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Fighter aircraft are military planes designed primarily for air-to-air combat against other aircraft. They are characterized by their speed, maneuverability, and small size relative to other combat aircraft. Historically, fighters were referred to as "scouts" or "pursuit" aircraft. Their main purpose is air-to-air combat. Key components of fighter planes include wings, fuselage, power units such as jet engines, and control surfaces like ailerons and elevators.
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Basic aircraft control system
The document summarizes the basic control systems of an aircraft, including primary, secondary, and auxiliary flight controls. Primary controls include elevators, ailerons, and rudders which control pitch, roll, and yaw respectively. Secondary controls include trim tabs which help balance aircraft forces. Auxiliary controls include flaps, spoilers, and slats which provide additional lift, especially at lower speeds. The document describes the purpose and function of each control surface.
Aircrafts
The document discusses different types of aircraft and their components. It defines an airplane as a heavier-than-air craft propelled by an engine that uses wings to generate lift, as opposed to other aircraft like gliders or helicopters. Aircraft are categorized into general aviation, commercial, and military. The key components of an airplane discussed are the fuselage, wings, empennage/tail, power plant, and landing gear. Different wing and tail designs are described for varying aircraft speeds and purposes. Common materials used in airframe construction include steel alloys, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, magnesium alloys, and composites due to their strength, light weight, and corrosion resistance.
Aircraft landing gear
It is an undercarriage of an aircraft, which supports the entire weight during landing and ground operation.
Aircraft landing gear system
This document provides an overview of aircraft landing gear systems. It describes the main components, including the types of landing gear arrangements (tail wheel, tandem, tricycle), construction details, alignment and retraction mechanisms, nose wheel steering, braking systems, tires, and antiskid systems. The purpose of landing gear is to support the aircraft during landing and taxiing. Retractable gear stows in the fuselage or wings to reduce drag while flying. Nose wheel steering and braking systems provide directional control on the ground. Aircraft tires must withstand high loads and provide traction for takeoff and landing. Antiskid systems help maintain braking effectiveness.
Basics of airplanes
Nomenclature and classification of controls in an airplane (slide # 3-4).
Which are the aerodynamic forces acting on airplane (slide # 5).
Working principle of an airplane (slide # 6).
How an airplane flies (basic motions of an airplane) (slide # 7).
How controls play their roles in these motions (slide # 8-22).
Simulate a flight in Cessna Skyhawk (slide # 23-28).
References and Questions & answers (slide # 30).
9. approach and landing
This document discusses approach and landing performance requirements. It covers topics like approach definition, maximum and minimum speeds, landing weight limitations, climb requirements, landing distances, and factors affecting landing distance. Specifically, it defines speeds like VREF (reference landing approach speed) and VAPP (actual landing speed). It also discusses requirements for landing and approach climb gradients, and how to calculate landing distance required versus landing distance available on the runway.
Aircraft basics
This document provides an overview of aircraft basics including:
- The main components of an aircraft including wings, empennage, landing gear, and power plants. Wings can be high-wing, mid-wing, or low-wing and include ailerons and flaps. The empennage includes vertical and horizontal stabilizers with rudders and elevators.
- The four main forces acting on an aircraft during flight: lift, thrust, weight, and drag. Bernoulli's equation is presented relating to lift.
- Primary flight controls including ailerons, elevators, rudders, and various tail configurations. Pitch, yaw, and V-tail are also explained.
- Secondary flight controls
Forces acting in an airplane edwin pitty s.
The four main forces acting on an airplane in flight are thrust, drag, lift, and weight. Thrust is produced by the engine and propeller and opposes drag. Drag is a retarding force caused by air flowing around the airplane. Weight pulls the airplane downward due to gravity, and lift opposes weight and is produced by air flowing over the wings. Understanding and controlling these four forces through power and flight controls is essential to flight.
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Basic aircraft control system
The document summarizes the basic control systems of an aircraft, including primary, secondary, and auxiliary flight controls. Primary controls include elevators, ailerons, and rudders which control pitch, roll, and yaw respectively. Secondary controls include trim tabs which help balance aircraft forces. Auxiliary controls include flaps, spoilers, and slats which provide additional lift, especially at lower speeds. The document describes the purpose and function of each control surface.
Aircrafts
The document discusses different types of aircraft and their components. It defines an airplane as a heavier-than-air craft propelled by an engine that uses wings to generate lift, as opposed to other aircraft like gliders or helicopters. Aircraft are categorized into general aviation, commercial, and military. The key components of an airplane discussed are the fuselage, wings, empennage/tail, power plant, and landing gear. Different wing and tail designs are described for varying aircraft speeds and purposes. Common materials used in airframe construction include steel alloys, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, magnesium alloys, and composites due to their strength, light weight, and corrosion resistance.
Aircraft landing gear
It is an undercarriage of an aircraft, which supports the entire weight during landing and ground operation.
Aircraft landing gear system
This document provides an overview of aircraft landing gear systems. It describes the main components, including the types of landing gear arrangements (tail wheel, tandem, tricycle), construction details, alignment and retraction mechanisms, nose wheel steering, braking systems, tires, and antiskid systems. The purpose of landing gear is to support the aircraft during landing and taxiing. Retractable gear stows in the fuselage or wings to reduce drag while flying. Nose wheel steering and braking systems provide directional control on the ground. Aircraft tires must withstand high loads and provide traction for takeoff and landing. Antiskid systems help maintain braking effectiveness.
Basics of airplanes
Nomenclature and classification of controls in an airplane (slide # 3-4).
Which are the aerodynamic forces acting on airplane (slide # 5).
Working principle of an airplane (slide # 6).
How an airplane flies (basic motions of an airplane) (slide # 7).
How controls play their roles in these motions (slide # 8-22).
Simulate a flight in Cessna Skyhawk (slide # 23-28).
References and Questions & answers (slide # 30).
9. approach and landing
This document discusses approach and landing performance requirements. It covers topics like approach definition, maximum and minimum speeds, landing weight limitations, climb requirements, landing distances, and factors affecting landing distance. Specifically, it defines speeds like VREF (reference landing approach speed) and VAPP (actual landing speed). It also discusses requirements for landing and approach climb gradients, and how to calculate landing distance required versus landing distance available on the runway.
Aircraft basics
This document provides an overview of aircraft basics including:
- The main components of an aircraft including wings, empennage, landing gear, and power plants. Wings can be high-wing, mid-wing, or low-wing and include ailerons and flaps. The empennage includes vertical and horizontal stabilizers with rudders and elevators.
- The four main forces acting on an aircraft during flight: lift, thrust, weight, and drag. Bernoulli's equation is presented relating to lift.
- Primary flight controls including ailerons, elevators, rudders, and various tail configurations. Pitch, yaw, and V-tail are also explained.
- Secondary flight controls
Forces acting in an airplane edwin pitty s.
The four main forces acting on an airplane in flight are thrust, drag, lift, and weight. Thrust is produced by the engine and propeller and opposes drag. Drag is a retarding force caused by air flowing around the airplane. Weight pulls the airplane downward due to gravity, and lift opposes weight and is produced by air flowing over the wings. Understanding and controlling these four forces through power and flight controls is essential to flight.
Aircraft Wing
This document provides an overview of aircraft wings, including their:
- Historical development from ancient kites to the Wright brothers' fixed-wing aircraft.
- Construction, with internal structures like ribs, spars, stringers, and skin covering the framework. Wings also contain fuel tanks, flaps, and other devices.
- Functions, as wings generate lift through Bernoulli's principle and critical angle of attack. Wing design factors like aspect ratio and camber also affect lift.
- Types based on position (fixed or movable) and structure (cantilever or strut-braced). Stability devices like ailerons and flaps are also described.
- Unconventional designs that
Brief history of aviation by madhav
Aviation has a long history dating back over 2000 years to ideas of flying vehicles in ancient India. Leonardo da Vinci made early conceptual designs for airplanes and lighter-than-air vehicles in the 15th century. The Wright brothers achieved the first successful powered airplane flight in 1903, ushering in the era of heavier-than-air flight. Developments like jet engines in the mid-20th century increased airplane efficiency and led to modern passenger air transport.
History of flight
This document outlines the history of flight, beginning with the Montgolfier brothers' hot air balloon in 1783. It then discusses the development of airships in 1852 by Henri Giffard and the Wright brothers' pioneering work with gliders and the first powered airplane flight in 1903. The document also briefly summarizes key developments like Charles Lindbergh's first solo transatlantic flight in 1927 and advances during World War II and the introduction of jet airliners like the Boeing 747 and supersonic Concorde in the 1970s.
History of Aviation by Robert Andrei
The history of aviation spans over 2000 years from early kites and gliders to modern powered flight. Some key developments include:
- The earliest recorded use of kites was in China around 200 BC to measure distances. Early attempts at human flight included Greek inventor Archytas' steam-powered "pigeon" around 400 BC.
- In the 9th century, Abbas Ibn Firnas constructed a basic glider and is said to have flown short distances in Spain, while in 1010 the English monk Eilmer of Malmesbury flew a glider around 200 meters.
- Lighter than air flight began in 1783 with hot air balloons invented by the Montgolfier
Aircraft instruments
This document provides information about various aircraft instruments including:
- The airspeed indicator which uses ram air from the pitot tube and static air, and displays airspeeds like Vso and Vfe. Blockages of the pitot tube or static vent can cause errors.
- The altimeter which uses only static air input and displays various altitudes like indicated, pressure, and density altitude. Not updating the altimeter setting can cause errors.
- Gyroscopic instruments like the attitude indicator and heading indicator which function based on the principles of rigidity in space and precession.
- The turn coordinator and inclinometer which indicate aircraft bank and slip/skid.
- The magnetic compass
Basics of Aerodynamics
This document discusses the basics of aerodynamics and the four main forces of flight - lift, weight, thrust, and drag. It explains how lift is generated by the airflow around an airfoil based on Bernoulli's principle. It also discusses factors like angle of attack, stalls, and the primary flight controls of ailerons, elevators, and rudder that allow pilots to maneuver aircraft by changing lift. Additionally, it covers the different types of drag forces and wake turbulence created by wingtip vortices. Secondary flight controls like flaps and trim are also summarized.
Aircraft fuel system
Refueling and defueling aircraft requires specific procedures and safety precautions. There are two main types of aviation fuel - AVGAS for piston engines and AVTUR for turbine engines. Refueling can be done through an open orifice or pressure system. The refueling procedure involves bonding the fuel truck and nozzle, using a mat to protect the wing, and avoiding contact between the nozzle and tank bottom. Defueling uses suction pumps or gravity to drain tanks through valves or petcocks. Safety precautions mandate only trained personnel, fire extinguishers, correct fuel grades, bonding of all components, cleanup of spills, and avoidance of ignition sources during the process.
Landing gear
Abstract:
Landing gear is one of the critical subsystems of an aircraft. The need to design landing gear with minimum weight, minimum volume, high performance, improved life and reduced life cycle cost have posed many challenges to landing gear designers and practitioners. Further it is essential to reduce the landing gear design and development cycle time while meeting all the regulatory and safety requirements. Many technologies have been developed over the years to meet these challenges in design and development of landing gear. This paper presents a perspective on various stages of landing gear design and development, current technology landscape and how these technologies are helping us to meet the challenges involved in the development of landing gear and how they are going to evolve in future.
NAME : S. Srinivasa Phani Kumar
Branch : MECHANICAL
College : SWARNANDHRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
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V n diagram
This document discusses aircraft structural design limits and flight envelopes. It explains that flight envelopes graphically show the speed and load factor limits an aircraft can withstand based on factors like stall speed and maneuvering capabilities. The curves account for factors like altitude and critical Mach number. Load factors in the flight envelope are determined based on expected maneuvering loads and gust loads, with statistical analysis used to estimate extreme loads the aircraft may encounter over its operational life. Structural design limits like limit load, proof load, and ultimate load are set to ensure the aircraft can withstand expected loads with safety margins.
Aircraft performance
The document discusses aircraft performance certification and optimizing an aircraft's payload and range ability given physical and environmental limitations. It covers manufacturer's weight empty, operating empty weight, maximum zero fuel weight, maximum takeoff weight, and how payload and fuel affect an aircraft's range. Changing design aspects like maximum takeoff weight, zero fuel weight, and fuel capacity can impact the payload-range envelope.
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This document provides an overview of aircraft landing gear systems. It describes three common types of landing gear: tricycle gear, taildragger gear, and ski gear. It then discusses key components of landing gear systems like nose wheel steering, shimmy damping systems, and safety systems. Nose wheel steering uses hydraulic power to turn the nose wheel. Shimmy damping systems like piston, vane, and steer types control unwanted vibration. Safety systems include mechanical downlocks, safety switches, and ground locks to prevent accidental gear retraction.
Air Traffic Control
Air traffic control ensures the safe and efficient movement of aircraft by separating them both vertically and horizontally. Controllers provide guidance to pilots to allow aircraft to take off and land safely in varying weather conditions using a variety of visual and electronic aids. The main goals of air traffic control are safety, efficiency, and economy by avoiding collisions, minimizing delays, and making effective use of facilities. Controllers use different flight rules depending on visibility, providing more guidance to pilots under instrument flight rules when visibility is low.
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The document provides information on the components and problems of airports and airways in Pakistan. It discusses the basic definitions of airports, airfields, aerodromes and airways. It then describes the key components of an airport including runways, taxiways, airport terminal buildings, aircraft stands, control towers, hangars and parking areas. It also notes there are problems faced by the Civil Aviation Authority in Pakistan.
Aircraft types and structure
There are three main types of commercial aircraft: passenger aircraft, cargo aircraft, and combi aircraft which carries both passengers and cargo. Commercial passenger aircraft contain amenities like restrooms, a galley for food preparation, and entertainment systems. They are divided into classes like first class, business class, and economy class. Cargo aircraft are freighters that carry only cargo, while combi aircraft split the aircraft in half with passengers in one side and cargo on the other. Aircraft are also classified based on features such as number of engines, range, and size/payload capacity.
Theory of flight final
This document discusses aircraft flight control systems. It describes three main categories of flight controls: primary, secondary, and auxiliary.
Primary flight controls include elevators, ailerons, and the rudder. Elevators control pitch, ailerons control roll, and the rudder controls yaw. Secondary flight controls include trim tabs which help balance aircraft control forces. Auxiliary controls include flaps and other high lift devices which allow aircraft to fly at slower speeds. The document provides details on how each of these various control surfaces and systems function.
Basic aircraft structure
The document provides an overview of the basic components and structures of aircraft, including the fuselage, wings, empennage, power plant, and landing gear. It describes the typical materials used in aircraft construction and gives examples of different structural designs for the fuselage, wings, empennage, and landing gear. Key terms related to aircraft components and structures are also defined.
Flight Basics
The document summarizes the four main forces that act on an aircraft in flight - lift, thrust, gravity, and drag. It explains how lift is generated by the wing's airfoil shape and angle of attack, how thrust provides forward momentum, how drag creates resistance, and how gravity affects G-forces. It also describes the primary control surfaces - ailerons, elevators, rudder, and flaps - and how they control the aircraft's roll, pitch, and yaw.
Basic aircraft structure
The document discusses the key components and structures of aircraft, including:
1) The fuselage, which is the main body and includes different structural types like truss, monocoque, and semi-monocoque.
2) Wings, which provide lift and include various designs attached at different positions on the fuselage, as well as wing structures using spars, ribs, and stringers.
3) The empennage or tail section, consisting of the vertical and horizontal stabilizers along with movable surfaces like the rudder and elevators.
4) The landing gear, usually a wheeled structure but sometimes floats or skis, which supports the airplane during takeoff, landing,
LANDING GEAR
The document discusses the different types and components of aircraft landing gears. It describes the three main types as tail dragger, bicycle, and tricycle landing gears. It then explains the key components of landing gears which include shock absorbers, extraction/retraction mechanisms, wheels, tires, struts, and brakes. The document provides details on how each component works and its purpose in supporting the aircraft during landing and taxiing. It also briefly discusses belly landings during emergencies and some historical crashes related to landing gear issues.
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This document provides an overview of aircraft wings, including their:
- Historical development from ancient kites to the Wright brothers' fixed-wing aircraft.
- Construction, with internal structures like ribs, spars, stringers, and skin covering the framework. Wings also contain fuel tanks, flaps, and other devices.
- Functions, as wings generate lift through Bernoulli's principle and critical angle of attack. Wing design factors like aspect ratio and camber also affect lift.
- Types based on position (fixed or movable) and structure (cantilever or strut-braced). Stability devices like ailerons and flaps are also described.
- Unconventional designs that
Brief history of aviation by madhav
Aviation has a long history dating back over 2000 years to ideas of flying vehicles in ancient India. Leonardo da Vinci made early conceptual designs for airplanes and lighter-than-air vehicles in the 15th century. The Wright brothers achieved the first successful powered airplane flight in 1903, ushering in the era of heavier-than-air flight. Developments like jet engines in the mid-20th century increased airplane efficiency and led to modern passenger air transport.
History of flight
This document outlines the history of flight, beginning with the Montgolfier brothers' hot air balloon in 1783. It then discusses the development of airships in 1852 by Henri Giffard and the Wright brothers' pioneering work with gliders and the first powered airplane flight in 1903. The document also briefly summarizes key developments like Charles Lindbergh's first solo transatlantic flight in 1927 and advances during World War II and the introduction of jet airliners like the Boeing 747 and supersonic Concorde in the 1970s.
History of Aviation by Robert Andrei
The history of aviation spans over 2000 years from early kites and gliders to modern powered flight. Some key developments include:
- The earliest recorded use of kites was in China around 200 BC to measure distances. Early attempts at human flight included Greek inventor Archytas' steam-powered "pigeon" around 400 BC.
- In the 9th century, Abbas Ibn Firnas constructed a basic glider and is said to have flown short distances in Spain, while in 1010 the English monk Eilmer of Malmesbury flew a glider around 200 meters.
- Lighter than air flight began in 1783 with hot air balloons invented by the Montgolfier
Aircraft instruments
This document provides information about various aircraft instruments including:
- The airspeed indicator which uses ram air from the pitot tube and static air, and displays airspeeds like Vso and Vfe. Blockages of the pitot tube or static vent can cause errors.
- The altimeter which uses only static air input and displays various altitudes like indicated, pressure, and density altitude. Not updating the altimeter setting can cause errors.
- Gyroscopic instruments like the attitude indicator and heading indicator which function based on the principles of rigidity in space and precession.
- The turn coordinator and inclinometer which indicate aircraft bank and slip/skid.
- The magnetic compass
Basics of Aerodynamics
This document discusses the basics of aerodynamics and the four main forces of flight - lift, weight, thrust, and drag. It explains how lift is generated by the airflow around an airfoil based on Bernoulli's principle. It also discusses factors like angle of attack, stalls, and the primary flight controls of ailerons, elevators, and rudder that allow pilots to maneuver aircraft by changing lift. Additionally, it covers the different types of drag forces and wake turbulence created by wingtip vortices. Secondary flight controls like flaps and trim are also summarized.
Aircraft fuel system
Refueling and defueling aircraft requires specific procedures and safety precautions. There are two main types of aviation fuel - AVGAS for piston engines and AVTUR for turbine engines. Refueling can be done through an open orifice or pressure system. The refueling procedure involves bonding the fuel truck and nozzle, using a mat to protect the wing, and avoiding contact between the nozzle and tank bottom. Defueling uses suction pumps or gravity to drain tanks through valves or petcocks. Safety precautions mandate only trained personnel, fire extinguishers, correct fuel grades, bonding of all components, cleanup of spills, and avoidance of ignition sources during the process.
Landing gear
Abstract:
Landing gear is one of the critical subsystems of an aircraft. The need to design landing gear with minimum weight, minimum volume, high performance, improved life and reduced life cycle cost have posed many challenges to landing gear designers and practitioners. Further it is essential to reduce the landing gear design and development cycle time while meeting all the regulatory and safety requirements. Many technologies have been developed over the years to meet these challenges in design and development of landing gear. This paper presents a perspective on various stages of landing gear design and development, current technology landscape and how these technologies are helping us to meet the challenges involved in the development of landing gear and how they are going to evolve in future.
NAME : S. Srinivasa Phani Kumar
Branch : MECHANICAL
College : SWARNANDHRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Types of aircraft presentation
Aircraft can be categorized in three ways: by basic design as either lighter-than-air or heavier-than-air, by propulsion as either power driven or non-power driven, and by wing design as either aeroplanes with fixed wings or rotorcraft with rotary wings. Lighter-than-air aircraft rely on gases for lift while heavier-than-air aircraft use air flowing over wings. Power driven aircraft use engines for propulsion and non-power driven use gravity and aerodynamic forces. Aeroplanes have stationary wings and rotorcraft have rotating wings.
V n diagram
This document discusses aircraft structural design limits and flight envelopes. It explains that flight envelopes graphically show the speed and load factor limits an aircraft can withstand based on factors like stall speed and maneuvering capabilities. The curves account for factors like altitude and critical Mach number. Load factors in the flight envelope are determined based on expected maneuvering loads and gust loads, with statistical analysis used to estimate extreme loads the aircraft may encounter over its operational life. Structural design limits like limit load, proof load, and ultimate load are set to ensure the aircraft can withstand expected loads with safety margins.
Aircraft performance
The document discusses aircraft performance certification and optimizing an aircraft's payload and range ability given physical and environmental limitations. It covers manufacturer's weight empty, operating empty weight, maximum zero fuel weight, maximum takeoff weight, and how payload and fuel affect an aircraft's range. Changing design aspects like maximum takeoff weight, zero fuel weight, and fuel capacity can impact the payload-range envelope.
Aircraft Systems and Instruments
This document provides an overview of aircraft landing gear systems. It describes three common types of landing gear: tricycle gear, taildragger gear, and ski gear. It then discusses key components of landing gear systems like nose wheel steering, shimmy damping systems, and safety systems. Nose wheel steering uses hydraulic power to turn the nose wheel. Shimmy damping systems like piston, vane, and steer types control unwanted vibration. Safety systems include mechanical downlocks, safety switches, and ground locks to prevent accidental gear retraction.
Air Traffic Control
Air traffic control ensures the safe and efficient movement of aircraft by separating them both vertically and horizontally. Controllers provide guidance to pilots to allow aircraft to take off and land safely in varying weather conditions using a variety of visual and electronic aids. The main goals of air traffic control are safety, efficiency, and economy by avoiding collisions, minimizing delays, and making effective use of facilities. Controllers use different flight rules depending on visibility, providing more guidance to pilots under instrument flight rules when visibility is low.
Airport
The document provides information on the components and problems of airports and airways in Pakistan. It discusses the basic definitions of airports, airfields, aerodromes and airways. It then describes the key components of an airport including runways, taxiways, airport terminal buildings, aircraft stands, control towers, hangars and parking areas. It also notes there are problems faced by the Civil Aviation Authority in Pakistan.
Aircraft types and structure
There are three main types of commercial aircraft: passenger aircraft, cargo aircraft, and combi aircraft which carries both passengers and cargo. Commercial passenger aircraft contain amenities like restrooms, a galley for food preparation, and entertainment systems. They are divided into classes like first class, business class, and economy class. Cargo aircraft are freighters that carry only cargo, while combi aircraft split the aircraft in half with passengers in one side and cargo on the other. Aircraft are also classified based on features such as number of engines, range, and size/payload capacity.
Theory of flight final
This document discusses aircraft flight control systems. It describes three main categories of flight controls: primary, secondary, and auxiliary.
Primary flight controls include elevators, ailerons, and the rudder. Elevators control pitch, ailerons control roll, and the rudder controls yaw. Secondary flight controls include trim tabs which help balance aircraft control forces. Auxiliary controls include flaps and other high lift devices which allow aircraft to fly at slower speeds. The document provides details on how each of these various control surfaces and systems function.
Basic aircraft structure
The document provides an overview of the basic components and structures of aircraft, including the fuselage, wings, empennage, power plant, and landing gear. It describes the typical materials used in aircraft construction and gives examples of different structural designs for the fuselage, wings, empennage, and landing gear. Key terms related to aircraft components and structures are also defined.
Flight Basics
The document summarizes the four main forces that act on an aircraft in flight - lift, thrust, gravity, and drag. It explains how lift is generated by the wing's airfoil shape and angle of attack, how thrust provides forward momentum, how drag creates resistance, and how gravity affects G-forces. It also describes the primary control surfaces - ailerons, elevators, rudder, and flaps - and how they control the aircraft's roll, pitch, and yaw.
Basic aircraft structure
The document discusses the key components and structures of aircraft, including:
1) The fuselage, which is the main body and includes different structural types like truss, monocoque, and semi-monocoque.
2) Wings, which provide lift and include various designs attached at different positions on the fuselage, as well as wing structures using spars, ribs, and stringers.
3) The empennage or tail section, consisting of the vertical and horizontal stabilizers along with movable surfaces like the rudder and elevators.
4) The landing gear, usually a wheeled structure but sometimes floats or skis, which supports the airplane during takeoff, landing,
LANDING GEAR
The document discusses the different types and components of aircraft landing gears. It describes the three main types as tail dragger, bicycle, and tricycle landing gears. It then explains the key components of landing gears which include shock absorbers, extraction/retraction mechanisms, wheels, tires, struts, and brakes. The document provides details on how each component works and its purpose in supporting the aircraft during landing and taxiing. It also briefly discusses belly landings during emergencies and some historical crashes related to landing gear issues.
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4.Strategize to Retain Your Best Talent.
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- Coefficient of insensitiveness, which is a measure of how friction prevents governor movements with speed changes.
Hartnell governor
The document discusses the Hartnell governor, a type of spring-controlled centrifugal governor. The Hartnell governor uses two bell crank levers with balls on one end and rollers on the other. A helical spring is mounted around the spindle between the frame and sleeve. As the speed increases, the balls move outward, lifting the sleeve against the spring force via the rollers. As speed decreases, the sleeve moves downward. The sleeve's movement controls the throttle of an engine through linkages.
Porter Governor
Porter Governor is a modification of Watt Governor with central load attached to the sleeve. This load moves up and down the central spindle. The additional force increases the speed of revolution required to enable the balls to rise to any predetermined level.
watt governor
The document discusses governors, which are devices used to regulate engine speed under varying load conditions by controlling fuel supply. It describes the classification and basic workings of centrifugal and inertia governors. Specifically, it provides details on the construction and operation of the Watt governor, a simple centrifugal governor that uses two flyballs attached to arms to control a throttle valve based on engine speed.
Concept of Governor
A governor is a system that is used to maintain the mean speed of an engine, within certain limits, under fluctuating load conditions. It does this by regulating and controlling the amount of fuel supplied to the engine.
Forging
Forging is the operation where the metal is heated and then a force is applied to manipulates the metals in such a way that the required final shape is obtained.
Grinding
It is a material cutting process which engages an abrasive tool whose cutting elements are grains of.
Eutectic, eutectoid, peritectoid, peritectic
phase transition (or phase change) is most commonly used to describe transitions between solid, liquid and gaseous states of matter, and, in rare cases, plasma.
Recovery recrystallization and grain growth
Recrystallization is the process in which deformed grains of the crystal structure are replaced by a new set of stress-free grains that nucleate and grow until all the original grains have been consumed. The process is accomplished by heating the material to temperatures above that of crystallization.
More from Prem Kumar Soni (20)
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Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptx
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
AI + Data Community Tour - Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstei...
AI + Data Community Tour - Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstei...Paris Salesforce Developer Group
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for...
Variable frequency drive .A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is an electronic device used to control the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for motor control, providing significant energy savings and precise motor operation.
SCALING OF MOS CIRCUITS m .pptx
this ppt explains about scaling parameters of the mosfet it is basically vlsi subject
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
一比一原版(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdf
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
22CYT12-Unit-V-E Waste and its Management.ppt
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 08 Doors and Windows.pdf
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 08 Doors and Windows
一比一原版(CalArts毕业证)加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证如何办理
CalArts毕业证学历书【微信95270640】CalArts毕业证’圣力嘉学院毕业证《Q微信95270640》办理CalArts毕业证√文凭学历制作{CalArts文凭}购买学历学位证书本科硕士,CalArts毕业证学历学位证【实体公司】办毕业证、成绩单、学历认证、学位证、文凭认证、办留信网认证、（网上可查，实体公司，专业可靠）
(诚招代理)办理国外高校毕业证成绩单文凭学位证,真实使馆公证（留学回国人员证明）真实留信网认证国外学历学位认证雅思代考国外学校代申请名校保录开请假条改GPA改成绩ID卡
1.高仿业务:【本科硕士】毕业证,成绩单（GPA修改）,学历认证（教育部认证）,大学Offer,,ID,留信认证,使馆认证,雅思,语言证书等高仿类证书；
2.认证服务: 学历认证（教育部认证）,大使馆认证（回国人员证明）,留信认证（可查有编号证书）,大学保录取,雅思保分成绩单。
3.技术服务：钢印水印烫金激光防伪凹凸版设计印刷激凸温感光标底纹镭射速度快。
办理加利福尼亚艺术学院加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证文凭证书流程：
1客户提供办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）
-办理真实使馆公证（即留学回国人员证明）
-办理各国各大学文凭（世界名校一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度）
-全套服务：毕业证成绩单真实使馆公证真实教育部认证。让您回国发展信心十足！
（详情请加一下 文凭顾问+微信:95270640）欢迎咨询！子小伍玩小伍比山娃小一岁虎头虎脑的很霸气父亲让山娃跟小伍去夏令营听课山娃很高兴夏令营就设在附近一所小学山娃发现那所小学比自己的学校更大更美操场上还铺有塑胶跑道呢里面很多小朋友一班一班的快快乐乐原来城里娃都藏这儿来了怪不得平时见不到他们山娃恍然大悟起来吹拉弹唱琴棋书画山娃都不懂却什么都想学山娃怨自己太笨什么都不会斟酌再三山娃终于选定了学美术当听说每月要交元时父亲犹豫了山娃也说爸算了吧咱学校一学期才转
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
原版制作(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微bwp0011】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Data Driven Maintenance | UReason Webinar
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Gas agency management system project report.pdf
The project entitled "Gas Agency" is done to make the manual process easier by making it a computerized system for billing and maintaining stock. The Gas Agencies get the order request through phone calls or by personal from their customers and deliver the gas cylinders to their address based on their demand and previous delivery date. This process is made computerized and the customer's name, address and stock details are stored in a database. Based on this the billing for a customer is made simple and easier, since a customer order for gas can be accepted only after completing a certain period from the previous delivery. This can be calculated and billed easily through this. There are two types of delivery like domestic purpose use delivery and commercial purpose use delivery. The bill rate and capacity differs for both. This can be easily maintained and charged accordingly.
Recently uploaded (20)
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptx
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AI + Data Community Tour - Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstei...
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VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for...
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Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdf
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdf
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 08 Doors and Windows.pdf
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 08 Doors and Windows.pdf
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Aircraft parts
- 1. Prem Kumar Soni Assistant Professor Mechanical Department LNCT-S 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 1
- 2. A fighter aircraft is a military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat against other aircraft, as opposed to bombers and attack aircraft, whose main mission is to attack ground targets. The hallmarks of a fighter are its speed, maneuverability, and small size relative to other combat aircraft. 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 2
- 3. The word "fighter" did not become the official English-language term for such aircraft until after World War I. In the British Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force these aircraft were referred to as "scouts" into the early 1920s. The U.S. Army called their fighters "pursuit" aircraft from 1916 until the late 1940s. In most languages a fighter aircraft is known as a hunter, or hunting aircraft 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 3
- 4. 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 4 Landing on HMS Furious in a Sopwith Pup scout
- 5. PURPOSE (Military Only) : FIGHTER – Used to fight other aircraft in the air BOMBER – Drops bombs GROUND ATTACK – Attacks targets on the ground TRANSPORT – Used to carry large quantities of supplies or people TRAINER – To learn student pilots to fly TANKER – Used to refuel other aircraft in the air HELICOPTER – A vertical take-off aircraft 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 5
- 6. 1. WINGS 2. FUSELAGE 3. POWER UNIT 4. UNDERCARRIAGE 5. CONTROL SURFACES 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 6
- 7. The main distinguishing features of an aircraft : 1. Wing position 2. Wing shape 3. Wing number 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 7
- 8. LOW WING MID WING HIGH WING 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 8
- 9. RECTANGULAR TAPERED SWEPT DELTA 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 9
- 10. MONOPLANE BIPLANE TRIPLANE 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 10
- 11. 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 11 The main body of an aircraft.
- 12. Can contains : Cockpit : flight and navigation instruments, controls, windshield Passenger cabins Galley Toilets Wardrobe Technical compartement 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 12
- 13. NOSE EMPENNAGE / TAIL UNIT 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 13
- 14. The main distinguishing features of an aircraft : 1. Engine position 2. Engine number 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 14
- 15. ON THE WINGS ON THE WING PYLONS CLOSE TO THE FUSELAGE REAR MOUNTED 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 15
- 16. SINGLE ENGINE TWIN ENGINE TRIPLE ENGINE FOUR (MULTIPLE) ENGINE 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 16
- 17. PISTON (PROPELLER) TURBOPROP (PROPELLER TURBINE) JET TURBOFAN 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 17
- 18. Types of landing gear : NOSE WHEEL MAIN LANDING GEAR fixed retractable TAIL WHEEL 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 18
- 19. 1. WING : FLAPS AILERONS 2. TAIL UNIT : RUDDER ELEVATORS 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 19
- 20. FLAPS extended for approach, landing and take-off to increase the lift of the wings at low speed AILERONS move in opposite direction to bank/roll the airplane (control stick to R/L) 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 20
- 21. RUDDER hindged to the stationary FIN to control the yaw (L/R) of an airplane (pedals) ELEVATORS hinged to the HOROZONTAL STABILIZER, move in same direction to control the pitch (up/down) of the airplane (control stick push/pull) 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 21
- 22. 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 22
- 23. 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 23
- 24. 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 24
- 25. 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 25
- 26. 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 26
- 27. 5. 12. 2016 Lecture Notes On Topic "Fighter Plane" by Prem Kumar Soni 27