The document discusses academic writing skills and authorship. It provides global definitions and characteristics of academic writing, noting that it should have a clear focus, be evidenced based, formal in tone, and structured. The document also examines definitions and criteria for authorship according to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, including substantial contributions to the work and approval of the final published version.

1. ‘Academic Writing-Skills (AWS)’
and
‘Authorship’
10 September 2019
Dr. Raden Tina Dewi Judistiani, dr. SpOG
Astrid Feinisa Khairani, dr., M.Kes., PhD

2. Presentation Lay Out
• Global Definition
• Characteristics
• Examples

3. AWS : Definition 1
• Broad definition : any writing to fulfill a
requirement of a college or university, research
publications, or presentation at conferences.
• A very broad definition of AW could include
assignment given in an academic setting
Source :
https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/word-definitions/definition-of-academic-
writing.html

4. AWS : Definition 2
• A style of expression that researchers use
• Purpose :
to define the intellectual boundaries of their
disciplines and their specific areas of
expertise.
to convey agreed meaning about complex
ideas or concepts for a group of scholarly
experts
Source :
https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/academicwriting

5. • Characteristics :
a clear focus on the research problem under
investigation
formal tone,
use of the third-person rather than first-
person perspective (usually),
precise word choice - jargon
Source :
https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/academicwr
iting

6. APPLICABLE TO ANY LANGUAGE !
DO :
Write excellent manuscript in Bahasa
Indonesia
Interprete within context
Re-write in English
DO PARAPRHASE
NOT A TRANSLATION
NOT A COPY-PASTE WRITING

7. AW - THE CHARACTERISTIC(S) - 1
• Planned and focused:
answers the question
 interpret, reflect
 identify what you are required to write
Example :
Writing your assignment
Click the following link

8. https://resources.library.leeds.ac.uk/activities/w
riting/interpreting-your-assignment/

9. AW - THE CHARACTERISTIC(S) - 1
• Planned and focused:
do you have adequate understanding of the
subject
 plan your research
 gather evidence / literature review

10. AW - THE CHARACTERISTIC(S) - 2
• Evidenced:
demonstrates knowledge of the subject area,
supports or refutes opinions and arguments
with evidence,
and is referenced accurately.

11. AW - THE CHARACTERISTIC(S) – 3
• Formal in tone and style:
uses appropriate language and tenses,
Writing is clear, concise and balanced.

12. AW - THE CHARACTERISTIC(S) – 4
• Structured:
coherent :

written in a logical order :
 spiral, upward
 spiral , downward
brings together related points and material.
 benang merah

13. The characteristics of AW – 4 (continued)
• Not complex !
• DOES NOT require long sentences or
complicated vocabulary.
BECAUSE the purpose is to aid the reader’s
understanding
Source :
https://library.leeds.ac.uk/info/14011/writing/106/academic_writing

14. The first step to writing academically is
to clearly define the purpose of the writing and
the audience
Second step is preparing a structured writing.
It has a beginning, middle and an end
Structured writing uses focused paragraphs to
develop the argument

15. Overall structure: introduction, main body and conclusion.
• The introduction outlines the main direction and gives
necessary background information and context.
• The main body presents, explores and develops each point
The points must be set out in a logical order, to make it
easier for the reader to follow and understand.
• The conclusion brings together the main points :
It will highlight the key message (take home message or
arguments)
It may identify gaps or weaknesses (in the arguments or
ideas presented)
It may recommend further research or investigation where
appropriate.

16. Further Self Learning
What is academic writing?
Define your purpose and reader
Structure your work
How to incorporate evidence
Use clear and concise language
Demonstrate balance in your writing
Choose the correct tense and voice
Build your argument
Source :
https://library.leeds.ac.uk/info/14011/writing/106/academic_writing/3

17. Who is an Author?
• ICMJE International Comittee of Medical
Jurnal Editors
Source :
http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/brows
e/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-
authors-and-contributors.html

18. ICMJE recommends
4 criteria in building authorship :
Substantial contributions to the conception or
design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or
interpretation of data for the work; AND
Drafting the work or revising it critically for
important intellectual content; AND
Final approval of the version to be published;
AND
Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of
the work in ensuring that questions related to the
accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are
appropriately investigated and resolved.

19. Further Reading
1. Why Authorship Matters
2. Who Is an Author?
3. Non-Author Contributors
4. Conflicts of Interest