This document discusses key aspects of academic texts from various disciplines. It defines language and explains that academic texts use formal, objective language specific to the topic. The document provides examples of technical terms from different fields and outlines common parts and structures of academic texts, including introductions, bodies, and conclusions. It also lists descriptive, cause-and-effect, comparison, order, and problem-solution as common text structures.

1. ACADEMIC TEXT
FROM VARIOUS
DISCIPLINES
MIDTERM-LESSON 1

2. OBJECTIVE:
● Differentiating the language
used in academic texts from
various disciplines
(CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Ia-c-2).

3. The principal method of
human communication,
consisting of words used in
a structured and
conventional way and
conveyed by speech,
writing, or gesture
What is Language?

4. According to Aristotle,
language is a speech sound
produced by human beings
to express their ideas,
emotions, thoughts,
desires, and feelings.
What is Language?

5. The Tyrannosaurus
Rex was the coolest of
all dinosaurs. I love
how other dinosaurs
would run in fear if
they saw the t-Rex
nearby.
Tyrannosaurus is a genus of
large theropod dinosaur. The
species Tyrannosaurus rex,
often called T. rex or
colloquially T-Rex, is one of the
best represented theropods.
Tyrannosaurus lived
throughout what is now
western North America, on
what was then an island
continent known as Laramidia.
01 02
SUBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE

6. • May be considered as writing which is
personal, emotional, impressionistic
or subjective in nature.
• It can be more informal in tone, and
may even rely more heavily on
emotional appeal or the opinions of
the author.
• Examples: Poems, skits, letters,
compositions about Christmas
vacation.
NON
ACADEMIC
TEXT

7. ACADEMIC
TEXT
• Is defined as critical, objective,
specialized texts written by experts or
professionals in a given field using
formal language.
• Based on facts with solid basis.
• Is generally quite formal, objective
and technical.
• Examples: Book review, reaction
paper, Research paper

8. FORMAL
It is formal by avoiding
casual or conversational
language, such as informal
vocabulary or contractions
“don’t” = “do not”

9. IMPERSONAL & OBJECTIVE
By avoiding direct
reference to people or
feelings and it is based on
facts and not on opinions.

10. TECHNICAL
By using vocabulary
specific to the discipline.

11. What are some
Academic
Principles?

13. There are specific words or
vocabulary which are only
suited for a specific
discipline.

14. Chip-integrated circuit or small wafer of semiconductor material embedded with
integrated circuitry
- is a snack food in the form of a crisp, flat or slightly bowl shaped, bite-sized
unit.
Cookie-A piece of code or data created by a web server and stored on a user's
computer. It is used to keep track of the user's usage patterns and preferences.
- A type of small, flattened cake that usually has a crispier consistency than
cake and is baked in batches on a large flat pan.
Virus-A virus is a piece of programming code inserted into other programming to
cause damage. Viruses can be sent in many forms but are often transmitted via
email messages that, when opened, may erase data or cause damage to your hard
disk.
- a very simple microorganism that infects cells and may cause disease.
Sample Technical Terms in Different Discipline

15. SAMPLE ACADEMIC TEXT
ESSAY RESEARCH
PAPER
DISSERTATION THESIS
RESEARCH
ARTICLE
TECHNICAL
REPORT

16. ESSAY
The essay is a written piece that is designed to
present an idea, propose an argument, express the
emotion or initiate debate. It is a tool that is used to
present writer’s ideas in a non-fictional way.
An essay can be as short as 500 words, it can also be
5000 words or more. However, most essays fall
somewhere around 1000 to 3000 words; this word
range provides the writer enough space to thoroughly
develop an argument and work to convince the
reader of the author’s perspective regarding a
particular issue.

17. RESEARCH PAPER
A research paper is a common form of
academic writing. Research papers require
students and academics to locate
information about a topic (that is, to
conduct research), take a stand on that
topic, and provide support (or evidence) for
that position in an organized report.

18. RESEARCH ARTICLE
A research article is a journal article in which
the authors report on the research they did.
Research articles are always primary
sources.

19. DISSERTATION
A dissertation is a long-form piece of
academic writing based on original research
conducted by you.

20. THESIS
Completed over a number of years.
Offers an original contribution to the
research area. (20,000
words).

21. TECHNICAL REPORT
A technical report (also scientific
report) is a document that describes
the process, progress, or results of
technical or scientific research or the
state of a technical or scientific
research problem.

22. WW #1:
Explain the following:
1. Language is…
2. Academic text is…
3. Language in different discipline
means…

23. Ptask #1:
Suggested Criteria for Evaluation
Informative Content 25 pts.
Organization 15 pts.
Creativity 10 pts.
Total 50 pts.
Create a flyer that contains language used in your
discipline and its meaning. Please be guided by the
suggested criteria for evaluation.

24. STRUCTURE OF
ACADEMIC
TEXT
MIDTERM-LESSON 1.2

25. -gives the reader with a clear
idea of the emphasis and
purpose of
the writing.
- It also provides the
background of the argument,
presents the theoretical
viewpoints, language, etc.
that will be used, and
describes how the writing
will be structured.
Where the
essay's
argument,
concepts and
outcomes are
established and
discussed.
Should not have
any
new facts or ideas,
but rather function
as a brief repetition
of the key
arguments and
facts that have
been treated in the
essay
ESSAY
INTRODUCTION BODY CONCLUSION

26. Parts of the Academic Text
I. Title Page– provides information regarding the
title, author, and type of work.
II. Abstract or Summary- provides a brief account
of the main content of an
academic paper.
III. Table of Contents- gives an opportunity to gain
an idea of what the academic
paper is about at an early stage.
IV. Introduction- it is a soft-start and orientation to
engage and acquaint with the
academic text.

27. Parts of the Academic Text
V. Background- gives the necessary background
information to understand the context of the
academic text.
VI. Aim and Issue- provides the terms of reference
for academic paper.
VII. Theoretical Framework- defines the key
concepts, proposes relations between them,
discusses relevant theories and models based on a
literature review.
VIII. Method- provides the methodological details of
the paper.

28. Parts of the Academic Text
IX. Results, Analysis and Discussion- involves
the result of the study, its analysis and discussion.
X. Closure- the end section of the academic paper.
A summary or a concrete conclusion about the
issue and questions can be used to end the
academic paper.

29. Parts of the Academic Text
XI. List of References- acknowledges the
contribution of other writers and researchers in your
work.
XII. Appendices- contains supplementary materials
that may be helpful in providing
a more comprehensive understanding of the
academic paper.

30. Common Types of Text Structures
Descriptive-This type of text structure features a
detailed description of something to give the reader
a mental picture.
Cause and Effects- This structure presents the
causal relationship between a specific event, idea,
or concept and the events, ideas, or concept that
follow.

31. Common Types of Text Structures
Comparison and Contrast-This type of text
examines the similarities and differences between
two or more people, events, concepts, ideas, etc.
Order/Sequence- This text structure gives readers
a chronological of events or a list of steps in a
procedure.

32. Common Types of Text Structures
Problem and Solution-This type of structure sets
up a problem or problems, explains the
solution, and then discusses the effects of
the solution .