Radium is a radioactive metal that can be harmful if exposed to in large amounts, as it can lead to health issues like anemia, cancer, and death from radiation poisoning. While it has some useful applications, such as in luminous paint and cancer treatment, radium must be handled carefully due to its radioactivity and manufacturers should take precautions to prevent environmental contamination from radium exposure. Proper safety measures and minimizing radiation exposure can help avoid abusing this potentially dangerous element.
This is a simple presentation made by our group. We decided to post it on slideshare, so that other people might also get a view to our work. This is just a simple presentation, but we've done our best to complete it.
The corrosion rate of nickel based alloys increases by the chlorates and some sulfur based compounds in caustic soda that should be discarded in case it is feasible.
This is a simple presentation made by our group. We decided to post it on slideshare, so that other people might also get a view to our work. This is just a simple presentation, but we've done our best to complete it.
The corrosion rate of nickel based alloys increases by the chlorates and some sulfur based compounds in caustic soda that should be discarded in case it is feasible.
Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution Using Ion Exchange Resin MBHPE-TKPijsrd.com
The aim of this study is to synthesis of TKP (MBHPE-TKP) resin for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution. Ion exchange resins are polymers that are capable of exchanging particular ions within the polymer with ions in a solution that is passed through them. This ability is also seen in various natural systems such as soils and living cells. The synthetic resins are used primarily for purifying water, but also for various other applications including separating out some elements. Factorial design of experiments is employed to study the effect of above factors pH, time and sorbent used. The new synthesized resins i.e. MBHPE–TKP is hydrophilic and biodegradable, so after effluent treatment used resins can be disposed off without facing any environmental problem .This study focuses on synthesis of new cation exchange resin (MBHPE – TKP) and developing method for treatment of highly contaminated industrial effluents.
Common Heavy Metal Contaminations and Its Hazard Sotheara Kong
This piece of education slide provide you a general information about 4 Common Heavy Metal Contamination and its Hazard in ground water. It consist of many information that may has advantage to the researcher especially someone who researching on removable of chemical contamination from ground water.
A Review on the Synthesis, Properties, Applications, and Harmful Effects of A...ijtsrd
Alumina is an inert, white amorphous solid that occurs naturally in various minerals like corundum. Alumina has been recognized as an excellent material that has countless industrial applications and has improved human life in several ways. Due to extraordinary strength, inertness, and excellent biocompatibility, it is used extensively in the medical field. Its use in armour ranks it to be a life saving material. In this review, we have thoroughly discussed the synthesis, crystal structure, properties, applications, and harmful effects of alumina. We believe this article will give insight to alumina to the researchers. Nadira Arif | Shahzad Ahmad "A Review on the Synthesis, Properties, Applications, and Harmful Effects of Alumina" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49782.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/49782/a-review-on-the-synthesis-properties-applications-and-harmful-effects-of-alumina/nadira-arif
Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution Using Ion Exchange Resin MBHPE-TKPijsrd.com
The aim of this study is to synthesis of TKP (MBHPE-TKP) resin for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution. Ion exchange resins are polymers that are capable of exchanging particular ions within the polymer with ions in a solution that is passed through them. This ability is also seen in various natural systems such as soils and living cells. The synthetic resins are used primarily for purifying water, but also for various other applications including separating out some elements. Factorial design of experiments is employed to study the effect of above factors pH, time and sorbent used. The new synthesized resins i.e. MBHPE–TKP is hydrophilic and biodegradable, so after effluent treatment used resins can be disposed off without facing any environmental problem .This study focuses on synthesis of new cation exchange resin (MBHPE – TKP) and developing method for treatment of highly contaminated industrial effluents.
Common Heavy Metal Contaminations and Its Hazard Sotheara Kong
This piece of education slide provide you a general information about 4 Common Heavy Metal Contamination and its Hazard in ground water. It consist of many information that may has advantage to the researcher especially someone who researching on removable of chemical contamination from ground water.
A Review on the Synthesis, Properties, Applications, and Harmful Effects of A...ijtsrd
Alumina is an inert, white amorphous solid that occurs naturally in various minerals like corundum. Alumina has been recognized as an excellent material that has countless industrial applications and has improved human life in several ways. Due to extraordinary strength, inertness, and excellent biocompatibility, it is used extensively in the medical field. Its use in armour ranks it to be a life saving material. In this review, we have thoroughly discussed the synthesis, crystal structure, properties, applications, and harmful effects of alumina. We believe this article will give insight to alumina to the researchers. Nadira Arif | Shahzad Ahmad "A Review on the Synthesis, Properties, Applications, and Harmful Effects of Alumina" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49782.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/49782/a-review-on-the-synthesis-properties-applications-and-harmful-effects-of-alumina/nadira-arif
Toxicity is a function of solubility. Insoluble compounds as well as the metallic forms often exhibit negligible toxicity. The toxicity of any metal depends on its ligands. Heavy metal toxicity can result in damaged or reduced mental and central nervous function, lower energy levels, and damage to blood composition, lungs, kidneys, liver, and other vital organs.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
1. Abuse Me and You’ll See!!
A presentation by Group # 1 of III- St.
Charles
Aaron Bernardo LOADING
Albert Alegre
Ivan Atinaja LOADING
Aaron Alsol COMPLETE
Jeyo Artuz
2. A Friendly Reminder
Humans were given stewardship over the world and we
are doing a horrible job on it.
We aim for progress yet we do the exact opposite by
biting the hand that feeds us and cutting off our food
supply.
Everything can be achieved by discipline and the change
has to start with people like you.
3. Friendly Reminder
The past generation has done their part
and fought their battles.
This is our turn.
5. Aluminium
Characteristics
Classification: Aluminum is an ‘other metal’
Color: silvery
Atomic weight: 26.98154 g/mol
State: solid
Melting point: 660.32 oC, 933.57 K
Boiling point: 2466.85 oC, 2740.00 K
Shells: 2,8,3
Electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
Density @ 20oC: 2.702 g/cm3
Atomic volume: 9.98 cm3/mol
Structure: fcc: face-centered cubic
Hardness: 2.8 mohs
HOME
6. Aluminium
Characteristics
Aluminum is a silvery-white metal. It does not stick to
magnets (it is paramagnetic and so its magnetism under
normal conditions is very, very weak). It is an excellent
electrical conductor. It is of low density and high
ductility. It is too reactive to be commonly found as the
metal although, very rarely, the native metal can be
found. (8)
HOME
7. Aluminium
• Usefulness
• At Home
Used for window frames, door knobs and to make utensils in the
kitchen. It is used in making golf clubs, indoor and outdoor
furniture, tennis bats, refrigerators, toasters, saucepans, kettles.
• Transportation
Used in parts of aircraft carriers boats, ship construction and
automobile parts.
• Packaging
Used in drink cans, bottle caps, foils, trays, etc. are all made out of
it. Other uses for packaging are storage boxes, utensil lids,
thermos, etc.
• Construction
Widely used for construction.
HOME
8. Aluminium
Harmful Effects to the Environment
May accumulate in plants and cause health problems for
animals that consume these plants.
In acidified lakes the number of fish and amphibians is
declining due to reactions of Aluminium ions with
proteins in the gills of fish and the embryo's of frogs.
High Aluminium concentrations do not only cause effects
upon fish, but also upon birds and other animals that
consume contaminated fish and insects and upon
animals that breathe in Aluminium through air.
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9. Aluminium
Harmful Effects to Humans
Harmful effects to human body and animals
Long lasting uptakes of significant concentrations of
Aluminium can lead to serious health effects, such as:
- Damage to the central nervous system
- Dementia
- Loss of memory
- Listlessness
- Severe trembling
Can cause problems for kidney patients when it enters the
body during kidney dialyses.
Inhalation of finely divided aluminium and aluminium oxide
powder has been reported as a cause of lung damage.
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10. Aluminium
How is it Abused
Industries use Aluminium to make their products. The
global production of Aluminium was 32 million tons. High
levels of Aluminium could cause serious health
problems.
In addition, people with diminished kidney function and
older people, who were exposed to high levels of
Aluminium from the air or have stored high levels of
Aluminium in their bodies, are more likely to develop
Aluminium toxicity.
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11. Aluminium
How to Avoid Abusing It
Aluminium content in must be restrained by managing
the packaging methods.
Workers in the industries that use Aluminium in making
their products must avoid being exposed to Aluminium
too much. They should limit their selves in being
exposed to high levels of Aluminium
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12. Nitrogen
Characteristics
Classification: Nitrogen is a gas and a nonmetal
Color: colorless
Atomic weight: 14.0067
State: gas
Melting point: -210.1 oC, 63.05 K
Boiling point: -195.8 oC, 77.4 K
Shells: 2,5
Electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p3
Density @ 20oC: 0.0012506 g/cm3
Atomic volume: 17.3 cm3/mol
Structure: hcp: hexagonal close-packed
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13. Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic and
generally inert gas at standard temperature and
pressure.
HOME
14. Nitrogen
Usefulness
It is used in food preservation, fertilizers, explosives, in
many electrical parts such as transistors, in high voltage
equipment, to manufacture stainless steel, military fuel,
Liquid nitrogen
Used to preserve blood, sperm and egg and other
biological samples.
HOME
15. Nitrogen
Harmful Effects to the Environment
Largely contributes in climate change, and biodiversity
loss.
Contributes in the process of acid rain in the form of
nitrogen oxides because nitrogen reacts with water.
Nitrogen oxides pollutes in wet depositions, it turns the
atmospheric water vapor to acid and dry by affecting
those which are close to the source.
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16. Nitrogen
Harmful Effects to Humans
Nitrous oxide displaces oxygen which will result to
suffocations, and as it was said that nitrogen contributes
in acid rain by reacting to water it makes it very
dangerous to every human health.
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17. Nitrogen
How it is Abused
Like in most things we can abuse it by overusing it. By
overusing it in many fertilizers which would lead to
nitrogen pollution in land and pollute those plants which
is planted on the place where it is polluted.
HOME
18. Nitrogen
How to Avoid Abusing it
Human should be careful in handling nitrogen because
when handling large amount of nitrogen and inhaling it
they would lack the oxygen they need.
Using oxygen tanks may be required.
HOME
19. Sulfur
Characteristics
Classification: Sulfur is a chalcogen and a nonmetal
Color: yellow
Atomic weight: 32.06
State: solid
Melting point: 115.2 oC, 388.4 K
Boiling point: 444.7 oC, 717.9 K
Shells: 2,8,6
Electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
Density @ 20oC: 2.07 g/cm3
Atomic volume: 15.5 cm3/mol
Structure: S8 rings
Hardness: 2 mohs
HOME
20. Sulfur
Characteristics
Sulfur is a soft, pale yellow, odorless, brittle solid. It is
insoluble in water, but soluble in carbon disulfide. It
burns with a blue flame, oxidizing to sulfur dioxide.
HOME
21. Sulfur
Usefulness
Used in black gunpowder, matches, and fireworks, in the
vulcanization of rubber, as a fungicide, insecticide, and
fumigant; in the manufacture of fertilizers; and in the
treatment of certain skin diseases.
HOME
22. Sulfur
Harmful Effects to the Environment
Largely contributes on forming acid rain, which will
acidified soils, lakes and streams, it also accelerates
corrosions of buildings and reduced visibility
HOME
23. Sulfur
Harmful Effects to Humans
If there is a high concentration of sulfur dioxide, it can
result to the breathing problems of asthmatic children
and adults. Exposure would lead to chest tightness,
shortness of breath and wheezing.
With a longer exposure it would result to respiratory
illness, weakening of lung’s defence and worsening of a
cardio vascular disease.
HOME
24. Sulfur
How it is Abused
Manufacturers allow sulfur to escape into the
atmosphere allowing it to oxidize and contribute to acid
rain.
HOME
25. Sulfur
How to Avoid Abusing It
Since it is dangerous to get sulfur escape in its
manufacturing, it should always be taken with
precautions because sulfur is dangerous if one inhales it
or if one is exposed to it.
HOME
26. Fluorine
Characteristics
Classification: Fluorine is a halogen and a nonmetal
Color: pale yellow
Atomic weight: 18.998403
State: gas
Melting point: -219.6 oC, 53.6 K
Boiling point: -188.1 oC, 85.1 K
Shells: 2,7
Electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p5
Density @ 20oC: 0.001696 g/cm3
Atomic volume: 17.1 cm3/mol
Structure: cubic crystals in solid phase
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27. Fluorine
Characteristics
Fluorine is the most reactive and the most
electronegative of all the elements.
Fluorine is a pale yellow, diatomic, highly
corrosive, flammable gas, with a pungent odor. It is the
lightest halogen.
It reacts violently with water to produce oxygen and the
extremely corrosive hydrofluoric acid.
HOME
28. Fluorine
Usefulness
Used in rocket fuels, in production of polymers and
plastics, and a common ingredient in toothpastes.
Fluoride is used to prevent tooth decay and thus added
to toothpastes and mouth washes.
Used in the purification of public water supplies. This has
shown to reduce the incidence of dental carries and
other dental problems greatly.
HOME
29. Fluorine
Harmful Effects to the Environment
Too much fluoride, whether taken in form the soil by
roots, or absorbed from the atmosphere by the leaves,
retards the growth of plants and reduces crop yields.
Those more affected are corns and apricots.
In the environment fluorine cannot be destroyed; it can
only change form.
Animals that are exposed to high concentrations of
fluorine suffer from dental decay and bone degradation.
HOME
30. Fluorine
Harmful Effects to Humans
Humans are exposed to fluorine through food and
drinking water and by breathing air.
Fluorine is essential for the maintenance of solidity of
our bones. Fluorine can also protect us from dental
decay, if it is applied through toothpaste twice a day.
If fluorine is absorbed too frequently, it can cause teeth
decay, osteoporosis and harm to kidneys, bones, nerves
and muscles.
Fluorine gas is released in the industries. This gas is
very dangerous, as it can cause death at very high
concentrations.
HOME
31. Fluorine
How the it is Abused
Fluorine is a pale yellow, diatomic, highly
corrosive, flammable gas, with a pungent odor.
It is the lightest halogen. It reacts violently with water
to produce oxygen and the extremely corrosive
hydrofluoric acid.
Manufacturers release fluorine accidentally to the
environment in some instances.
HOME
32. Fluorine
How to Avoid Abusing It
People must be careful in using it because Fluorine is
highly toxic and corrosive. When Fluorine gas contacts
other chemicals, it results in flames and fluorine gas is
so reactive that when it flows onto a brick, the brick
ignites.
HOME
33. Neon
Characteristics
Classification: Neon is a noble gas and a nonmetal
Color: colorless
Atomic weight: 20.180
State: gas
Melting point: -248.57 oC, 24.53 K
Boiling point: -246.0 oC, 27.1 K
Shells: 2,8
Electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6
Density @ 20oC: 0.0009 g/cm3
Atomic volume: 16.7 cm3/mol
Structure: fcc: face-centered cubic
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34. Neon
Characteristics
Neon is a light, very inert gas.
Colorless under normal conditions, it glows a reddish-
orange in a vacuum discharge tube.
Neon forms no known stable compounds.
HOME
35. Neon
Usefulness
It is used in glow lamps, electron tubes, neon light
signs, fluorescent tubes, gas lasers, television tubes,
vacuum tubes
HOME
36. Neon
Harmful Effects to the Environment
No threat to the environment
It is chemically not reactive and doesn’t form
compounds
HOME
37. Neon
Harmful Effects to Humans
Through inhalation humans may experience suffocation,
dizziness, vomiting, nausea, unconsciousness, death
HOME
38. Neon
How It is Abused
Too much use of neon lights lead to pollution and the
use of electricity increases which has negative effects in
the long run.
HOME
39. Neon
How to Avoid Abusing It
The use of neon lights must be reduced and it should be
used with other elements.
HOME
40. Radium
Characteristics
Classification: Radium is an alkali earth metal
Color: silvery white
Atomic weight: (226), no stable isotopes
State: solid
Melting point: 700 oC, 973 K
Boiling point: 1500 oC, 1773 K
Shells: 2,8,18,32,18,8,2
Electron configuration: [Rn] 7s2
Density @ 20oC: 5.5 g/cm3
Atomic volume: 45.20 cm3/mol
Structure: bcc: body-centered cubic
HOME
41. Radium
Characteristics
Radium is a silvery-white metal. It is highly radioactive
and its decay product, radon gas, is also radioactive.
One result of radium’s intense radioactivity is that the
metal and its compounds glow in the dark.
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42. Raduim
Usefulness
It is used in self-luminous paints, aircraft switches,
clocks, nuclear panels, instrument dials, source of
radiation to treat cancer and the production of radon gas
HOME
44. Raduim
Harmful Effects to Humans
With longer exposure, it can result to anemia, leukemia,
cataracts, fractured teeth, replacement of calcium in
bones, death, higher risk of cancer to all tissues and
organs
HOME
45. Raduim
How it is Abused
Humans allow too much exposure of the element in the
environment causing an increase in radiation.
HOME
46. Raduim
How to Avoid Abusing It
Safety precaution must always be used and exposure to
radiation must be minimized.
HOME
47. Lead
Characteristics
Classification: Lead is an ‘other metal’
Color: bluish gray
Atomic weight: 207.2
State: solid
Melting point: 327.46 oC, 600.61 K
Boiling point: 1750 oC, 2023 K
Shells: 2,8,18,32,18,4
Electron configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Density @ 20oC: 11.34 g/cm3
Atomic volume: 18.17 cm3/mol
Structure: fcc: face-centered cubic
Hardness: 1.5 mohs
HOME
48. Lead
Characteristics
Lead is a bluish-gray, soft, dense metal that has a bright
luster when freshly cut.
It tarnishes slowly in moist air to form a dull gray
coating.
The metal is highly ductile and malleable.
Lead is extremely resistant to corrosion and is a poor
conductor of electricity.
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49. Lead
Usefulness
Lead is used in lead-acid batteries, bullets and shots,
weights, as part of solders, pewters, fusible alloys, and as a
radiation shield.
Lead is added to brass to reduce machine tool wear. In the
form of strips, or tape, lead is used for the customization of
tennis rackets. Tennis rackets of the past sometimes had
lead added to them by the manufacturer to increase weight.
Lead has many uses in the construction industry.
HOME
50. Lead
Harmful Effects to the Environment
Deteriorating lead-based paint in older houses, and
mining and smelting communities leave high
concentrations of lead in air, water and soil.
Lead has only harmful effects on our health, and each
time we are exposed to lead some of it is stored in our
bodies for the rest of our lives.
Even small amounts of lead in our environment can be
harmful if we are continually exposed.
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51. Lead
Harmful Effects to Humans
Lead is a highly poisonous metalaffecting almost every
organ and system in the body. The main target for lead
toxicity is the nervous system, both in adults and
children.
Long-term exposure of adults can result in decreased
performance in some tests that measure functions of the
nervous system.
It is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream and is
believed to have adverse effects on the central nervous
system, the cardiovascular system, kidneys, and the
immune system.
HOME
52. Lead
How it is Abused
It is abused when used as paint on children’s toys and
when handled irresponsibly allowing it to be released in
the environment.
HOME
53. Lead
How to Avoid Abusing It
It should be handled with care and avoid skin contact.
Don't try to inhale it.
The use of it should be lessened in order to lessen lead
poisoning.
HOME
54. Manganese
Characteristics
Manganese is a transition metal
Color: gray-white
Atomic weight: 54.9380
State: solid
Melting point: 1250 oC, 1523 K
Boiling point: 2060 oC, 2333 K
Shells: 2,8,13,2
Electron configuration: [Ar] 3d5 4s2
Density @ 20oC: 7.43 g/cm3
Atomic volume: 7.4 cm3/mol
Structure: complex (cubic)
Hardness: 6.0 mohs
55. Manganese
Characteristics
Manganese is a gray-white, hard, brittle, metal that can
take a high polish. It is not magnetic. The metal
tarnishes on exposure to air and, when heated, oxidizes
to manganese(II, III) oxide (Mn3O4).
56. Manganese
Usefulness
Manganese is essential to iron and steel production. The
second large application for manganese is as alloying
agent for aluminium.
A compound of manganese is used as an additive in
unleaded gasoline to boost octane rating and reduce
engine knocking.
HOME
57. Manganese
Harmful Effects to the Environment
There are higher levels of manganese in natural bodies
of water and it is known to cause cognitive impairment
ad reduced intellectual capacity. The same may be to
animals.
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58. Manganese
Harmful Effects to Humans
Manganese overexposure is most frequently associated
with manganism, a rare neurological disorder associated
with excessive manganese ingestion or inhalation.
Manganism is a biphasic disorder.
Symptoms include weakness, monotone and slowed
speech, an expressionless face, tremor, forward-leaning
gait, inability to walk backwards without falling, rigidity,
and general problems with dexterity, gait and balance.
It becomes more severe over time even if the source of
exposure is removed and brain manganese levels return
to normal.
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59. Manganese
How it is Abused
Chronic manganese toxicity would harm us if we abuse
the use of manganese. Manganese compounds are less
toxic than those of other widespread metals, such as
nickel and copper. Manganese poisoning has been linked
to impaired motor skills and cognitive disorders.
HOME
60. Manganese
How to Avoid Abusing It
For the workers who work with manganese, Avoid being
over exposed so not to have manganism. it should be
used as little amounts only so not to absorb all its
harmful effects.
HOME
61. Arsenic
Characteristics
Classification: Arsenic is a metalloid
Color: gray
Atomic weight: 74.9216
State: solid
Melting point: 817 oC, 1090 K
Boiling point: 614 oC, 887 K
Shells: 2,8,18,5
Electron configuration: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3
Density @ 20oC: 5.776 g/cm3
Atomic volume: 12.97 cm3/mol
Structure: rhombohedral; layers of 6-member rings
Hardness: 3.5 mohs
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62. Arsenic
Characteristics
Arsenic occurs in three distinct solid forms.
Gray arsenic is the most common. It has a metallic
sheen and conducts electricity.
Yellow arsenic is metastable, is a poor electrical
conductor and does not have a metallic sheen. It is
prepared by cooling gray arsenic vapor in liquid air. It
reverts to gray arsenic at room temperature.
Black arsenic can be prepared by cooling arsenic vapor
at 100oC – 200 oC. It is glassy, brittle and a poor
electrical conductor.
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63. Arsenic
Usefulness
It is used in combination with other materials in
pigments, poison gases and insecticides (such as Paris
Green, calcium arsenate and lead arsenate) and is well
known from former use as a rat poison.
Used in ammunition manufacturing because it helps to
create harder and rounder bullets.
Used in small quantities in semi-conductor
manufacturing.
HOME
64. Arsenic
Harmful Effects to the Environment
Arsenic is a naturally occurring element that is normally
present throughout our environment in water, soil, dust, air,
and food.
Emissions from metal-refining smelters have contaminated
soil with arsenic.
The arsenic from farming and smelting tends to bind
strongly to soil and is expected to remain near the surface
of the land for hundreds of years as a long-term source of
exposure.
Some underground aquifers are located in rock or soil that
has naturally high arsenic content. Well water pumped from
these aquifers can have arsenic levels that exceed public
health safety standards.
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65. Arsenic
Harmful Effects to Humans
Swallowing relatively large amounts of arsenic (even just
one time) can cause mild symptoms, serious illness, or
death. Milder effects may include swelling of the
face, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, or diarrhea.
Serious effects may include coma, internal bleeding, or
nerve damage causing weakness or loss of sensation in
the hands, arms, feet, or legs.
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66. Arsenic
How it is Abused
Arsenic was before released into the environment
without care and precautions in the form of pesticides
and now some farmlands are contaminated and will be
contaminated for a very very long time.
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67. Arsenic
How to Avoid Abusing It
The use of astatine in the open environment should be
avoided if not exterminated completely. It has a lot of
harmful effects and should be phased out.
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68. Mercury
Characteristics
Classification: Mercury is a transition metal
Color: silvery-white
Atomic weight: 200.59
State: liquid
Melting point: -38.83 oC, 234.32 K
Boiling point: 356.73 oC, 629.88 K
Shells: 2,8,18,32,18,2
Electron configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
Density @ 20oC: 13.546 g/cm3
Atomic volume: 14.82 cm3/mol
Structure: solid is rhombohedral
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69. Mercury
Characteristics
Mercury is a dense, silvery-white, poisonous metal with
a mirror-like appearance.
It is the only common metal that is liquid at room
temperature. Mercury evaporates slowly at room
temperature.
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71. Mercury
Harmful Effects to the Environment
Organic mercury tends to increase up the food chain,
particularly in lakes. Worms and insects in the mud
extract and concentrate the organic mercury.
Small fish that eat these critters further concentrate the
mercury in their bodies. This concentration process,
known as "bioaccumulation", continues as larger fish eat
smaller fish until the top predator fish.
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72. Mercury
How it is Abused
It still used in household and commercial products, as
well as industrial processes. Coal-fired power plants,
incinerators, some manufacturing plants, hospitals,
dental offices, schools and even homes have all been
found to release mercury.
In the home, mercury can be found in fluorescent lights,
thermostats, thermometers, and even some children's
toys.
At school, mercury may be in science and chemistry
classrooms, the nurse's office and electrical systems.
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73. Mercury
Harmful Effects to Humans
Common symptoms of mercury poisoning
include peripheral neuropathy (itching, burning or pain),
skin discoloration (pink cheeks, fingertips and toes),
swelling, and desquamation (shedding of skin).
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74. Mercury
How to Avoid Abusing It
When in use, mercury must not come in contact with the
skin or be ingested in anyway. Professionals must be
called to handle mercury spills.
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