Centrifugal pumps work by converting rotational kinetic energy into hydrodynamic energy of fluid flow. Fluid enters through the eye of the casing axially and is caught by the impeller blades, gaining both velocity and pressure as it moves radially and tangentially outward through the impeller. The fluid then passes into the diffuser section of the casing, where it is decelerated and its pressure is further increased before exiting the pump. Centrifugal pumps are commonly used for sewage, petroleum, and other industrial applications and work on the principle of converting mechanical energy into pressure energy through centrifugal force acting on the fluid.

1. ABSTRACT :-
The report introduces and describes the principle and its
performance of “Centrifugal pumps”. Centrifugal pumps are used
to transport fluids by the conversion of rotational kinectic energy
to the hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow. Its common uses
as a sewage ,petroleum and petrochemical pumping, a
centrifugal fan is commonly used to implement a vacuum
cleaner.If the mechanical energy is converted into pressure
energy by means of centrifugal force acting on the fluid ,the
hydraulic machine is called “Centrifugal pumps”. Its works on a
principle of vortex flow.The Centrifugal pumps acts as a reversal
of an inward radial flow reaction turbine. Its means that the flow
in centrifugal pumps is in the radial outward directions.The mains
of centrifugal pumps are impeller,casing,suction pipe with a foot
valve and a strainer,delivery pipe etc.
A centrifugal pump converts
rotational energy, often from a motor, to energy in a moving fluid.
A portion of the energy goes into kinetic energy of the fluid. Fluid
enters axially through eye of the casing, is caught up in the
impeller blades, and is whirled tangentially and radially outward
until it leaves through all circumferential parts of the impeller into
the diffuser part of the casing. The fluid gains both velocity and
pressure while passing through the impeller. The doughnut-
shaped diffuser, or scroll, section of the casing decelerates the
flow and further increases the pressure.