What is word? Word is composed of one or more letters. A word represents an idea. ( ex: go , student, teacher…..etc. ) A word alone, however, is usually not enough to express thoughts. What is Sentence? A sentence is a collection of words the express a complete thought. ( ex: I study civil engineering at NPIC. )

1. Subject: Academic Writing
Contents
Unit: 1 What is a Paragraph?
Unit: 2 Developing ideas for writing a paragraph
Unit: 3 The Topic Sentence
Unit: 4 Supporting Sentences & Concluding sentence
Unit: 5 Paragraph Review

2. Semester II Unit: 1 What is a paragraph?
 One way to answer this question is to talk about letters, words
and sentences .
 Look at this connections below!
 What is letter?
 Letter is the set of symbols used to write a language,
representing a sound in the language.
Ex: the letter A, B, C, D….etc.
letter word sentence paragraph essay

3. What is a paragraph?
 What is word?
 Word is composed of one or more letters. A word represents an
idea. ( ex: go , student, teacher…..etc. )
 A word alone, however, is usually not enough to express
thoughts.
 What is Sentence?
 A sentence is a collection of words the express a complete
thought. ( ex: I study civil engineering at NPIC. )

4. What is a paragraph?
 What is a paragraph ?
 A paragraph is the combination of the sentences.
 A good paragraph combines at least 12-15 sentences.
 A paragraph must include topic sentence, supporting sentence,
and concluding sentence.
Note: A paragraph must have an indentation.

5. Unit: 1What is a paragraph?
 Type of paragraph
1. Definition Paragraph
2. Descriptive Paragraph
3. Narrative Paragraph
4. Process Analysis Paragraph
5. Comparative Paragraph
6. Cause and effect Paragraph
7. Expository Paragraph

6. Type of paragraph
1. Definition Paragraph ( the writers explain the term of the topic
by giving the definition)
"Park" is difficult to define in Florida, because there are so many kinds of
parks. Basically, a park is a place to go for outdoor recreation-to swim,
picnic, hike, camp, walk the dog, play tennis, paddle your canoe, and, in
some places take rides in miniature trains or swish down a waterslide.
Florida has a rich variety of parks, ranging from acres of RVs ringed
around recreation halls, to impenetrable mangrove wilderness. To make
things more complicated, not all of them are called "parks," and even the
ones called "parks" come in several varieties.

7. Type of paragraph
Comments on definition:
• Never define anything by the "according to Webster's" method.
Meaning is found in the world, not in the dictionary. Bring the
world into your story and use it to define your terms.
• Saying what something is NOT can help readers; but make a
strong effort to say what it IS.

8. Type of paragraph
2. Descriptive Paragraph ( the writers describe a person, a place or a
thing.)
O'Leno is a good example of a state park in Florida. Surrounded by the tall,
shaded woods of a beautiful hardwood forest, the Santa Fe River disappears in a large,
slowly swirling, tree-lined pool. After appearing intermittently in scattered sinkholes,
the river rises three miles down streain a big boil, then continues on to meet the
Suwannee and the sea. Nearby, stands of cypress mirror themselves in the still waters,
walls of dense river swamp rise before you, sudden sinkholes open in the woodlands-
rich with cool ferns and mosses. Farther from the river, expanses of longleaf pinelands
stretch across rolling hills. In the midst of this lovely setting, you find 65 campsites, 18
rustic cabins, and a pavilion for group meetings. A diving platform marks a good place
to swim in the soft, cool waters of the Santa Fe, and canoeing up this dark river is like
traveling backwards in time in the direction of original Florida.

9. Type of paragraph
Comments on description:
• Description is not what you saw, but what readers need to see in order
to imagine the scene, person, object, etc.
• Description requires you to record a series of detailed observations. Be
especially careful to make real
observations. The success of a description lies in the difference between
what a reader can imagine
and what you actually saw and recorded; from that gap arises a spark of
engagement.
• Use sensory language. Go light on adjectives and adverbs. Look for
ways to describe action. Pay
special attention to the sound and rhythm of words; use these when you
can.

10. Four Features of a paragraph
 There are the four main features of a paragraph:
1.) A paragraph has a topic sentence that states the main idea.
2.) All of the sentences in a paragraph are about one topic.
3.) The first line of a paragraph is indented.
4.) The last sentence, or concluding sentence, brings the paragraph
to a logic conclusion.

11. The title of a paragraph
 A title tells you what you will find in a book, a movie, a story,
or a paragraph. A title is not a sentence. A title is usually very
short. It can be ( one word, such as the movie titles: Spiderman,
Batman, Titanic )
 A good paragraph title is Catchy.
 Catchy means (especially of a tune or song) pleasing and easy
to remember
Ex: A cooking Disaster/ A kitchen Disaster / My Mess in the
Kitchen.

12. Unit: 2 Developing Ideas for Writing a Paragraph
 What is Brainstorming ?
 Brainstorming is quickly writing down all the thoughts that
come into your head. ( Free writing )
 How to brainstorm idea?
1. Listing
2. Fishing
3. Clustering
4. Tree….etc.

13. Unit: 2 Developing Ideas for Writing a Paragraph

14. Unit: 2 Developing Ideas for Writing a Paragraph
 Language Focus: Subject- Verb Agreement
 Present simple tense has two forms: the base form and –s form
1. Base form:
2. –s form:

15. Unit: 2 Developing Ideas for Writing a Paragraph
 Subject- Verb Agreement
Common mistake
1. Writers usually omit –s with third-person singular subjects in
the simple present tense.
Ex: She works in a bank. He goes to his hometown two times a
week.
2. Prepositional Phrases. ( for, at, by, with , without, in , and of …
and object of the preposition – the noun or pronoun that follows
the preposition.

16. Unit: 2 Developing Ideas for Writing a Paragraph
Ex: - The owner of these restaurant is Italian.
- The main product of Brazil is coffee.
- The main product of Brazil and Colombia is coffee.
- The main products of Brazil are coffee and aluminum.

17. Unit: 2 Developing Ideas for Writing a Paragraph
Practice:

18. Unit: 2 Developing Ideas for Writing a Paragraph

19. Unit: 3 The Topic Sentence

20. Unit: 3 The Topic Sentence

22. Unit: 3 The Topic Sentence

23. Unit: 3 The Topic Sentence

24. Unit: 3 The Topic Sentence

25. Unit: 3 The Topic Sentence

26. Unit: 3 The Topic Sentence

27. Unit: 3 The Topic Sentence

28. Unit: 3 The Topic Sentence

29. Unit: 3 The Topic Sentence

30. Unit: 3 The Topic Sentence

31. Unit: 3 The Topic Sentence

32. Unit: 3 The Topic Sentence

33. Unit: 3 The Topic Sentence

34. Unit: 3 The Topic Sentence

35. Unit: 4 Supporting and concluding Sentences

36. Unit: 4 Supporting and concluding Sentences

37. Unit: 4 Supporting and concluding Sentences

38. Unit: 4 Supporting and concluding Sentences

39. Unit: 5 Paragraph Review

40. Thanks for your attention