This document discusses forest fires, including their causes, types, effects, and prevention methods. It notes that forest fires are commonly started by natural causes like lightning or human causes such as careless visitors. There are two main types of forest fires - surface fires that burn dry materials on the ground and more dangerous crown fires that burn the tree tops. Forest fires cause significant economic and environmental damage by degrading forests, reducing biodiversity, and increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Prevention strategies discussed include education, controlled burning, rapid detection, and firefighting resources.

1. Shri Swami Atmanand Saraswati Inst. Of Technology________________________________________
Prof. Maulik R. Joshi

2. Forest Fire
What is wildfire or Forest Fire ?
• Wildfires are larger fires which often start in wild land areas.
Causes of Forest Fire
• Forest fires are caused by
• Natural Causes
• Man made causes
Natural Causes
• Lightning
• High atmospheric Temperatures
• Low Humidity
Man Made Causes
• Fire caused when source of fire
• Flame, Cigarette or Bidi, Electric Spark

3. Forest Fire
• Forest fires can be divided into two broad categories
• Environmental ( Which are beyond control )
• Human Related ( Which are controllable )
• Environmental Causes
• Climate conduction
• Temperature
• Wind Speed
• Level of moisture
• Duration of dry spell
• Friction of Bamboos swaying due to high velocity wind
• Rolling stone that results in sparking.

4. Forest Fire
• It has been estimated that 90% of forest fires in India are man-made.
• Fire starts with accidently by careless visitors to forest.
• Intentionally by people living around forests for recreatation.
• For the Agriculture purpose
• Flowers of Madhuca Indica
• Leaves of Diospyros melanoxylon
• Shifting Cultivation
A form of agriculture, used especially in tropical Africa, in which an area of ground is
cleared of vegetation and cultivated for a few years and then abandoned for a new
area until its fertility has been naturally restored.

5. Forest Fire
• There are two types of forest fire
• Surface Fire
• Crown Fire
Types of forest Fire
• A forest fire may burn primarily as a
surface fire
• Dry Grasses
• Leaves
• Twings
• It spreads with the flames.
Surface Fire
• Crown of the trees and Shrubs
burn.
• On hill slopes if fire starts at
downhill it is more dangerous.
• More Dangerous as compare to
Surface Fire.
Crown Fire

6. Forest Fire
Effect of Wild Fire:
• Major cause for the forest degradation
• Wide range of Economically, Socially effect.
• Loss of valuable timber resources.
• Degradation of catchment area……….X
• Loss of biodiversity and extinction of plants and animals.
• Loss of wildlife habitat and depletion of wild life.
• Global warming
• Loss of carbon sink resources and increaser in percentage of CO2 on Atmosphere.
• Effect to productivity of the soil.
• Ozone layer depletion

7. Forest Fire
Wildfire Prevention
• The incidence of forest fires in the country
• The increase and more area is burned each year.
• The major cause of this failure is the piecemeal approach to the problem.
• Important forest fire management elements like
• strategic fire centers,
• coordination among Ministries,
• funding,
• human resource development,
• fire research, fire management, and extension program are missing.

8. Forest Fire
Wildfire Prevention
• The Ministry of Environment and Forests,
• Government of India,
• has prepared a National Master Plan for Forest Fire Control.
• This plan proposes to introduce a
• well-coordinated and integrated fire-management program
• Includes the following components:
• Prevention of human-caused fires through
• education and environmental modification
• Silvi cultural activities,
• Engineering works.
• Prompt detection of fires
• Through a well coordinated network of observation points,
• Efficient ground monitoring
• Communication networks.
• Remote sensing technology is to be given due importance in fire detection.
• For successful fire management and administration,
• National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS)
• Fire Forecasting System

9. Forest Fire
Wildfire Precautions
• The works like
• Fire line cleaning
• Join Forest management communities
• Creating Water Bodies
• Purchase of vehicles
• Purchase of firefighting Tools

10. Forest Fire
• The Great Chicago Fire was a conflagration that
burned from October 8, to October 10, 1871,
killing hundreds and destroying about 3.3
square miles (9 km2) in Chicago.
• The traditional account of the origin of the fire
is that it was started by a cow kicking over a
lantern in the barn , but the official report could
not determine the exact cause.
• After two days of the fire burning out of control,
rain helped douse the remaining fire. City
officials estimated that more than 300 people
died in the fire and more than 100,000 were left
homeless.

11. THANK YOU
Prof. Maulik R. Joshi
profmaulikrjoshi@gmail.com
www.profmaulikrjoshi.yolasite.com