This document discusses academic writing. It defines academic writing as clear, concise, structured, and backed by evidence to aid reader understanding, using a formal tone. It lists common academic documents and describes their composition, including the IMRD structure of introduction, methods, results, and discussion. The document outlines key features of academic writing like appropriate referencing and avoiding plagiarism. It also discusses academic writing standards, plagiarism and how to avoid it, and copyright in academic works.

1. ACADEMIC WRITING
Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik
RIE Bhubaneswar
ramakantamohalik@rediffmail.com

2. What is Academic Writing
• Academic writing is clear, concise, focused,
structured and backed up by evidence.
• Its purpose is to aid the reader's
understanding.
• It has a formal tone and style, but it is not
complex and does not require the use of long
sentences and complicated vocabulary.

3. Academic Documents
• Book
• Chapter in an edited book
• Conference Paper
• Dissertation
• Theoretical Paper
• Research Paper
• Conference Proceedings
• Research Proposal
• Thesis

4. Academic Documents
• Abstract
• TV/ Radio Script Writings
• Book/ Film Reviews
• News Paper Editorial
• Research Project Report
• Training Programme Report
• Conference Boucher

5. Types of Academic Writing
• Descriptive
• Analytical
• Persuasive
• Critical

6. Key Features
• Formal style or register: Writing should not be casual, but
be in a appropriate formal register.
• Appropriate references: Generally statements of fact will be
expected to be backed up by appropriate authoritative
references-and these to be laid out in the
appropriate citation system.
• Bibliography: Typically this lists those articles read as
background, and will include the sources of individual
citations.
• Plagiarism: The "wrongful appropriation of another
author's language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions", and the
representation of them as one's own original work is
considered academic dishonesty, and can lead to severe
consequences.

7. Composition of Academic Work (IMRD)
• Introduction (Background, objectives, problem statement,
rationale etc)
• Method (Method, tools, data collection)
• Result (Empirical results, charts, plots) and
• Discussion (Analysis, Conclusions)
• Other common sections in academic documents are:
• Abstract
• Acknowledgments
• Indices
• Bibliography
• List of references
• Appendix/Addendum,

8. Steps in Academic Writing
• Planning
• Drafting
• Writing
• Editing
• Validating
• Finalaising

9. Academic Writing Standard
• ISBN
• ISSN
• Impact Factor
• Number of Citations
• h-index
• i10-index
• Enlisted in: Google Scholar, Scopus,WOS, RePEc,
IDEAS, EconPapers, Academic Resource Index,
Polska Bibliografia Naukowa, Scilit, DOI, Crossref.

10. Reputed Research Journals by NCERT
• Journal of Indian Education
• Indian Education Review
• School Science
• Primary Teacher
• University News

11. Plagiarism in Academic Work
• Plagiarism means the practice of taking some
ones work or idea and passing them as one’s
own.
• It is a form of research misconduct
(fabrication, falsification and plagiarism)
• Copying idea is always not plagiarism if it done
as per rules

12. Plagiarism Excludes…
• All quoted work reproduced with
permission/attribution
• All references, bibliography, contents, preface
and acknowledgements
• All generic terms, laws, symbols

13. Unintentional Plagiarism
• Using minimum or careless paraphrasing
• Failing to cite properly
• Quoting excessively
• Lack of skills to integrate ideas of others
• Lack of skills to use own voice in writing
• Unfamiliar with standard writing

14. UGC Promotion of Academic Integrity and
Prevention of of Plagiarism in HEI, 2018
• Level of Plagiarism
• Level-0: upto 10% similarities
• Level-1: 10-40% similarities
• Level-2: 40-60% similarities
• Level-3: Above 60%

15. Penalties for Submission of
Thesis/Dissertation
Level Penalties
0 Nil
1 Asked to submit a revised one
2 Debarred to submit for 1 year
3 Cancel registration
If plagiarism is detected after awarding degree, degree will put in abeyance.

16. Penalties in case of academic and
research publications
Level Penalties
0 Nil
1 Withdraw manuscript
2 Withdraw manuscript, Denied one
increment and not allowed to supervise
for 2 yrs
3 Denied two increment, not allowed to
supervise for 3 yrs

17. How to Avoid Plagiarism
• Cite while writing
• Avoid copy-pasting (Paraphrasing)
• Use short quotations
• Take permission from copyright holder
• Check paper in plagiarism detection software
• Avoid self-plagiarism

18. Copyright in Academic Work
• Copyright is a form of protection provided the
authors of “original works of authorship”
including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic,
and certain other intellectual works, both
published and unpublished.
• Copyrights are registered by the Copyright
Office of the library of Congress, US