp. 862–865, 1991.
[10] J. P. Gilb and C. A. Balanis, “Transient
analysis of distortion and coupled in lossy
coupled microstrips,” IEEE Transactions on
Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 38,
no. 12, Dec. 1990.
[11] Y. R. Crutzen, G. Molinari, and G.
Rubinacci (eds.), Industrial Application of
Electromagnetic Computer Codes.
Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers,
1990, p. 5.