The document discusses the key characteristics and types of academic writing. Academic writing is a formal writing style that aims to inform, persuade, or analyze a topic for an academic audience. It uses standard English language, a formal tone, precise word choice, and third person perspective. The main types of academic writing are descriptive, analytical, persuasive, and critical. Descriptive writing provides facts while analytical writing also reorganizes information. Persuasive writing adds the writer's own viewpoint and critical writing considers multiple viewpoints. Academic writing follows conventions like citing sources and is based on evidence and a thesis to address a research problem through higher-order thinking.

1. ACADEMIC
WRITING

2. Academic writing has always been perceived as a
very tasking and demanding activity that every student
should undergo. In fact, one of the major requirements for
a degree in the university is the completion of an
undergraduate thesis or manuscript which is categoized as
an output of academic writing.
Normally, manuscript like thesis is completed in a
span of two semesters because it involves torough researc
and analysis along with skills in writing bounded by rules of
organization, audience adaptation, use of language and
mechanics to follow.

3. Academic Writing is defined as a
process that starts with posing
question, problematizing a concept,
evaluating an opinion, and ends in
aswering the question or questions
posed, clraifying the problems and
arguing for a stand. Its urpose may be
informative or persuasive.

4. Academic writing also uses formal language. This
means that Standard English Language is used in writing
academic text.
In addition, academic writing avoids pretentious or
highfalutin terminologies that obstruct the attainment of
clarifying the point of writer.
Characteristics of academic writing include a formal
tone, use of the third person rather than first person
perspective (usually), a clear focus on the research
problem under investigation, and precise word choice.

5. Types of Academic Writing
Descriptive
The simplest type of academic writing is descriptive. Its
purpose is to provide facts or information. An example would be
a summary of an article or a report of the results of an
experiment.
Analytical
It’s rare for a university-level text to be purely descriptive.
Most academic writing is also analytical. Analytical writing
includes descriptive writing, but you also re-organise the facts
and information you describe into categories, groups, parts,
types or relationships.

6. Persuasive
In most academic writing, you are required to go at least one step
further than analytical writing, to persuasive writing. Persuasive writing has all
the features of analytical writing (that is, information plus re-organising the
information), with the addition of your own point of view. Most essays are
persuasive, and there is a persuasive element in at least the discussion and
conclusion of a research article.
Critical
Critical writing is common for research, postgraduate and advanced
undergraduate writing. It has all the features of persuasive writing, with the
added feature of at least one other point of view. While persuasive writing
requires you to have your own point of view on an issue or topic, critical writing
requires you to consider at least two points of view, including your own.

7. Figurative language and idiomatic expressions are best
utilized in personal narratvies or creative writing.
Creative Writing is "writing that expresses ideas and
thoughts in an imaginative way." It's the "art of making things up"
or putting a creative splash on history, as in creative nonfiction.
In both instances, creative writing is an art form because you have
to step out of reality and into a new realm, inspired by your mental
meanderings. In this capacity, you're able to express feelings and
emotions instead of cold, hard facts, as we do in academic writing.

8. Point of
Contrast
Academic Writing Literary/ Creative Writing
Purpose • To inform
• To persuade
• To inform
• To entertain
Audience Teachers, peers, academic
commnity, area/discipline experts
Public
Language • Formal
• Standard English
• Denotative
• Direct
• Informal
• Figurative
• indirect
• connotative
Tone Impersonal Personal

9. Although the accepted form of academic writing is in the social sciences can vary
considerable depending on the methodological framework and the intended audience,
most college-level research papers require careful attention to the following stylistic
elements.
I. The Big Picture
Unlike fiction or journalistic writing, the overall structure of academic writing is
formal and logical. It must be cohesive and posses a logically organized flow of ideas; this
means that the various parts are connected to form a unified whole.
II. The Tone
The overall tone refers to the attitude conveyed in a piece of writing.
III. Diction
Diction refers to the chouce of words you use. Awareness of the words you use is
important because words that have almost the same denotation (dictionary definition)
can have very different conotations (implied meaning)

10. IV. The Language
Clear use of language is essential in academic writing. Well-structured paragraphs and clear topic
sentences enable a reader to follow your line of thinking without difficulty.
V. Academic Conventions
Citing sources in the body of your paper and providing a list or references as either footnotes or end
notes is very important aspect of acdemic writing. It is essential to always acknowledge the source of any
ideas, research findings, data, or quoted text that you have used in your paper as a defense against
allegations of plagiarism.
VI. Evidence-Based Arguments
Assignments offen ask you to express your own point of view about the research problem.
However, what is valued academic writing is that opinions based on a sound understanding of the pertinent
body of knowledge and academic event that exist within.
VII. Thesis-Driven
Academic writing is “thesis-driven”, meaning that the starting point is a particular perpective, idea, or
“thesis” applied to the chosen research problem, such as establishing, proving, or disproving solutions to the
questions posed for the topic.

11. VIII. Complexity and Higher-Order Thinking
One of the academic writing is to describe complex ideas as clearly as
possible. Academic writing requires critical thinking , before anyone writes the
major consideration is the selection of the topic. Academic writing is an
organized writing in fact, academic writing emphasize the "principles first".