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Agility 
The Scientific definition of 
how to be(come) Agile 
Luca Minudel
Some one, a team or an organization 
do better than 
another one with more knowledge & experience of Lean-Agile 
Why? 
How can the 
other catch-up?
Intuitive understanding
Anticipation ÷Adaptation 
Anticipation 
Adaptation
Anticipation ÷Adaptation 
Anticipation 
Curiosity 
Confidence 
Safety 
Adaptation
Anticipation ÷Adaptation
Anticipation ÷Adaptation
Anticipation ÷Adaptation 
100% 
Known
Anticipation ÷Adaptation 
? % 
Known Unknown Uncertain Change 
100%
A Scientific Definition of Agility 
Agility is a new way of thinking about and preparing for 
the unanticipated. 
Is the capability to successfully effect, cope with, and 
exploit changes in circumstances.
A Scientific Definition of Agility
Enhancing Agility Characteristics 
 Versatility (passive) 
allow an entity to continue to operate effectively as is, 
despite changes in circumstances or conditions
Enhancing Agility Characteristics 
 Versatility (passive)
Enhancing Agility Characteristics 
 Versatility (passive)
Enhancing Agility Characteristics 
 Flexibility (passive) 
The ability to try and employ 
multiple ways to succeed, 
when the preferred response does not work, 
and the capacity to move seamlessly between them; 
learning more than one way to do things
Enhancing Agility Characteristics 
 Resilience (passive + active) 
the ability to recover from or adjust to misfortune, damage, or 
a destabilizing perturbation in the environment; 
with the ability to repair, replace, patch, or otherwise 
reconstitute lost capability or performance, 
at least in part and over time
Enhancing Agility Characteristics 
 Adaptability (active) 
the ability to change work processes and the ability to change 
the organization; 
the ability to recognize changes in the environment and in 
shifting priorities and rapid change, 
identify the critical elements of the new situation 
and trigger changes accordingly
Enhancing Agility Characteristics 
 Responsiveness (active) 
the ability to react to a change in the environment 
in a timely manner; 
it involves speed and also the consideration of when would be 
the appropriate time to act
Enhancing Agility Characteristics 
 Innovativeness (active) 
the ability to do new things and the ability to do old things in 
new ways, 
accomplish something—a discovery or invention when there 
is no known adequate response for the situation
How to be(come) Agile then? 
 Enhance characteristics that enable Agility 
 Reduce or remove inhibitors of Agility
Reducing & removing inhibitors of Agility 
 Restrictions on access to information
Reducing & removing inhibitors of Agility 
 Confidence that the best approach in already known & 
always knowable
Reducing & removing inhibitors of Agility 
 Intolerance to risks & uncertainties 
 Fear of failure and disincentives 
 Passive reliance on approved planning, models, methods 
 Optimized process and investment with lack of basic 
research and experimentation & exploration 
 Resistance to change
Reducing & removing inhibitors of Agility 
 Lack of diversity
Reducing & removing inhibitors of Agility 
 Lack of proper education and training
What’s next 
 Where, when, how much Agility do you need? 
 What inhibitors of Agility can you reduce and remove? 
 What characteristics of Agility can you enhance?
Where Agility is beneficial ? 
 The environment is highly connected with frequent 
interactions that cause a diminished capacity to predict
Where Agility is beneficial ? 
 A certain level of shared understanding is needed to succeed 
in important endeavors because the high level of 
interdependency
Where Agility is beneficial ? 
 There is a condition of time pressure because the amount of 
information and information processing required exceed the 
available time
Where Agility is beneficial ? 
 The nature and extent of the uncertainty associated with a 
situation affects our ability to both formulate the problem and 
find an acceptable solution.
References
How can we help? 
Emergent learning & Workshops 
Innovative Software delivery 
Tools 
Contact us 
www.thoughtworks.com
References 
On Twitter 
@LUKADOTNET

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Agility: The scientific definition of how to be(come) Agile

  • 1. Agility The Scientific definition of how to be(come) Agile Luca Minudel
  • 2. Some one, a team or an organization do better than another one with more knowledge & experience of Lean-Agile Why? How can the other catch-up?
  • 5. Anticipation ÷Adaptation Anticipation Curiosity Confidence Safety Adaptation
  • 9. Anticipation ÷Adaptation ? % Known Unknown Uncertain Change 100%
  • 10. A Scientific Definition of Agility Agility is a new way of thinking about and preparing for the unanticipated. Is the capability to successfully effect, cope with, and exploit changes in circumstances.
  • 12. Enhancing Agility Characteristics  Versatility (passive) allow an entity to continue to operate effectively as is, despite changes in circumstances or conditions
  • 13. Enhancing Agility Characteristics  Versatility (passive)
  • 14. Enhancing Agility Characteristics  Versatility (passive)
  • 15. Enhancing Agility Characteristics  Flexibility (passive) The ability to try and employ multiple ways to succeed, when the preferred response does not work, and the capacity to move seamlessly between them; learning more than one way to do things
  • 16. Enhancing Agility Characteristics  Resilience (passive + active) the ability to recover from or adjust to misfortune, damage, or a destabilizing perturbation in the environment; with the ability to repair, replace, patch, or otherwise reconstitute lost capability or performance, at least in part and over time
  • 17. Enhancing Agility Characteristics  Adaptability (active) the ability to change work processes and the ability to change the organization; the ability to recognize changes in the environment and in shifting priorities and rapid change, identify the critical elements of the new situation and trigger changes accordingly
  • 18. Enhancing Agility Characteristics  Responsiveness (active) the ability to react to a change in the environment in a timely manner; it involves speed and also the consideration of when would be the appropriate time to act
  • 19. Enhancing Agility Characteristics  Innovativeness (active) the ability to do new things and the ability to do old things in new ways, accomplish something—a discovery or invention when there is no known adequate response for the situation
  • 20. How to be(come) Agile then?  Enhance characteristics that enable Agility  Reduce or remove inhibitors of Agility
  • 21. Reducing & removing inhibitors of Agility  Restrictions on access to information
  • 22. Reducing & removing inhibitors of Agility  Confidence that the best approach in already known & always knowable
  • 23. Reducing & removing inhibitors of Agility  Intolerance to risks & uncertainties  Fear of failure and disincentives  Passive reliance on approved planning, models, methods  Optimized process and investment with lack of basic research and experimentation & exploration  Resistance to change
  • 24. Reducing & removing inhibitors of Agility  Lack of diversity
  • 25. Reducing & removing inhibitors of Agility  Lack of proper education and training
  • 26. What’s next  Where, when, how much Agility do you need?  What inhibitors of Agility can you reduce and remove?  What characteristics of Agility can you enhance?
  • 27. Where Agility is beneficial ?  The environment is highly connected with frequent interactions that cause a diminished capacity to predict
  • 28. Where Agility is beneficial ?  A certain level of shared understanding is needed to succeed in important endeavors because the high level of interdependency
  • 29. Where Agility is beneficial ?  There is a condition of time pressure because the amount of information and information processing required exceed the available time
  • 30. Where Agility is beneficial ?  The nature and extent of the uncertainty associated with a situation affects our ability to both formulate the problem and find an acceptable solution.
  • 32. How can we help? Emergent learning & Workshops Innovative Software delivery Tools Contact us www.thoughtworks.com
  • 33. References On Twitter @LUKADOTNET

Editor's Notes

  1. Know more: capable of theorizing, arguing, and explaining quite convincingly agile Do better: - Customers satisfaction, value & fitness for purpose of features deployed, bugs & down-times, ease to code new features - Enact Lean & Agile principles & values and adopt practices from many Lean and Agile frameworks based on what is best for the specific context, project, team, organization and situation.
  2. Pair programming example, why that's not enough (why, how) Learning to ride a bicycle without training wheels http://www.flickr.com/photos/jlatimer/4972886728/ - Jeff Latimer
  3. General concept
  4. Human intelligence Anticipation: making decisions based on predictions, expectations, or beliefs about the future requires reflection, abstract thinking, preparation Reaction: is based on the current state of the environment with no explicit regard to the future. Too much reaction: because impulsiveness and lack of preparation. Too much anticipation: because inconclusiveness and indecisiveness.
  5. From Jim Highsmith, Agile Software Development Ecosystems
  6. Adaptive Leadership: Accelerating Enterprise Agility; Jim Highsmith; 2013
  7. At the end of the project
  8. At the beginning of the project Interdependently connected in a network, with increased Number and Speed of Interactions => decrease our ability to predict
  9. Scientific: Complexity Science, Complex Adaptive Systems, Social Complexity David Alberts and Richard Hayes; 2003-2011,
  10. Passive Agility: The innate qualities or design of the entity (its passive component) permit it to operate under the conditions that form the solid ellipse without the need to sense and respond to conditions. Active Agility: allows the entity to extend the set of conditions under which it can successfully operate Is the degree to which one can maintain the level of performance after a change in the circumstances.
  11. ppl t-shaped, diversity in cross-functional teams, pair-programming,
  12. grow your toolbox/repertoire vs 1-size-fits-all solutions => i.e. knowing well practices from Lean, Kanban, XP, Scrum, Crystal; knowing well both unit/integration/acceptance testing and when to use each one; knowing both static typed language and dynamic typed languages; knowing both SQL RDB and NoSql Db;
  13. Passive Agility: i.e. - redundant components (pair prog, collective code ownership), - excess capacity or reserves (XP slack time), - and fault-tolerant designs and systems (no single point of failure: as fail-over clusters, ) Active Agility: A rapid response maintenance capability is an example of an active capability (rollback to the previous stable version, crash only sw for servers, good diagnostic logging)
  14. stand-up meeting retrospective meeting, XP gelled virtual teams, YAGNI / JIT Just Enough requirements that enable continuous re-planning meeting, confidence to learn new skill outside comfort zone Flexibility vs Adaptability: Adaptation permits an entity to change itself, that is, to change its organization, processes, and/or structure to become better suited for the challenge.
  15. multiple feedback loops & monitoring as immune system, ability to remain calm and focused in emergency situations, checklist
  16. CD, Lean Start-up, safe-fail experiments, no preconceived ideas, the beginners mind
  17. ORG: From concept to cash, what, why, feedback data PERSONAL: Reciprocated transparency to balance information asymmetry
  18. Work hard enough, be good enough instead of working well / smarter
  19. The whole organization Between teems and departments inside the organization
  20. The Agility Advantage: A Survival Guide For Complex Enterprises and Endeavors; David Alberts; 2011 Adaptive Leadership: Accelerating Enterprise Agility; Jim Highsmith; 2013 Agile Project Management: Creating Innovative Products (2nd Edition); James A. Highsmith; 2009 Adaptive Software Development: A Collaborative Approach to Managing Complex Systems; James A. Highsmith; 1999