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1. Endocrine Glands
By: Fabio Sierra ,Leonardo Ramos ,Yojani Hedman

2. Introduction
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In the human body, there is a set of silent
regulators that work to maintain balance and
harmony in our body. These are the small but
powerful endocrine glands, which secrete
hormones directly into the bloodstream to
transmit vital messages to all cells, tissues and
organs .

3. ENDOCRINE GLANDS
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¿What are Endocrine glands ?
Specialized organs of the endocrine system;
whose main function is to secrete hormones
directly into the bloodstream to regulate various
functions of the body.

4. Main function
• Metabolism
• growth
• Development
• Reproduction
• electrolyte balance
• stress response
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5. Main Endocrine Glands
Hypothalamus: It is located in the
lower central part of the brain. It links
the endocrine system with the
nervous system ,and collects the
information that the brain receives
(such as the temperature around us,
light exposure, and feelings) and
sends it to the pituitary gland.
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6. Main Endocrine Glands
Pituitary Gland (Pituitary): Often
called the “master gland,” the
pituitary secretes a variety of
hormones that regulate growth,
metabolism, sexual function, blood
pressure, and many other bodily
functions.
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7. Main Endocrine Glands
Thyroid: It is located in the lower and
anterior part of the neck. It has a bow
or butterfly shape. It makes the
thyroid hormones thyroxine and
triiodothyronine. These hormones
control the rate at which cells burn
fuel from food to generate energy.
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8. Main Endocrine Glands
Parathyroid: They are four tiny
glands attached to the thyroid gland,
which work together: they secrete
parathyroid hormone, which
regulates the concentration of
calcium in the blood with the help of
calcitonin, manufactured by the
thyroid gland.
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9. Main Endocrine Glands
Adrenal Glands: Located above the
kidneys, these glands produce
hormones such as cortisol and
adrenaline, which regulate stress,
metabolism, and response to danger.
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10. Main Endocrine Glands
Pancreas: It produces and secretes
insulin and glucagon, hormones that
control the concentration of glucose,
or sugar, in the blood. Insulin helps
keep the body with energy reserves.
The body uses stored energy for
physical activity and exercise, and it
also helps organs function as they
should.
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11. Main Endocrine Glands
Gonads:
They are the main sources of sex hormones.
Most people don’t think about it, but both men
and women have gonads. In boys, the male
gonads, or testicles, are located inside the
scrotum. They secrete hormones called
androgens, the most important of which is
testosterone.
The female gonads, the ovaries, are located
within the pelvis. They make eggs and secrete
the female hormones estrogen and
progesterone. Estrogen participates in the onset
of puberty.
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12. Functions of the Endocrine System
• Regulation of Metabolism: Thyroid hormones and
insulin are just two examples of endocrine hormones
that play a critical role in regulating the body's energy
metabolism
• Development and Growth: The growth hormones,
testosterone and estrogen, are essential for proper
development and growth during childhood and
adolescence
• Stress Regulation: The adrenal glands produce
hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline that help the
body deal with stress and emergency situations.
• Reproduction: Sex hormones, such as testosterone
and estrogen, are crucial for reproductive function, as
well as regulating menstrual cycles and fertility.
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Points to emphasize and
pay attention to
• Deregulation of the endocrine system
• Hormonal Mechanism of Action
• Hormonal Regulation
• Negative Feedback
• Positive feedback

14. Diseases caused by deregulation of the
endocrine system
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Diabetes Mellitus: a metabolic disorder
characterized by elevated blood glucose
levels due to the body's inability to properly
produce or use insulin.
Thyroid Disorders: cause a wide range of
symptoms ranging from fatigue and weight
gain to nervousness and loss of sleep.
unwanted weight.
Cushing's syndrome: characterized by
elevated levels of cortisol in the body, either
due to excessive production by the adrenal
gland or prolonged use of glucocorticoids.
Infertility: Hormonal imbalances can affect
reproductive function in both men and
women.

15. Conclusion
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In conclusion, the endocrine system, with its
glands and hormones, represents an intricate
but essential network that regulates a wide
range of physiological functions in the human
body. From controlling metabolism and growth
to stress response and reproduction, these
endocrine glands and their chemical messengers
play critical roles in our health and well-being.

16. Endocrine system
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17. "The Lord God took the
man and put him in the
Garden of Eden to work it
and take care of it."
Genesis 2:15