The document discusses principles of flight for rotary wing aircraft, specifically focusing on propellers. It defines key terms like blade angle and angle of attack. It explains the aerodynamic forces acting on propeller blades, including lift, drag, thrust, and rotational drag. It also discusses how fixed and variable pitch propellers are affected by changes in airspeed, and factors that can cause take-off swings for nose-wheel and tail-wheel aircraft.
This Powerpoint Presentation reviews on the topic - Aeroplane and Its Parts (With aerodynamics).
It was made for Educational Purpose.
If anyone want source file, E-mail:- moideenthashreef@hotmail.com
This Powerpoint Presentation reviews on the topic - Aeroplane and Its Parts (With aerodynamics).
It was made for Educational Purpose.
If anyone want source file, E-mail:- moideenthashreef@hotmail.com
TES Aviation Group is one of the world's foremost providers of aircraft engine asset management services. TES manages a client portfolio of aircraft engines valued in excess of $3.5 billion and offers an integrated management solution providing engineering services, aircraft engines for lease, as well as a broad range of aircraft engine parts.
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Banked turn and its effects on Stall speed of an AirplaneJagrataBanerjee
This presentation is totally meant to show that -- Why an airplane needs to roll to the side of the turn? And, what are the effects of such banked turns on Stall Speed (minimum airspeed required to stay airborne) of an airplane.
Not only that, this slide also covers that why and how Stall speed will change with respect to the bank angle. Also, it shows the derivation of the formula to calculate the stall speed in a banked turn.
Hope, you will enjoy it and understand & learn a lot.
A presentation that guides the student through the forces acting on an aircraft, and how to fly a circuit at a typical airfield. This includes aircraft instrumentation and radio use. THIS PRESENTATION IS FOR INTEREST AND SIMULATED FLIGHT ONLY, AS PROPER FLIGHT INSTRUCTION SHOULD BE TAKEN FOR ACTUAL FLIGHT
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Book Formatting: Quality Control Checks for DesignersConfidence Ago
This presentation was made to help designers who work in publishing houses or format books for printing ensure quality.
Quality control is vital to every industry. This is why every department in a company need create a method they use in ensuring quality. This, perhaps, will not only improve the quality of products and bring errors to the barest minimum, but take it to a near perfect finish.
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So, this presentation points designers to some important things that may be missed by an editor that they could eventually discover and call the attention of the editor.
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Between Filth and Fortune- Urban Cattle Foraging Realities by Devi S Nair, An...Mansi Shah
This study examines cattle rearing in urban and rural settings, focusing on milk production and consumption. By exploring a case in Ahmedabad, it highlights the challenges and processes in dairy farming across different environments, emphasising the need for sustainable practices and the essential role of milk in daily consumption.
Can AI do good? at 'offtheCanvas' India HCI preludeAlan Dix
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The world is being changed fundamentally by AI and we are constantly faced with newspaper headlines about its harmful effects. However, there is also the potential to both ameliorate theses harms and use the new abilities of AI to transform society for the good. Can you make the difference?
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18. Effect of Airspeed Induced Flow Airflow due to Rotational Velocity At Zero Airspeed
19. Effect of Airspeed Induced Flow Airflow due to Rotational Velocity (Same) At a Forward Airspeed = Total Inflow TAS + -
20. Effect of Airspeed Induced Flow Airflow due to Rotational Velocity (Same) = Total Inflow TAS + - At a Forward Airspeed Need larger for same
21. Effect of Airspeed _ _ _ _ 100% 75% 50% 25% True Airspeed Propeller Efficiency at Max Power Fine Coarse
22. Pitch of Propeller Blade _ _ _ _ 100% 75% 50% 25% True Airspeed Fine Coarse Propeller Efficiency at Max Power Variable Pitch
24. Aerodynamic Forces Total Inflow Airflow due to Rotational Velocity RAF
25. Aerodynamic Forces Total Inflow Airflow due to Rotational Velocity RAF Total Reaction
26. Aerodynamic Forces Total Inflow Airflow due to Rotational Velocity RAF Lift Drag Total Reaction
27. Aerodynamic Forces Total Inflow Airflow due to Rotational Velocity RAF Total Reaction Thrust
28. Aerodynamic Forces Total Inflow Airflow due to Rotational Velocity RAF Total Reaction Thrust Prop Rotational Drag
29. Aerodynamic Forces (Effect of High Speed) TAS+Induced Flow Airflow due to Rotational Velocity RAF Total Reaction Thrust Slow Speed Fixed Pitch
30. TAS+Induced Flow Airflow due to Rotational Velocity RAF Total Reaction Thrust High Speed Fixed Pitch Aerodynamic Forces (Effect of High Speed)
31. TAS+Induced Flow Airflow due to Rotational Velocity RAF Total Reaction Thrust High Speed Fixed Pitch Aerodynamic Forces (Effect of High Speed)
32. TAS+Induced Flow Airflow due to Rotational Velocity RAF Total Reaction Thrust High Speed Fixed Pitch Aerodynamic Forces (Effect of High Speed)
33. TAS+Induced Flow Airflow due to Rotational Velocity RAF NB: Rotational Drag reduced, RPM ? Thrust High Speed Fixed Pitch Aerodynamic Forces (Effect of High Speed)
34. TAS+Induced Flow Airflow due to Rotational Velocity RAF NB: Rotational Drag reduced, RPM increases. Don’t exceed limits. Thrust High Speed Fixed Pitch Aerodynamic Forces (Effect of High Speed)
35. TAS+Induced Flow Airflow due to Rotational Velocity RAF Total Reaction Thrust Slow Speed Variable Pitch Aerodynamic Forces (Effect of High Speed)
36. Faster TAS+Induced Flow Airflow due to Rotational Velocity RAF Total Reaction Thrust (eventually reduces) High Speed Variable Pitch (same or possibly greater) Aerodynamic Forces (Effect of High Speed)
40. Windmilling Propeller Negative TAS Airflow due to Rotational Velocity TR Negative Thrust (Drag) Negative Rotational Drag (Driving The Propeller)
41. Windmilling Propeller Negative TAS Airflow due to Rotational Velocity TR Negative Thrust (Drag) Negative Rotational Drag (Driving The Propeller) This may cause further damage, even Fire.
42. Feathered Propeller Note that in Firefly/Tutor prop goes to “Fine Pitch” if engine rotating, “Coarse Pitch” if engine seized Although twisted, in aggregate, blade at “Zero Lift α ”. Therefore drag at minimum.
43. Take-Off Swings All Aircraft: Torque Reaction means greater rolling resistance on one wheel Helical slipstream acts more on one side of the fin than the other
PROPELLERS (TERMINOLOGY) Airflow due to rotational velocity Induced flow This is the air drawn through the disc. Relative airflow Where is AOA? (Chord line/relative airflow) Always looking for optimum AOA, which is? (4) What is other angle? (Chord line/Airflow due to rotational velocity) Quick look at AOA of blade from hub to tip to maintain 4o AOA (If prop stationary then the airflow through would be TAS)
PROPELLER BLADE TWIST What is the problem with a prop blade? What is the tip doing relative to the hub?
EFFECT OF AIRSPEED Induced flow + TAS does what to AOA? Less efficient How do we counter this?
EFFECT OF AIRSPEED Induced flow + TAS does what to AOA? Less efficient How do we counter this?
EXAMPLES OF PROPS WHY DIFFERENT? Depends on Power output of the engine
WINDMILLING PROPELLER Negative AOA Normally the prop will fine-off to maintain rpm (rotational drag) This will even try to drive the engine (oil failure) Could cause engine failure so: we want the blade to produce zero torque and reduce drag to a minimum How is this done?
SLIDE 40 FEATHERED PROPELLER The idea is to reduce the drag
TAKE-OFF SWINGS Prop rotating clockwise from cockpit All Aircraft: Torque Reaction means greater rolling resistance on one wheel. (Newton’s 3rd Law) More weight supported by wheel more drag. USE MODEL Helical slipstream acts more on one side of the fin than the other Rotating clockwise from behind - Tail wheel aircraft only: Asymmetric blade effect Top picture both propeller sections are equal also distance travelled are equal. Picture exaggerated but downgoing blade has greater AOA more thrust. Distance travelled by downgoing blade greater. Gyroscopic effect When tailwheel raised all effects are zero (until rotate?) But, force applied to top of disc (gyro) then clockwise rotation will cause yaw to the left Obviously anticlockwise all reversed. Affect all aircraft on rotate? All Aircraft: Don’t forget crosswind effect. (if yaw to left because of slipstream then get a crosswind from the right)
CENTRIFUGAL TWISTING MOMENT This makes it more difficult for the pitch changing mechanism when increasing pitch. Better to increase the number of blades rather than make larger
AERODYNAMIC TWISTING MOMENT Tries to increase AOA, this partially offsets CTM When windmilling in a steep dive the ATM is reversed and enhances CTM. This could prevent pitch mechanism from working
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