Abiotic and Biotic Factors
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This document outlines the key abiotic and biotic factors that affect organisms and shape ecosystems. Abiotic factors include temperature, precipitation, sunlight, pH of soil/water, salinity, air, and water. Biotic factors include bacteria, disease, insects, plants, and animals. Together, the living and non-living factors determine whether organisms can survive in their habitat.
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Influenza is caused by a virus that infects cells and often mutates, so immunity to one strain does not protect against others. It is transmitted through direct contact, contaminated objects, or inhaled aerosols. Symptoms include fever, body aches, headache, and cough. Treatment focuses on symptom relief and there are now three licensed antiviral treatments in the UK. Prevention includes an annual flu vaccine tailored to the strains expected to cause epidemics that year. Anorexia nervosa has unclear causes but links to anxiety, unhappiness, and low self-esteem. Symptoms include extreme weight loss and medical complications. Treatment involves hospitalization for refeeding and behavioral therapy to address emotional issues.
1. diseases case studies
The document discusses chickenpox and Down's syndrome. Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and spreads through saliva or mucus. It causes a red, itchy rash and symptoms include fever, headache and sore throat. Treatment involves antiviral medication or creams to reduce itchiness. Prevention includes vaccination which is highly effective. Down's syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by a third copy of chromosome 21, leading to distinctive physical features. It cannot be prevented but conditions can be treated through surgery or medication.
Infectious and Non Infectious Diseases
Whooping cough is caused by the Bordetella pertussis bacteria. It is transmitted through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing, and sometimes through contact with clothes or toys. Early symptoms resemble a common cold with sneezing, runny nose, and slight fever. Later, uncontrolled bouts of coughing occur with a characteristic "whooping" sound between coughs. Treatment involves antibiotics like azithromycin or erythromycin for 5-7 days. Other supportive treatments include steam inhalation, paracetamol, fluids, and rest. Vaccinations against whooping cough are recommended for babies and children through the DTaP vaccine.
Disease case study- Francesca Reid
The document discusses influenza (flu) and its characteristics. It describes how the flu virus mutates annually to evade immunity, but every 30 years or so a major "shift" occurs that causes a pandemic. Symptoms of the flu include fever, aches, cough and tiredness. The best prevention is an annual flu vaccine, as the virus changes each year. Type 1 diabetes is also summarized, where the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Its treatment requires insulin injections and managing diet and activity levels. While there is no cure for either condition, vaccination and healthy habits can help prevent their spread.
Case study diseases
This document compares the infectious disease whooping cough and the non-infectious genetic disease Down syndrome. Whooping cough is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis and spreads through airborne droplets. It causes a runny nose, cough, and can be life threatening for infants. Antibiotics and vaccination are used for treatment and prevention. Down syndrome is a genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21. It causes distinctive facial features and cognitive impairment. While it cannot be prevented, treatments have improved life expectancy and managed associated medical conditions. Both diseases most severely impact infants and have varying incidence rates around the world.
Infectious & non infectious diseases
Tetanus is caused by a bacteria that enters the body through wounds. It causes painful muscle spasms. Symptoms include headaches, jaw cramping, and muscle stiffness. Treatment requires antibiotics, wound care, and drugs to control muscle spasms. The tetanus vaccine and boosters provide effective prevention. Rates are highest in hot, damp climates with organic soil.
Down syndrome is a genetic condition where a person is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21. It causes intellectual and physical disabilities as well as health issues. Symptoms vary but may include heart disease, hearing loss, and intestinal problems. Early therapy can help improve skills. Risk increases with the mother's age. There is no known
Disease case study sermin sayan
AIDS is caused by the HIV virus which is transmitted through bodily fluids and blood-to-blood contact. Early symptoms include swollen lymph nodes and fatigue, while later symptoms include weight loss, diarrhea, and attacks of shingles. There is no cure, but antiviral drugs can treat HIV/AIDS. Prevention involves avoiding practices like sharing needles or having unprotected sex. Over 22 million people in Africa have been diagnosed with AIDS since 1981.
Parkinson's disease causes slow movement, muscle rigidity and tremors due to a lack of dopamine. It is not contagious and may be inherited or caused by environmental toxins. Symptoms include tremors, stiffness, and impaired motor skills. Treatments aim to boost
5. disease case studies
This document discusses and compares two diseases: chicken pox and anorexia nervosa. Chicken pox is a highly contagious viral disease that causes an itchy rash. It spreads through contact with infected individuals and can be prevented through vaccination. Anorexia nervosa is a psychological disorder characterized by an obsessive fear of gaining weight and refusal to eat. It has complex cultural, biological, and psychological causes and can lead to severe physical and mental health issues if not properly treated through hospitalization and monitored recovery programs. Both diseases are most common in adolescents and have become more prevalent in recent decades, influenced by modern culture.
Diseases case study jennifer yu
This document provides information on malaria and osteoporosis. It describes the four species of parasites that cause malaria in humans and their symptoms. Malaria is transmitted through mosquito bites and symptoms include fever, fatigue and enlarged spleen. Treatment differs for uncomplicated and severe malaria, utilizing artemisinin-based combination therapy and injectable artesunate respectively. Prevention focuses on insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor spraying. Osteoporosis is caused by factors like genetics, menopause and inactivity. It often produces no symptoms until fractures occur. Treatment includes hormones, bisphosphonates, calcium and exercise while prevention emphasizes calcium/vitamin D intake and weight-bearing exercise.
Infectious and non infectious diseases - olivia tan
Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and spreads through the air or direct contact. It causes a red, itchy rash all over the body and small blisters that crust over. Most cases are mild and do not require treatment beyond anti-itch lotions and oatmeal baths. The chickenpox vaccine is highly effective at preventing infection. Breast cancer is caused by abnormal cell growth in the breast and symptoms include new lumps or changes in breast shape or skin. Treatment involves surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Regular breast exams and a healthy lifestyle can help prevent breast cancer.
3 infectious and non-infectious disease rebecca
Tetanus is caused by toxins produced by the Clostridium tetani bacteria entering the body through wounds. It causes painful muscle spasms and can be fatal if untreated. Immunization through vaccines like DTaP can prevent tetanus. While once common, reported tetanus cases and deaths are now very low in Australia due to widespread immunization.
Parkinson's disease is caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. It causes movement-related symptoms like tremors and rigidity. While its causes are unknown, it tends to affect older individuals. Treatment focuses on replacing lost dopamine or controlling symptoms, but cannot stop the progression of neuronal
3 infectious and non-infectious diseases ppt
This document summarizes information about two diseases: tetanus and Parkinson's disease. Tetanus is caused by toxins produced by the Clostridium tetani bacteria entering the body through wounds. It causes painful muscle spasms and can be fatal if untreated. Vaccines provide effective prevention. Parkinson's disease results from the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. Its characteristic symptoms include tremors, slow movement, and rigid facial expressions. While its causes are unknown, treatments aim to replace dopamine or reduce symptoms. Both diseases disproportionately impact older populations.
Infectious & non infectious case study
Tetanus is caused by bacteria that enters the body through open wounds and produces toxins affecting the nervous system. It causes stiffness of the jaw and muscles. While it can affect anyone, it is more common in areas without immunization. Treatment involves antibiotics, antitoxins, and in severe cases mechanical ventilation. Prevention is through vaccination and prophylaxis for open wounds.
Alzheimer's disease causes brain cells to die faster than normal aging. Genetic factors play a role in some rare early-onset cases. Symptoms include memory loss, confusion, problems with language and spatial skills. While there is no cure, treatments can help manage symptoms. Prevention may involve antioxidants but more research is needed as the causes are
Disease case studies
The document discusses chickenpox, caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It spreads easily through sneezes, coughs or sharing food/drinks. Symptoms include tiredness, fever and rash appearing as red spots developing into blisters. Home treatment with rest, fever medication and oatmeal baths is usually sufficient. Vaccination can prevent chickenpox. Chickenpox is most common in children under 12, in early spring/late winter worldwide.
Non infectious and infectious diseases case study-Nidhi kontham
This document discusses and compares skin cancer and malaria. It outlines the symptoms of each disease, which include unusual spots on the skin for skin cancer and high fever, chills, and muscle pain for malaria. It also discusses prevention methods for both diseases, such as wearing sunscreen and protective clothing to prevent skin cancer and taking preventative medicines to prevent malaria. The document notes that malaria occurs most commonly in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Latin America, and some parts of Europe and the Middle East.
Infectious and non infectious diseases
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a parasite transmitted through mosquito bites. Symptoms include fever, headache, vomiting and muscle pain. If not treated, malaria can become life-threatening by disrupting red blood cells. Effective treatment involves prompt use of artemisinin-based therapies. Prevention focuses on insecticide-treated nets, indoor spraying and repellents. Malaria occurs in over 100 countries in tropical and subtropical regions, especially affecting pregnant women, infants and those with HIV/AIDS.
Osteoporosis is a non-infectious disease where bones become weaker and more prone to fractures as people age. It is caused by loss of bone density and commonly affects women and men over
Prayer to mark international women’s day
Sambhali Trust http://www.sambhali-trust.org/ is a non-profit NGO that runs a variety of projects that empower women and girls who are victims or potential victims of abuse.
Watch: The Girl Effect-the clock is ticking http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1e8xgF0JtVg&NR=1&feature=endscreen
and
The Girl Effect: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIvmE4_KMNw
Case study
The Red Kangaroo is the largest living marsupial in Australia. It evolved adaptations like different types of milk production and hopping to survive in arid environments as Australia's climate changed. The introduction of livestock and agriculture by Europeans further increased the Red Kangaroo's habitat and food sources, causing its population to grow. Its red fur color also provides camouflage in the red Australian soil, demonstrating natural selection pressures. Overall, the environmental changes led to macroevolutionary changes in the Red Kangaroo over a long period of time.
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Infectious and non infectious diseases - olivia tan
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Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
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Event Link:- https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-mule-event-processing-models/
Agenda
● What is event processing in MuleSoft?
● Types of event processing models in Mule 4
● Distinction between the reactive, parallel, blocking & non-blocking processing
For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
Shivani Yasaswi - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shivaniyasaswi/
Organizers:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
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Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
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Abiotic and Biotic Factors
- 1. Temperature of atmosphere, pH of soil and Soil and water Water Precipitation Abiotic Air Factors Abiotic factors are the Water non-living chemical and Salinity Sunlight physical factors that affect the survival of organisms in their habitat.
- 2. Bacteria Disease Insects Animals Biotic Factors Biotic factors are the living components that affect the survival of organisms in their habitat. Biotic factors shape Plants the ecosystem.