This paper presents the details on the
experimental investigation carried out to get the desired fresh
properties of the SCC. Tests were performed on various mixtures
to obtain the required SCC. In the present research work we
have replaced 15% of cement with class F fly ash. By varying the
quantity of water and sand the mortar mix was prepared. Later
varying percentage of coarse aggregate was added to the mortar
to obtain the desired SCC.
This report examines different things in admixtures (super plasticizers) such as solid content, rheological properties and chloride content. Different test were conducted to determine the above properties.
This ppt is about the cold mix asphalt. Some of its advantages and disadvantages over hot mix asphalt. Also some discussion about the test conducted on the cold mix asphalt and the result of it. And also discuss about the conclusion of above.
Compressive strength tests were carried out on five cement paste cubes with cement replaced by
rice husk ash (RHA) at four levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%). After the curing age of 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. The
compressive strengths of the cubes were increased with age of curing and replacement of RHA. The chemical
analysis of the rice husk ash revealed high amount of silica oxide (96.72%), calcium oxide (1.33%), potassium
dioxide (1.92%), and other (0.03). High amount of silica which is responsible for the strength. This result
indicated that RHA can be used as cement substitute at 10%, 20% of replacement cause of setting time stop
decrease after 10%wt.
This report examines different things in admixtures (super plasticizers) such as solid content, rheological properties and chloride content. Different test were conducted to determine the above properties.
This ppt is about the cold mix asphalt. Some of its advantages and disadvantages over hot mix asphalt. Also some discussion about the test conducted on the cold mix asphalt and the result of it. And also discuss about the conclusion of above.
Compressive strength tests were carried out on five cement paste cubes with cement replaced by
rice husk ash (RHA) at four levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%). After the curing age of 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. The
compressive strengths of the cubes were increased with age of curing and replacement of RHA. The chemical
analysis of the rice husk ash revealed high amount of silica oxide (96.72%), calcium oxide (1.33%), potassium
dioxide (1.92%), and other (0.03). High amount of silica which is responsible for the strength. This result
indicated that RHA can be used as cement substitute at 10%, 20% of replacement cause of setting time stop
decrease after 10%wt.
Experimental Investigation of Erosive Wear on the High Chrome Cast Iron Impel...Sunil Kumar
Erosive wear occurs on the impeller and volute casing of the slurry disposal pump due to the impact of the ash particles on the impeller with a high velocity. Due to erosive wear, pump life become very short. The service life of centrifugal pump, handling slurry can be increased by reducing the erosive wear.
In the present work, the experimental investigation of erosive wear has been carried out on the high speed slurry erosion tester to understand the effects of the ash concentration in slurry, rotational speed of the pump impeller and ash particle size on erosive wear. The erosive wear behavior of high chrome cast iron was investigated by Response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis and the modeled values for the response were obtained with the help of modeled equation. The result shows that the ash concentration in slurry and kinetic energy of the moving particles highly contributes to erosive wear of pump impeller as compared to the ash particle size.
Presentation by Sallie Houston on slurry seal mix design for the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference & Equipment Expo, April 20-21, 2016, in Ontario, CA.
Summer training project on drilling fluid at ongc pptKeshar Saini
This project “Study of drill cutting and Formulation of drilling fluid.” was performed in R&D LAB, Institute of drilling technology, ONGC, dehradun. Study of drill cutting is done in terms of CST(capillary suction time), MBC(Methylene Blue Capacity) and XRD(X-ray diffraction).
• Later than several drilling fluid with different formulation are prepared and several tests (like Rheology Test, Lubricity Test, API Filter press, Linear swell Test and pH test) are performed on drilling fluid to check the suitability of it on drill cutting. Thus the suitable formulation of drilling fluid is found.
The penetration test is used as a measure of consistency. Higher values of penetration indicate softer consistency.
The test is widely used all over the world for classifying bituminous materials into different grades.
Selection Of Column For Gas Chromatography Zohaib HUSSAIN
Selection of the proper column for the particular separation is an important step in GC. The two
types of columns used in GC are packed columns and capillary columns. Packed columns
discover first but now a days capillary column are used. Packed columns are use when we do not
require high resolution or when increased capacity is needed. Capillary column provides high
resolution and increased capacity. Column along with efficient detection system provides great
sensitivity to GC
Мы организовываем 5 недель активностей, которые взорвут вашу группу! Что сделать, чтобы полюбиться участникам? Как создать элиту группы? Как заполучить доверие и лояльность? Об этом в нашей презентации!
Experimental Investigation of Erosive Wear on the High Chrome Cast Iron Impel...Sunil Kumar
Erosive wear occurs on the impeller and volute casing of the slurry disposal pump due to the impact of the ash particles on the impeller with a high velocity. Due to erosive wear, pump life become very short. The service life of centrifugal pump, handling slurry can be increased by reducing the erosive wear.
In the present work, the experimental investigation of erosive wear has been carried out on the high speed slurry erosion tester to understand the effects of the ash concentration in slurry, rotational speed of the pump impeller and ash particle size on erosive wear. The erosive wear behavior of high chrome cast iron was investigated by Response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis and the modeled values for the response were obtained with the help of modeled equation. The result shows that the ash concentration in slurry and kinetic energy of the moving particles highly contributes to erosive wear of pump impeller as compared to the ash particle size.
Presentation by Sallie Houston on slurry seal mix design for the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference & Equipment Expo, April 20-21, 2016, in Ontario, CA.
Summer training project on drilling fluid at ongc pptKeshar Saini
This project “Study of drill cutting and Formulation of drilling fluid.” was performed in R&D LAB, Institute of drilling technology, ONGC, dehradun. Study of drill cutting is done in terms of CST(capillary suction time), MBC(Methylene Blue Capacity) and XRD(X-ray diffraction).
• Later than several drilling fluid with different formulation are prepared and several tests (like Rheology Test, Lubricity Test, API Filter press, Linear swell Test and pH test) are performed on drilling fluid to check the suitability of it on drill cutting. Thus the suitable formulation of drilling fluid is found.
The penetration test is used as a measure of consistency. Higher values of penetration indicate softer consistency.
The test is widely used all over the world for classifying bituminous materials into different grades.
Selection Of Column For Gas Chromatography Zohaib HUSSAIN
Selection of the proper column for the particular separation is an important step in GC. The two
types of columns used in GC are packed columns and capillary columns. Packed columns
discover first but now a days capillary column are used. Packed columns are use when we do not
require high resolution or when increased capacity is needed. Capillary column provides high
resolution and increased capacity. Column along with efficient detection system provides great
sensitivity to GC
Мы организовываем 5 недель активностей, которые взорвут вашу группу! Что сделать, чтобы полюбиться участникам? Как создать элиту группы? Как заполучить доверие и лояльность? Об этом в нашей презентации!
The present study was attempted to examine the role of
paternal and maternal parenting styles as predictor of students’
academic achievement. Parental Authority Questionnaire (Buri,
1991) further translated in Urdu by (Babree, 1997) was used to
collect the information from participants. Student’s result of
previous final Exam was taken as Academic Achievement.
Sample of the present study was consist on the F.A/F.Sc students
(N= 350) of final year. Simple linear regression analysis was
applied to test the hypothesis. The result of the study showed that
maternal and paternal authoritative style was a positive predictor
of academic achievement of adolescent. While maternal and
paternal authoritarian styles of parents was found to be a
negative predictor of academic achievement. The results for
permissive parenting style of both mother and father were nonsignificant.
The present study provided an insight to the roles of
parenting to academic achievement
The protection of multimedia data is becoming very
important. The protection of this multimedia data can be done
with encryption or data hiding algorithms. To decrease
transmissions time the data transmission necessary.
Recently, more and more attention is paid to reversible data
hiding (RDH) in encrypted image. It maintains original area
could be perfectly restored after extraction of the hidden
message. In previous method embed data by reversibly vacating
area from the encrypted images, which may be subject to some
errors on data extraction and/or image restoration. A novel
method by reserving area before encryption with a traditional
RDH algorithm, and thus it is easy for the data hider to
reversibly embed data in the encrypted image. The proposed
method can achieve real reversibility, that is data extraction and
image recovery are free of any error. The hidden data can be
retrieved as and when required. The methods that are used in
reversible data hiding techniques like Lossless embedding and
encryption.
This deals with the image steganography as well as with the
different security issues, general overview of cryptography
approaches and about the different steganography
algorithms like Least Significant Bit (LSB) algorithm ,
JSteg, F5 algorithms. It also compares those algorithms in
means of speed, accuracy and security.
M-Commerce is the latest initiative by the mobile
internet technology. The movement of new technology has
become a trend in the market. The brand leaders in the market
always try several initiatives to capture the market as well as new
customers and m-commerce is the new way to the industry to link
with their customers easily. The need of mobile commerce to
businessman is very vital. The role of new technology was moving
very prompt in the market. The role of technology helps the
industry to promote their products for each mobile internet user
customer with the help of mobile applications and software. MCommerce
has an option to the mobile internet users to purchase
or order their products anytime with the help of mobile web. This
paper explores the role of mobile commerce in the new era of
technology. The role of mobile technology has already changed
the nature of customer vastly and e-commerce also provides the
root to m-commerce in its success.
— The automation of fault detection in material
science is getting popular because of less cost and time. Steel
plates fault detection is an important material science problem.
Data mining techniques deal with data analysis of large data.
Decision trees are very popular classifiers because of their simple
structures and accuracy. A classifier ensemble is a set of
classifiers whose individual decisions are combined in to classify
new examples. Classifiers ensembles generally perform better
than single classifier. In this paper, we show the application of
decision tree ensembles for steel plates faults prediction. The
results suggest that Random Subspace and AdaBoost.M1 are the
best ensemble methods for steel plates faults prediction with
prediction accuracy more than 80%. We also demonstrate that if
insignificant features are removed from the datasets, the
performance of the decision tree ensembles improve for steel
plates faults prediction. The results suggest the future
development of steel plate faults analysis tools by using decision
tree ensembles.
Attitudes toward suicide may influence the
treatment content and outcomes. Hence, this study aimed to
investigate how public attitudes toward suicide were influenced
by (1) their degree of idealism; and (2) their degree of
relativism. A questionnaire survey with Suicide Perception
Scale and Ethic Position Questionnaire was carried out on 50
male and 50 female participants (aged 21 and above) from
Klang Valley, Malaysia to obtain answer. The findings
supported both hypotheses, indicated that (1) higher idealism is
associated with lower level of acceptance toward suicide; and
(2) higher relativism is associated with higher level of
acceptance toward suicide. In sum, variations in public’s
attitude toward suicide were related to individual differences in
personal ethical ideologies and moral philosophies.
This paper describes the architecture of second
generation current conveyor (CCCII)and designing an
amplifier using second generation current conveyor. The
designed amplifier through CCCII+ can be used in various
analog computation circuits and is superior in
performance than the classical opamp. It provides better
gain with higher accuracy. The presented approach over
here is to design current amplifiers and voltage amplifiers
using current controlled current conveyor (CCCII). The
second generation CCCII has the advantage of electronic
adjustability over the CCII i.e. in CCCII, the X-terminal
intrinsic resistance can be adjusted througha bias current
is possible. The CCCII has been designed to work both as
current amplifier and voltage amplifier. Various
simulations have been carried out to obtain the desired
results.
We present a case of murder with a blunt object.
On the body of the deceased were identified specific traces in
the form of suffusions. Four people were suspected for the
murder. During the investigative four pairs of sneakers were
obtained. A full forensic examination was performed which
excluded three of the four pairs of suspected shoes. The forth
pair was a match. This kind of research is extremely important
in forensic practice and theory, as they allow forensic experts
to identify the objects that left specific traces on the body of a
victim or deceased. They are also extremely important during
investigation of criminal offenses, especially when there is more
than one suspect.
Background: Because of its wonderful taste, as well as
numerous nutritional and medicinal qualities valued especially
in the 20th century apple fruit is preferred worldwide.
Objective: The current work presents the antioxidant
specifications of several varieties of apples distributed in
Republic of Bulgaria and also methodology/equipment and
method for the preparation of the apples for the experiment/
used to determine the antioxidant characteristics.
Methods: We use the following methods:
spectrophotometric method; systematic approach and a critical
analysis of the accessible Research Periodicals
Results: We obtain nectar from apples by their
immediate squeezing prior the experiment using a juicer. (1)
Mix the three tubes with electromagnetic stirrer VORTEX 2
GENIE for 10 seconds. (2) Place the tubes in a water bath for
10-15 minutes at 380C. (3) Put the tubes in cold water for 5
seconds to stop the reaction. (4.) Identification of the activity of
the samples with a UV-VIS spectrophotometer; ThermoScientific;
Used length λ = 560 nm.
CONCLUSION:
1. Choose fully ripe fruits to generate the highest
amount of antioxidants.
2. The studied varieties of apples can be arranged
according to their antioxidant activity as follows: Grey smith,
Aidere, Golden Delicious, Jonah Gold, Golden Delicious, Red
Delicious, Chadeo, Mutsu, and Florina
The purpose of paper is to recommend strategies to
increase customer loyalty through complaint management and as
a tool to manage risk. The paper encompasses the theoretical
concepts which emerge from the extensive review of literature on
complaints and risk. It was found that complaints and risk have a
significant relation and through complaint management, risk can
be reduced. The study has proposed COMPSAT Grid (reinforced
with literature review) demonstrating the state of Banks based on
no. of complaints and loyalty of customers. COMPSAT Grid can
become a base to design the strategies to increase customer’s
loyalty. The study is limited to the customer’s perceived risk. The
paper stresses on the importance of complaints in managing the
risk. Through COMPSAT grid the service providers may
modulate existing strategies to increase customer loyalty. The
concepts will establish complaint management as a basis of
marketing strategy modulation. The model is a theoretical
approach which is based on the concepts
Effect of deep chemical mixing columns on properties of surrounding soft clay...AltinKaradagli
This study examines an alkaline material for improving soft clay soil. A series of tests, including unconfined compression strength, pH, undrained shear strength, electrical conductivity, and microstructural analysis, were conducted.
To Study the Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Using Recycled Aggregate ...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper investigates the study of workability and durability characteristics of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) with Viscosity Modifying Admixture (VMA), and containing fly ash. The mix design for SCC was arrived as per the Guidelines of European Federation of National Associations Representing for Concrete (EFNARC). In this investigation, SCC was made by usual ingredients such as cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, mineral admixture fly ash and demolished concrete at various replacement levels (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). To enhance the property of SCC made with the use of demolish concrete and fly ash, glass fiber has been added to the mix. Glass fiber in various % (i.e. 0.15%, 0.20% 0.30%, of Wt. of cement) has been added in the mix which contain demolish concrete and gave highest strength i.e. (10% demolish concrete).
experimental studies on high performance concrete using metakaolinIjripublishers Ijri
In this present experimental investigation an attempt is made to the strength and behavior of the meta kaolin, super
plasticiser and other chemicals on high performance concrete. Cement is replaced by 0%, 20% of Metakaolin by volume
of concrete, thus resulting in the increase in strength. Super-plasticizer is used to increase the workability of concrete,
increase the density and strength. It can permit the reduction in the water cement ratio up to 15%,.Dosage of superplasticizer
is 1.5% by weight of cement.
An Experimental Study on Fresh and Hardened Properties of Self Compacting Con...SJ BASHA
M.tech project
Tittle: An Experimental Study on Fresh and Hardened Properties of Self Compacting Concrete with Marble Powder and Cement Kiln Dust As Mineral Admixture
Authors: Syed Jeelani Basha, K Sailaja
Subject: Advance Concrete Technology, Self compacting concrete , mineral and chemical admixtures.
Scope: Further studies on recycle of marble powder and cement kiln dust
College: Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru, Krishna dist., Andhra Prades, India.
The Study of Water Stability for SBS and Polyacrylate Composite Modified Asph...IJERA Editor
Polyacrylate (Polyacrylate, called PAE) is a kind of thermoplastic polymer latex, which is easy to form a waterproof membrane and has greater adhesion ,always be used in concrete to enhance its ability to resist water corrosion.SBS is an inorganic modifier for modified asphalt mixture will help to improve the high and low temperature stability and other road performance, ect.However,its ability to enhanced asphalt mixture’s resistance for water damage is not obvious. In order to research the two composite modified asphalt mixture’s resistance effects to water damage , the Marshall Stability Test and Fort Kentucky Flooding Scattering Experiments were used on asphalt mixtures, SBS modified asphalt mixture and composite modified asphalt mixture and the effect of different composite modified PAE content were studied. The results showed that: PAE can significantly improve the water stability of asphalt mixture, what’s more, with the increase use of PAE,the mass loss rate of asphalt mixture decreases steadily.
Effect of Alccofine and Fly Ash Addition on the Durability of High Performanc...ijsrd.com
The aim of this Study is to evaluate the performance of concrete (HPC) containing supplementary cementitious materials such as Fly ash & Alccofine. The necessity of high performance concrete is increasing because of demands in the construction industry. Efforts for improving the performance of concrete over the past few years suggest that cement replacement materials along with Mineral & chemical admixtures can improve the strength and durability characteristics of concrete. Alccofine (GGBS) and Fly ash are pozzolanic materials that can be utilized to produce highly durable concrete composites. This study investigates the performance of concrete mixture containing Local Alccofine. in terms of Compressive strength, Sulphate Attack tests, Alkali test and RCPT (Rapid chloride penetration test) at age of 28 and 56 days. In addition find out the optimum dosage of alccofine and fly ash from that get M70 Strength, in final mix proportion perform a given test. Result show that concrete incorporating Alccofine and fly ash had higher compressive strength and alccofine enhanced the durability of concretes and reduced the chloride diffusion. An exponential relationship between chloride permeability and compressive strength of concrete is exhibited.
Recent joint surgery studies reveal increased
revisions and resurfacing of the metal on metal hip joints. Metal
on metal hip implants were developed more than thirty years ago
and their application has been refined because of availability of
advanced manufacturing techniques and partly by advancements
in material science and engineering. Development of composite
materials may provide greater durability to metal-on-metal hip
implants .This review article is a study of the latest literature of
metal-on-metal hip implants and its various modeling techniques.
Numbers of methods are used for convergence and numerical
solution to investigate the performance of metal-on-metal hip
implant for accurate stable solution. This paper presents analysis
done by various researchers on metal-on-metal hip implants for
wear, lubrication, fatigue, bio-tribo-corrosion, design, toxicity
and resurfacing. After in vivo and in vitro studies, it is found that
all these methods have limitations. There is a need of more
insight for lubrication analysis, geometry of bearings, materials
and input parameters. The information provided in this work is
intended as an aid in the assessment of metal-on-metal hip joints.
Background Hospital contributes significantly tangible and intangible resources on a concurred plan by the scheduling of surgery on the OT list. Postponement decreases efficiency by declining throughput leads to wastage of resources hence burden to the nation. Patients and their family face economic and emotional implication due to the postponement. Postponement rate being a quality indicator controls check mechanism could be developed from the results. Postponement of elective scheduled operations results in inefficient use of the operating room (OR) time on the day of surgery. Inconvenience to patients and families are also caused by postponements. Moreover, the day of surgery (DOS) postponement creates logistic and financial burden associated with extended hospital stay and repetitions of pre-operative preparations to an extent of repetition of investigations in some cases causing escalated costs, wastage of time and reduced income. Methodology A cross-sectional study was done in the operation theaters of a tertiary care hospital in which total ten operation theaters of General Surgery Data of scheduled, performed and postponed surgeries was collected from all the operation theater with effect from March 1st to September 30th, 2018. A questionnaire was developed to find out the reasons for the postponement for all hospital’s stakeholders (surgeons, Anesthetist, Nursing Officer) and they were further evaluated time series analysis of scheduling of Operation Theater for moving average technique. Results Total 958 surgeries were scheduled and 772 surgeries performed were and 186 surgeries were postponed with a postponement rate of 19.42% in the cardiac surgery department during the study period. Month-wise postponement Rate exponential smoothing of time series data shows the dynamic of operating suits. To test throughput Postponement rate was plotted the postponed surgeries and on regression analysis is in a perfect linear relationship.
Introduction: Postponement of elective scheduled operations results in inefficient use of operating room (OR) time on the day of surgery. Inconvenience to patients and families also caused by postponements. Moreover, day of surgery (DOS) postponement creates logistic and financial burden associated with extended hospital stay and repetitions of pre-operative preparations to an extend of repetition of investigations in some cases causing escalated costs, wastage of time and reduced income. Methodology: A cross sectional study was done in the operation theaters of a tertiary care hospital in which total ten operation theaters of General Surgery Data of scheduled, performed and postponed surgeries was collected from all the operation theater with effect from march 1st to September 30th 2018. A questionnaire was developed to find out the reasons for the postponement for all hospital’s stakeholders (Surgeons, Anesthetist, Nursing officer) and they were further evaluated Time series analysis of scheduling of Operation Theater for Moving average Technique. Results: total 2,466 surgeries were scheduled and 1,980 surgeries were performed and 486 surgeries were postponed in the general surgery department during the study period. Month wise postponement forecast was in accordance with the performed surgeries and on regression analysis postponed surgeries were in perfect linear relationship with the postponement Rate.
In the present paper the experimental study of
Nanotechnology involves high cost for Lab set-up and the
experimentation processes were also slow. Attempt has also
been made to discuss the contributions towards the societal
change in the present convergence of Nano-systems and
information technologies. one cannot rely on experimental
nanotechnology alone. As such, the Computer- simulations and
modeling are one of the foundations of computational
nanotechnology. The computer modeling and simulations
were also referred as computational experimentations. The
accuracy of such Computational nano-technology based
experiment generally depends on the accuracy of the following
things: Intermolecular interaction, Numerical models and
Simulation schemes used. The essence of nanotechnology is
therefore size and control because of the diversity of
applications the plural term nanotechnology is preferred by
some nevertheless they all share the common feature of control
at the nanometer scale the latter focusing on the observation
and study of phenomena at the nanometer scale. In this paper,
a brief study of Computer-Simulation techniques as well as
some Experimental result
Solar cell absorber Kesterite- type Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films have been prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD). UV–vis absorption spectra measurement indicated that the band gap of as-synthesized CZTS was about1.68 eV, which was near the optimum value for photovoltaic solar conversion in a single-band-gap device. The polycrystalline CZTS thin films with kieserite crystal structure have been obtained by XRD. The average of crystalline size of CZTS is 27 nm
Multilevel inverters play a crucial part in the
areas of high and medium voltage applications. Among the three
main multilevel inverters used, the capacitor clamped multilevel
inverter(CCMLI) has advantage with respect to voltage
redundancies. This work proposes a switching pattern to improve
the performance of chosen H-bridge type CCMLI over
conventional CCMLI. The PWM technique used in this work is
Phase Opposition Disposition PWM(PODPWM). The
performance of proposed H-bridge type CCMLI is verified
through MATLAB-Simulink based simulation. It has been
observed that the THD is low in chosen CCMLI compared to
conventional CCMLI.
- In this paper, we introduce a practical mechanism of
compressing a binary phase code modulation (BPCM) signal
according to Barker code with 13 chips in presence of additive
white Gaussian noise (AWGN) by using a digital matched filter
(DMF) corresponding to time domain convolution algorithm of
input and reference signals using Cyclone II EP2C70F896C6
FPGA from ALTERA placed on education and development
board DE2-70 with the following parameters: frequency of
BPCM signal fIF=2 MHz, sampling frequency
f MHz SAM 50
,pulse period
T 200s
, pulse width
S 13sc
, chip width
CH 1sc
, compressing factor
KCOM 13
, SNRinp=1/1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5 and processing
gain factor SNRout/SNRinp=11.14 dB.
The results of filter operation are evaluated using a digital
oscilloscope GDS-1052U to display the input and output signals
for different SNRinp.
Flooding is one of the most devastating natural
disasters in Nigeria. The impact of flooding on human activities
cannot be overemphasized. It can threaten human lives, their
property, environment and the economy. Different techniques
exist to manage and analyze the impact of flooding. Some of these
techniques have not been effective in management of flood
disaster. Remote sensing technique presents itself as an effective
and efficient means of managing flood disaster. In this study,
SPOT-10 image was used to perform land cover/ land use
classification of the study area. Advanced Space borne Thermal
Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) image of 2010 was
used to generate the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The image
focal statistics were generated using the Spatial Analyst/
Neighborhood/Focal Statistics Tool in ArcMap. The contour map
was produced using the Spatial Analyst/ Surface/ Contour Tools.
The DEM generated from the focal statistics was reclassified into
different risk levels based on variation of elevation values. The
depression in the DEM was filled and used to create the flow
direction map. The flow accumulation map was produced using
the flow direction data as input image. The stream network and
watershed were equally generated and the stream vectorized. The
reclassified DEM, stream network and vectorized land cover
classes were integrated and used to analyze the impact of flood on
the classes. The result shows that 27.86% of the area studied will
be affected at very high risk flood level, 35.63% at high risk,
17.90% at moderate risk, 10.72% at low risk, and 7.89% at no
risk flood level. Built up area class will be mostly affected at very
high risk flood level while farmland will be affected at high risk
flood level. Oshoro, Imhekpeme, and Weppa communities will be
affected at very high risk flood inundation while Ivighe, Uneme,
Igoide and Iviari communities will be at risk at high risk flood
inundation level. It is recommended among others that buildings
that fall within the “Very High Risk” area should be identified
and occupants possibly relocated to other areas such as the “No
Risk” area.
Without water, humans cannot live. Since time began,
we have lived by the water and vast tracts of waterless land have
been abandoned as it is too difficult to inhabit. At any given
moment, the earth’s atmosphere contains 4,000 cubic miles of
water, which is just 0.000012% of the 344 million cubic miles of
water on earth. Nature maintains this ratio via evaporation and
condensation, irrespective of the activities of man.
There is a certain need for an alternative to solve the water
scarcity. Obtaining water from the atmosphere is nothing new -
since the beginning of time, nature’s continuous hydrologic cycle
of evaporation and condensation in the form of rain or snow has
been the sole source and means of regenerating wholesome water
for all forms of life on earth.
An effective method to generate water is by the separation of
moisture present in air by condensation. In this study, the water
present in air is condensed on the surface of a container and then
collected in an external jacket provided on the container.
Insulations are provided to optimize the inner temperature of the
container.
The method is although uncommon but has certain advantages
which make it a success. The process is economical and does not
require a lot of utilities. It also helps in further reducing the
carbon footprint.
In every moment of functioning the Li-Ion
battery must provide the power required by the user, to have a
long operating life and to and to provide high reliability in
operation. The methods for analysis and testing batteries are
ensuring that all these conditions imposed to the batteries are
met by being tested depending on their intended use.
The success rate of real estate project is
decreasing as there is large scale of project and participation of
entities. It is necessary to study the risk factors involved in the
project. This paper focused on types of risks involved in the
project, risk factors, risk management tools & techniques.
Identification of risk of the project in terms of the total cost of the
project has been divided under Technical, Financial, Sociopolitical
and Statutory cost centers. Large real estate projects
have to tackle the following issues: land acquisition, skilledlabour
shortage, non-availability of skilled project managers, and
mechanization of the construction process to cater to the growing
demands. Non- availability of supporting infrastructure, political
issues like instability of the government leading to regulatory
issues, social issues, marketing forms an important part in these
projects as this is a onetime investment and the purchase cycle is
long , long development period makes the same project be at
different points in the real estate value cycle.
- In the present scenario carbon emission and sand
mining are major concern due to its hazardous effect to
environment and making serious imbalance to the ecosystem.
Various studies have been conducted to reduce severe effect on
environment, using byproducts like copper slag as partial
replacement of fine aggregate. Different researchers have also
revealed numerous uses of copper slag as a replacing agent in
determining the strength of concrete. A comprehensive review of
studies has been presented in this paper for scope of replacement
of fine aggregate from copper slag in concrete
- Security is a concept similar to being cautious
or alert against any danger. Network security is the condition of
being protected against any danger or loss. Thus safety plays a
important role in bank transactions where disclosure of any data
results in big loss. We can define networking as the combination
of two or more computers for the purpose of resource sharing.
Resources here include files, database, emails etc. It is the
protection of these resources from unauthorized users that
brought the development of network security. It is a measure
incorporated to protect data during their transmission and also
to ensure the transmitted is protected and authentic.
Security of online bank transactions here has been
improved by increasing the number of bits while establishing the
SSL connection as well as in RSA asymmetric key encryption
along with SHA1 used for digital signature to authenticate the
user
Background: Septoplasty is a common surgical
procedure performed by otolaryngologists for the correction of
deviated nasal septum. This surgery may be associated with
numerous complications. To minimize these complications,
otolaryngologists frequently pack both nasal cavities with
different types of nasal packing. Despite all its advantages,
nasal packing is also associated with some disadvantages. To
avoid these issues, many surgeons use suturing techniques to
obviate the need for packing after surgery.
Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of trans-septal
suture technique in preventing complications and decreasing
morbidity after septoplasty in comparison with nasal packing.
Patients and methods: Prospective comparative study. This
study was conducted in the department of Otolaryngology -
Head and Neck Surgery, Rizgary Teaching Hospital - Erbil,
from the 6th of May 2014 to the 30th of November 2014.
A total of 60 patients aged 18-45 years, undergoing septoplasty,
were included in the study. Before surgery, patients were
randomly divided into two equal groups. Group (A) with transseptal
suture technique was compared with group (B) in which
nasal packing with Merocel was done. Postoperative morbidity
in terms of pain, bleeding, postnasal drip, sleep disturbance,
dysphagia, headache and epiphora along with postoperative
complications including septal hematoma, septal perforation,
crustation and synechiae formation were assessed over a follow
up period of four weeks.
Results: Out of 60 patients, 37 patients were males (61.7%)
and 23 patients were females (38.3%). Patients with nasal
packing had significantly more postoperative pain (P<0.05)><0.05). There was no significant difference between
the two groups with respect to nasal bleeding, septal
hematoma, septal perforation, crustation and synechiae
formation.
Conclusion: Septoplasty can be safely performed using transseptal
suturing technique without nasal packing.
The basic reason behind the need to
monitor water quality is to verify whether the examined
water quality is suitable for intended usage or not. This
study is conducted on Al -Shamiya al- sharqi drain in
Diwaniya city in Iraq to make valid assessment for the
level of parameters measured and to realize their effects
on irrigation. In order to assess the drainage water
quality for irrigation purposes with a high accuracy, the
Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) will be examined
and upgraded (integrated with GIS) to make a
classification for drainage water. For this purpose, ten
samples of drainage water were taken from different ten
location of the stuay area. The collected samples were
analyzed chemically for different elements which affect
water quality for irrigation.These elements are :
Calcium(Ca+2), Sodium(Na+
), Magnesium(Mg+2),
Chloride( ), Potassium(K+
), Bicarbonate(HCO3),
Nitrate(NO3), Sulfate( , Phosphate( , Electrical
Conductivity(EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total
Suspended Solids (TSS) and pH-values (PH). Sodium
Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Sodium Content (Na%)
have been also calculated. Results suggest that, the use of
GIS and Water Quality Index (WQI) methods could
provide an extremely interesting as well as efficient tool
to water resource management. The results analysis of
(IWQI) maps confirms that: 52% of the drainage water
in study area falls within the "Low restriction" (LR) and
47%of study area has water with (Moderate
restriction)(MR),While 1% of drainage water in the
study area classified as (Sever restriction) (SR). So, the
drainage water should be used with the soil having high
permeability with some constraints imposed on types of
plant for specified tolerance of salts
The cable-hoisting method and rail cable-lifting
method are widely used in the construction of suspension bridge.
This paper takes a suspension bridge in Hunan as an example,
and expounds the two construction methods, and analyzes their
respective merits and disadvantages.
Baylis-Hillman reaction has been achieved on
different organic motifs but with completion times of three to
six days. Micellar medium of CTAB in water along with the
organic base DABCO has been used to effect the BaylisHillman
reaction on a steroidal nucleus of Withaferin-A for the
first time with different aromatic aldehydes within a day to
synthesize a library of BH adducts (W1a –W14a) and (W1bW14b)
as a mixture of two isomers and W15 as a single
compound. The isomers were separated on column and the
major components were chosen for bio-evaluation. Cytotoxic
activity of the synthesized compounds was screened against a
panel of four cancer cell lines Lung A-549, Breast MCF-7,
Colon HCT-116 and Leukemia THP-1 along with 5-florouracil
and Mitomycin-C as references. All the compounds exhibited
promising activity against screened cell lines and were found to
possess enhaunced activity than parent compound. BH adducts
with aromatic systems having methoxy and nitro groups were
found to be more active.
The batteries used in electric and hybrid vehicles
consists of several cells with voltages between 3.6V battery and
4.2 V in series or parallel combinations of configurations for
obtaining the necessary available voltages in the operation of a
hybrid electric vehicle. How malfunction of a single cell affects
the behavior of the entire battery pack, BMS main function is to
protect individual cells against over-discharge, overload or
overheating. This is done by correct balancing of the cells. In
addition BMS estimates the battery charge status
This project aims at using (PD-MCPWM) Phase
disposition multi carrier pulse width modulation technique to
reduce leakage current in a transformerless cascaded multilevel
inverter for PV systems. Advantages of transformerless PV
inverter topology is as follows, simple structure, low weight and
provides higher efficiency , but however this topology provides a
path for the leakage current to flow through the parasitic
capacitance formed between the PV module and the ground.
Modulation technique reduces leakage current with an added
advantage without adding any extra components.
Many people in Africa depend on water from
rivers and borehole, but purity of the drinking water from these
sources remains questionable. Mudzira River being the longest
River in a village called Vimtim located in Mubi North Local
government area in Adamawa State was studied in the months of
September to December, 2012 to ascertain the suitability of the
water for human consumption and other related uses. Five study
point: inlet (A, B), middle (C) and out let (D, E) were adopted for
monitoring the physico-chemical parameters using standard
procedures. The mean total temperature values were A (25.000C),
B (24.500C), C (25.500C), D (24.000C) and E (24.000C. Average P
H
values were A (8.00), B (7.87), C (8.20) D (8.37) and E (8.13). The
average conductivity values were A (73.90
1 cms
), B
(73.11
1 cms
), D (74.00
1 cms
) and E (73. 80
1 cms
). The
average total dissolves solid value of each sample were A (17.10),
B (17.10), C (20.00) D (21.64) and E (21.60.). The average
turbidity value of sample were A (47.00), B (47.00), C (50.00) D
(53.00) and E (50.00). Average total hardness value are A
(20.00mg/l), B (20.00mg/L) C (24.00mg/L), D (20.00mg/L) and E
(20.00mg/L). The average chloride content were A (12mg/L), B
(16mg/L), C (12 mg/L) D (16mg/L) and E (16mg/L). The average
calcium content were A (0.3mg/L) B (0.4mg/L), C (0.3mg/L), D
(0.3mg/L) and E (0.2mg/L). The average content of magnesium
were A (12mg/L), B (16mg/L), C (16Mg/L), D (12mg/L), E
(12mg/L). The lead content of River Mudzira water was
negligible. The mean coliform count were A (4), B (3), C (6), D
(7), and E (4).The values of the parameters studied were within
the WHO/NAFDAC recommended standards, excepts for total
coliform levels. In conclusion Vimtim residents consuming
untreated water from River Mudzira are potentially exposed to
possible acute, sub chronic or even chronic water borne diseases
like typhoid fever, dysentery, diarrhea etc.
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A STUDY ON THE FRESH PROPERTIES OF SCC WITH FLY ASH
1. International Journal of Technical Research and Applications e-ISSN: 2320-8163,
www.ijtra.com Volume 3, Issue 4 (July-August 2015), PP. 13-15
13 | P a g e
A STUDY ON THE FRESH PROPERTIES OF SCC
WITH FLY ASH
Itika Uniyal1, Payal2
Asst. Professor, Civil Engg. Department, IFTM University, Moradabad.
M.Tech (Structural Engineering), Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun
itika.uniyal@gmail.com, payal.painuly04@gmail.com
Abstract- This paper presents the details on the
experimental investigation carried out to get the desired fresh
properties of the SCC. Tests were performed on various mixtures
to obtain the required SCC. In the present research work we
have replaced 15% of cement with class F fly ash. By varying the
quantity of water and sand the mortar mix was prepared. Later
varying percentage of coarse aggregate was added to the mortar
to obtain the desired SCC.
Index Terms- SCC, paste, fly ash, chemical admixture, fresh
properties.
I. INTRODUCTION
Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is characterized as a
high performance concrete which has the properties of passing
ability, filling ability and resistance to segregation. The use of
SCC aids at providing a better and reliable structure with
improved durability and high strength. Its honey like flowing
property helps in completely filling the formwork without the
need of any mechanical vibrations.
SCC constitute of paste and coarse aggregate. Paste
consists of cement, fly ash, water and chemical admixture.
Various tests were performed on the paste and after we
obtained the satisfactorily results then coarse aggregate is
added to the paste to obtain SCC. As mentioned above in this
research work 15% of cement was replaced with class F fly
ash. So here the amount of cement and fly ash is fixed thereby
we added varying amount of sand and water and the mix that
satisfied all the tests was taken as the final mix. Later coarse
aggregate was added as per European guidelines to the paste
to obtain SCC.
II. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
A. Material
In the present investigation, ordinary Portland cement of
grade 43 conforming to the requirements of IS: 8112- 1989
was used and the chemical properties of cement and fly ash
used in the SCC mixture are given in the table I. The fly ash
used was obtained from Century Pulp and paper mill, Lalkuan
(Uttarakhand). This fly ash falls in the category of class F fly
ash. The fly ash had a relatively low specific gravity and
fineness modulus of 1.975 and 1.195 respectively.
Locally available Gola river sand (Haldwani,
Uttarakhand) passing through 4.75 mm IS sieve. Its specific
gravity is 2.60 and fineness modulus is 2.42. The loose and
compacted bulk density values of sand are 1670 and 1688
kg/m3 respectively. In the present work locally available
coarse aggregate having the maximum size of 12.5 mm was
used. The aggregates were washed to remove dust and dirt and
were dried to surface dry condition. The aggregates were
tested as per IS: 383-1970. The fineness modulus came out to
be 6.71332.
Commercially available Conplast SP430-SRV obtained
from Fosroc chemicals (I) ltd. was used as a chemical
admixture, conforming to IS: 9103- 1999.
B. Mix Proportioning
In the process of preparing SCC the initial step includes
the preparation of the mortar. The mortar should be
sufficiently flow able in order to be efficient to make the
coarse aggregate flow along with itself.
First the volume of the paste (powder+water) is chosen. In
this study as we have replaced 15% of OPC with class F fly
ash so it is clear that the quantity of cement and fly ash was
fixed. We varied the quantity of sand and water and carried
out test on the mortar. The water cement ratio ranged from
1.25 to 1.29. The dosage of chemical admixture was 2L/100
kg of powder.
Thereafter, varying percentage of coarse aggregate was
added to the mortar and the trail mix that passed all the tests
was taken as the final SCC mix.
C. Mixing
The chemical admixture chosen for this investigation
mainly enhances the workability of the concrete. For the
purpose of mixing all the material was weighed and were
mixed together. Then one-third of the water was separately
taken out of the measured water and the required chemical
admixture to be added to the mix was added to that water.
Then two-third of the remaining water was added to the
mixture and it was thoroughly mixed.
Then th3 mixture of chemical admixture and water is
added to the mortar mixture and the minimum time of mixing
is 2 minutes. Once the mortar starts flowing the test is to be
performed immediately.
D. Experimental Procedure
1. Mortar:
In order to determine the amount of paste and sand test on
mortar were conducted. There are two tests namely: flow cone
test and V-funnel test as shown in fig. 1 and 2 respectively.
The flow cone test comprises of a cone of height of
60mm, and upper and lower diameter of 70 mm and 100 mm.
The cone is moistened and filled to the top and is lifted
vertically upwards. The average of the diameters should lie in
the range of 240mm- 260mm.
The V-funnel test consist of a V shaped funnel. The
funnel is filled up to the top while the bottom of the funnel is
blocked so that no mortar flows out. When the funnel is
completely filled then the mortar is made to pass the funnel.
The funnel should be completely emptied in 7-11 seconds.
2. International Journal of Technical Research and Applications e-ISSN: 2320-8163,
www.ijtra.com Volume 3, Issue 4 (July-August 2015), PP. 13-15
14 | P a g e
2. SCC:
As per the EFNARC guidelines, the fresh properties of
SCC were verified by conducting the following tests: Slump
flow test, T50 slump flow test, J-ring, V-funnel, L-box test and
orimet test. Some tests are shown in fig 3, 4and 5.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results of the test conducted on mortar and SCC are
presented in table II and III respectively. The amount of
powder and sand used to prepare the mortar mix is briefly
mentioned in the table. Out of all the mixtures Out of them,
MTM4 accomplished the stipulated requirements. The final
percentage of paste and sand was obtained 60% and 40%
respectively.
For the fresh properties of SCC the results obtained on
adding varying percentage of coarse aggregate conforming the
European guidelines is cited in the table. Five number of SCC
trial mix were prepared and all above mentioned tests were
performed on it. Trial mix SCC1, SCC2 and SCC3 were
rejected as their slump flow test value did not lie in the
stipulated range i.e. 650- 800 mm. SCC4 was also rejected as
it did not comply with the criteria of slump flow T50 test. Trial
mix SCC5 satisfied all the stipulated criteria of SCC without
any segregation. Hence, it was declared as SCC for the
investigation of the present work. Constituent properties of the
selected SCC have been highlighted in table.
IV. CONCLUDING REMARKS
This paper describes the results of an experimental study
carried out to study the fresh properties of mortar and SCC
prepared with 15% replacement of cement with class f fly ash.
With the increase in the powder content the slump flow of
the SCC considerably increased. The results were carefully
analyzed with the help of the earlier research with the similar
materials. It is essential for the mortar to posses good flow
ability as then only the SCC obtained will fulfill the
mentioned parameters (passing ability, flow ability and
resistance to segregation).
The w/p ratio was finalized to be 1.28. The final SCC mix
i.e. SCC5 was made of 60% mortar and 40% coarse aggregate.
The slump flow and V funnel test justifies the filling ability of
the SCC. The J ring and L box indicated the passing ability.
Thus an overall assessment of the properties of mortar and the
effect of powder on SCC was observed and studied.
Table I Chemical composition of Portland cement and Fly ash
Constituents
Portland
cement
(% by
weight)
Fly ash (% by
weight:
recommended)
Fly ash
(% by
weight:
used)
CaO 64.01 0.37-27.68 5.10
SiO2 20.13 27.88-59.40 59.20
Al2O3 5.78 5.23-33.99 22.10
Fe2O3 2.35 1.21-29.63 3.10
MgO 1.19 0.42-8.79 0.50
SO3 3.53 0.04-4.71 0.20
Na2O 0.11 0.20-6.90 0.20
K2O 0.77 0.64-6.68 Traces
TiO2 0.37 0.24-1.73 0.70
Table II Mortar test results
Sample
No.
Cement
(%)
Fly
Ash
(%)
San
d
(%)
w/c
Superpla
sticiser
(lit/100
kg of
powder)
(%)
V-
funnel
(sec)
Slum
p
Flow
(mm)
Limiting
Value
- - - - - 7-11
240-
260
MTM1 45 15 40 1.25 2 14 200
MTM2 45 15 40 1.26 2 13 220
MTM3 45 15 40 1.27 2 12 230
MTM4 45 15 40 1.28 2 9.5 245
MTM5 45 15 40 1.29 2 11 265
MTM: Mortar Trial Mix
MTM4 is used in the present study
Table III Properties of Fresh SCC with fly ash
Mix
Slump
Flow(
mm)
T50
(sec
)
V-
funn
el
(tf
sec)
V-
fun
nel
(t5
min)
(se
c)
J-
Ring
height
differ
ence
(mm)
L-
Box
(H2/H
1)
ratio
Or
im
et
(se
c)
Resul
t
Limiti
ng
values
as per
EFNA
RC(20
05)
650-
800
0-5 6-12
6-
12
0-10 0.8-1
0-
5
SCC1 560 - - - - - -
Faile
d
SCC2 630 - - - - - -
Faile
d
SCC3 642 - - - - - -
Faile
d
SCC4 675 7 10 8.5 - - 3
Faile
d
SCC5 710 3.0 8 10 2 0.95
3.
5
Passe
d
Fig 1: Flow cone apparatus
3. International Journal of Technical Research and Applications e-ISSN: 2320-8163,
www.ijtra.com Volume 3, Issue 4 (July-August 2015), PP. 13-15
15 | P a g e
Fig 2: V- funnel test apparatus
Fig 3: Slump Flow test apparatus
Fig 4: L-box apparatus
Fig 5: J- ring test
REFERENCES
[1]. Aslani, Farhad and Nejadi, Shami (2012). Mechanical
properties of conventional and self- compacting concrete: An
analytical study. Construction and Building Materials. 36: 330-
347.
[2]. Barbhuiya, Salim (2011). Effects of fly ash and dolomite
powder on the properties of self- compacting concrete.
Construction and Building Materials. 25: 3301-3305.
[3]. Cengiz, Duran Aity (2005). Strength properties of high-
volume fly ash roller compacted and workable concrete and
influence of curing condition. Cement and Concrete Research.
35: 1112-1121.
[4]. Douglas, Raissa P. (2004). Properties of self- compacting
concrete containing type F fly ash.
[5]. EFNARC (2002). Specifications and guidelines for self-
compacting concrete. EFNARC, UK. (www.efnarc.org): 1-32.
[6]. Girish, S.; Ranganath, R.V. and Vengala, Jagadish (2010).
Influence of powder and paste on flow properties of SCC.
Construction and Building Materials. 24: 2481- 2488.
[7]. Khatib, J.M. (2008). Performance of self- compacting concrete
containing fly ash. Construction and Building Materials. 22:
1963-1971.
[8]. Miao, Liu (2010). Self- compacting concrete with different
levels of pulverized fuel ash.Construction and Building
Materials. 24: 1245-1252.
[9]. Okamura H, Ouchi M. Self-compacting concrete (invited
paper). Journal of advanced concrete technology 2003; I (1):5–
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[10].Sahmaran, Mustafa; Christiano, Heru Ari and Yaman,
Ismail Ozgur (2006). The effect of chemical admixtures and
mineral additives on the properties of self- compacting mortars.
Cement and Concrete Composites. 28: 432-440.