The document discusses adolescent health issues across physical, psychological, and social domains. It notes that adolescents, defined as ages 10-19, experience physical maturing, psychological maturing, and social maturing. Their health is important as they will become the next generation of parents. It discusses changes in social and sexual behaviors, conflicts they may face, and various health issues including reproductive health, nutrition, STIs, and mental health. It emphasizes the importance of counseling, healthy lifestyle choices, and creating adolescent-friendly health services.

1. ADOLESCENT HEALTH

2. Adolescent : 10 – 19
Youth : 15 - 24
Young people : 10 -24
Adol Health Com FOGSI - 2009-11

3. • Physical maturing
• Psychological maturing
• Social maturing
Adol Health Com FOGSI - 2009-11

4. Importance of Adolescent
Health
• Developing Countries
• Parents of next generation.
• Early menarche
• Late marriage
• Urbanisation, migration
• Less family influence
• Exposure to mass media

5. Changes in social and sexual behaviour
Adol Health Com FOGSI - 2009-11

6. Adolescence is characterized by
conflicts of values, emotional
stress and readiness to extreme
attitudes, which invariably leads to
several psycho-social problems of
adolescents.

7. • Puberty is the stage of the lifespan in
which a child develops secondary sex
characteristics.
• The average age for girls:- 10-12
The average age for boys 12-14.
Adol Health Com FOGSI - 2009-11

8. Am I Normal ?
• Rapid growth. . .Cause of Concern!
Adolescents have a
fundamental human
right to accurate and
comprehensive
reproductive and
sexual health
information.

9. Problems Encountered in Adolescents
• Personal and social problems.
• Problems of health and
physical self-esteem.
• Sex and reproductive health
problems.
• Home and family related
problems.

10. Adolescents : Some Facts and
Perceptions
• Adolescents between 10-19 years make up
one fifth of India’s population and also a
potential group for contracting HIV.
• Adolescent girls constitute a
disproportionate (25%) portion of the 5
million abortions performed annually.
Adol Health Com FOGSI - 2009-11

11. • High morbidity and mortality associated
with pubertal and adolescent pregnancy.
• Cultural practices often involve sexual abuse
or exploitation, and act as barriers to
responsible sexuality.
• Boys and girls reveal a poor understanding
of their sexuality and information sources
seem to be media and peers.

12. • Early marriage in girls
Increasing Population
• STIs due to unprotected sexual activity.
• Alcohol use and Substance Abuse.
• Not aware of contraceptives.
Adol Health Com FOGSI - 2009-11

13. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
• Organs
• Changes developing
• Proper Hygenic practices.
Adol Health Com FOGSI - 2009-11

14. Health implications of sexual dev.
• Reproductive tract infections
• Sexually transmitted infections
• Pregnancy
• Sexual abuse
• Early sexual involvement
• Criminal abortions
• Menstrual disorders

15. Adol Health Com FOGSI - 2009-11

16. STI
• Awareness about STI is essential
Girls- Chlamydia , Neisseria
gonorrhoeae, syphilis, HSV, Trichomonas
vaginalis
• Complication : PID→ Infertility
Boys- urethritis .
• HIV awareness too is needed

17. Nutritional Health
• The fastest growth periods of a
person's life.
• Nutritional health during
adolescence
- important for supporting the
growing body
-for preventing future health
problems.
Adol Health Com FOGSI - 2009-11

18. Increased nutritional needs
Calories : boys- 2500-2800
Calories /day
girls- 2200 Calories/day
Protein- 45-60g
Calcium- 1200 mg/day
Iron boys- 12 mg/day
15 mg/day

19. Say YES to;
• Milk & Milk products (Curd, Paneer)
• Green vegetables, Fruits, Cereals
• Soups, Juices
• Regular meals
• Balanced Diet

20. Teenage & Diet / Obesity
• Pizza ~ Burger ~ Sandwich
• Aerated drinks / Preserved
Juices
• Coffee / Cocktails / Mocktails
• French Fries
• Vada-pav
• What more do you like?!
• AVOID Food with FAT

21. Slim v/s fit
• Do not starve
• NO crash diet, seek professional help
for weight loss (Not to get carried
away with advertisements!)
• FITNESS is more important than
looking slim!
• YOU CAN avoid nutritional deficiency
by regular, balanced diet intake

22. ANEMIA
Adol Health Com FOGSI - 2009-11

23. Why Anemia?
• Poor dietary habits?
• Are you losing excess blood from your
body?
Cure it urgently.

24. Anaemia ~ How to deal with it?
• Repeated Haemoblobin measurements
• Diet rich in iron containing food
• Iron supplements to make up for deficit
(as advised by your doctor)

25. Iron Rich sources

26. Healthy food habits
• Never skip meals or go for crash
dieting.
• Have proper breakfast and an early
dinner.
• Limit fast food intake to a minimum.
• Have at least one fruit a day.
• Have salads often and vegetables
daily.

27. KISHORI SAKTI YOJNA
ICDS
Adolescent girls 11-18 years.
500 Calories + 20-25 g protein
Adol Health Com FOGSI - 2009-11

28. Exercise & Physical Activity
Does it really HELP? YES,
• Improves your strength & endurance.
• Bones & muscles becomes more
healthy.
• Avoids weight gain.
• Reduces anxiety & stress.
• Increases self esteem, confidence.

29. Enjoy outdoor games

30. • Transition from childhood to adult
• Attraction
• Fantasies
• Mood changes…irresponsible,
stubborn
• Search for identity and sexual
development create sense of crisis

31. Life Style
• Regular.
• Simple.
• Optimistic.
• Helping hand, interdependence.
• Getting involved in humanitarian activities.
• Respecting social values & spirituality.

32. Smoking, drinking, drugs
• Smoking is an evil which is best avoided
it can cause cancers, heart disease, early
death.
• Avoid alcohol intake.
• Drugs are like taking poison – stay away.

33. Spirituality
Unless we develop the spiritual side of our
nature, society cannot combat the evils
that plague society – wanton cruelty,
corruption, violence, poverty, injustice,
oppression of the weak, sexual abuse,
terrorism and war… the list goes on.
Morality, justice, truthfulness, love, sacrifice
for the common good, peace and
discipline

34. Moral Decision-making
• An important aspect of spirituality
• Spiritual empowerment comes through
prayer, self-less service to mankind; serving
one’s parents, to be loving, keeping our self
and our ego in disciplined check, courtesy
and humility, firmly upholding the principle
of justice, being self-less or detached etc.
• These qualities come through the love of
God.

35. Say NO to stress
• Often we burden ourselves with stress
• Always count your blessings in life
• Accept circumstances which you
cannot change
• Effectively conquer stress before it
engulfs you

36. Two Important vaccines
for young girls
Vaccine to prevent
• Rubella infection (thereby
avoiding birth of a child with
defect) CERVIX
•Cervical Cancer (Cervix is the mouth of
the organ-uterus. Its cancer prevalence is
increasing & is the top most killer for women)

38. Cancer Cervix
From
Smile to
Agony

39. HPV Vaccine is available
to fight against cervical cancer
• Two vaccines have been licensed globally for
adolescent girls aged 9-26 yrs
• Quadrivalent vaccine.
• Bivalent vaccine.
Quadrivalent vaccine Bivalent vaccine
Prevention of: HPV related Prevention of
–Cancer Cervix HPV related
–Vulvar & Vaginal cancers –Cancer Cervix
–Ano -Genital warts
–Recurrent Respiratory
Papilomatosi

40. PROTECTION-LEGAL
ASPECTS
• Age of consent to sexual activity -16 years
-reduces the incidence of
*STI
*teenage pregnancy
* sexual abuse&exploitation
• Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989
(children defined as under 18)-against
unchecked child labour, child prostitution
and pornography.

41. PROTECTION OF
ADOLESCENTS
• STI & HIV prevention and pregnancy prevention
information
• Encouraging health care providers to make their
services youth friendly
ADOLESCENT FRIENDLY HEALTH
SERVICES
(AFHS)

42. ADOLESCENT FRIENDLY
HEALTH
SERVICES
• WHO consultation 2001- AFHS
• piloting under Adolescent District
Health Project
• Target population- young people
• Key elements: Confidentiality
Flexibility
Well staffed
Information
Partnershipapproach

43. MENTAL DISORDERS
• Conduct and behavioural
disorders
• Learning disorders
• Anxiety disorders
• Teen depression
• Juvenile delinquency
• Adjustment problems

44. DELINQUENCY
PREVENTION
• broad term for all efforts aimed at preventing youth
from becoming involved in criminal, or other
antisocial, activity.
• CHILD GUIDANCE CLINIC
• Prevention services include activities :-
substance abuse education and treatment,
family counseling, youth mentoring,
parenting education, educational support, and
youth sheltering.

45. ADOLESCENT COUNSELING
• School Avoidance
• Separation Anxiety
• Coping With Chronic Illness
• Building Social Competence
• Managing Powerful Peer Personalities
• Minimizing Family Conflict
• Working Through Divorce & Separation
• Avoiding Drug & Alcohol Use
• Transitioning - High School to College
• Accepting Imperfection