This document provides an overview of the histology of the uterus. It describes the three layers of the uterus - the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium. For each layer, it details the cell types and tissues present. It then explains the changes that occur in the endometrium across the different phases of the menstrual cycle, including the proliferative, secretory, premenstrual, and menstrual phases. Finally, it briefly discusses ectopic pregnancy as a histopathology of the uterus.

1. ANATOMY
PRESENTATIO
N
HISTOLOGY OF
UTERUS

2. PRESENTED BY :
 HASSAN MEHDI SHAYAAN PARVEZ
 WALEED ABDULLAH NAYYARA MUSHTAQ
 DANIYAL SABIR AQSA FAROOQ
 JUNAID SAEED NABIRA LATIF
 IDREES KARWAN FARAH FAROOQ

3. OUTLINES
INTRODUCTION
HISTOLOGY
HISTOPATHOLOGY

4. INTRODUCTION
Part of female reproductive system .
It consists of two main parts: Body
Cervix
It has three layers :
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

5. HISTOLOGY

6. PERIMETRIUM:
Outer most layer of uterus
It is either serosa or adventitia.
1. Most of the part is serosa.
2. Serosa consist of single layer of simple
squamous epithelium underlined by loose
connective tissue .
3. Lower anterior part is covered by
adventitia (loose CT).
It remains unchanged throughout the
menstrual cycle .

7. MYOMETRIUM :
It is middle of the uterus .
It consists of three layers of smooth muscles :
1. Thin outer longitudinal layer .
2. Middle layer of circularly disposed muscle
fibres called STRATUM VASCULARE.
3. Inner longitudinal layer .
During pregnancy this layer undergoes
hypertrophy under the effect of progesterone .

8. ENDOMETRIUM :
 It consists of two layers :
1. Epithelium (Simple columnar)
2. Lamina propria.
EPITHELIUM :-
It consists of two types of cells :
a) Ciliated cells with kinocilia (20%)
b) Secretory cells (Non-ciliated )which
produce secretions ; glycogen and
glycoproteins.
.

9. LAMINA PROPRIA :
1. It is also called Endometrial stroma.
2. It is highly cellular .
3. It lodges uterine glands .
In secretory phase of menstrual cycle it is
divided into two zones :-
1. Stratum functionalis
2. Stratum basalis(It consists of distal
part of uterine glands and proximal
part of spiral arteries )

10. MENSTRUAL CYCLE :-
Beginning with puberty and ending at
menopause , the endometrium of the
body of uterus passes through cyclic
structural modifications which constitute
the menstrual cycle .
The duration of a menstrual cycle is
variable but averages 28 days .

11. PHASES:
Proliferative phase .
Secretory phase .
Premenstrual phase.
Menstrual phase .

12. CHANGES IN MENSTRUAL
CYCLE

13. PROLIFERATIVE PHASE :
 Regenerative phase .
In this phase, epithelial cells of the basal
part of glands in stratum basale
proliferates and forms the uterine glands
Uterine glands still appear narrow and
straight .
Stratum basale also contains basal
arteries and proximal portion of spiral
arteries.

14. Spiral arteries gradually lengthen but do
not extend into the superficial 1/3 of the
endometrium .
Endometrium attains a thickness of 3mm.

15. SECRETORY PHASE :
Also called as Luteal phase.
Endometrial glands elongates and
become dilated and tortuous .
Glands give corkscrew shaped
appearance and secretions can be seen
in their lumen.
Spiral arteries become highly coiled and
grow nearly to the surface of the
endometrium .

16. Stratum functionale is now characterized
by the presence of vascular lacunae .
Endometrium attains thickness of 6mm.

17. PREMENSTRUAL PHASE :
It is also called Ischemic phase .
In this phase ,hormones level declines
and cause dramatic changes in the blood
supply of st. functionale .
Uterine glands ceased to secrete and the
endometrium decreases in height.
Spiral arteries become completely
constricted leading to necrosis of st.
functionale .

18. MENSTRUAL PHASE :
In this phase, spiral arteries dilates once
again and distal portion ruptures due to
prolonged ischemia .
Rapidly escaping blood causes sloughing
of patches of necrotic st. functionale .
Stratum functionale(patches) sloughed
from the uterine wall for many days .

19. HISTOPATHOLOGY :
ECTOPIC PREGNANCY :
a) Fertilized ovum implants other than
uterus for example in ovary , uterine
tube or abdomen .
b) Management :-
1. Methotrexate .
2. Surgery .