IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Performance study of adhoc routing protocols for cbr trafficeSAT Journals
Abstract Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a dynamic network without fixed infrastructure due to their wireless nature and can be deployed as multi-hop packet networks. The nodes are free to move about and organize themselves into a network. These nodes change position frequently. A Reactive (on-demand) routing strategy is a popular routing category for wireless adhoc routing. The primary objective of this paper is to do comparative study of the performance of routing protocols Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Ad-hoc on demand Distance Vector (AODV) for wireless ad hoc networks in a simulated environment against varying network parameters. The evaluations are done by means of simulations using NS-2 network simulator. The study was done on the basis of performance metrics: throughput, packet delivery function, end-to-end delay, routing overhead and packet lost. Simulation results show that despite in most simulations reactive routing protocols DSR and AODV performed significantly better than proactive routing protocol DSDV for the CBR based traffic. Keywords- component; Mobile Adhoc Network, Routing protocol, DSR, AODV, DSDV
Mobile Ad HOC networks (MANET’S) are networks in which all nodes are mobile and
communicate with each other via wireless connections. Nodes can join or leave the network at any
time. There is no fixed infrastructure. Research and industries are recently more interesting and
attracting to the VANET and MANET development domain. A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET)
is a subclass of MANET. In this paper, we propose Bee Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Network, in
which a new quality of service multipath routing protocol adapted for the VANET. This algorithm is
a reactive source routing algorithm and consumes less energy as compared to DSDV, AODV, DSR
routing algorithms because a fewer control packets for routing are sent as compared to other
networks.
Wireless Sensor Network Using Six Sigma Multi Hop RoutingIOSR Journals
The most significant problem in the design of wireless sensor networks is to coordinate the sensors
with dynamism into a wireless communication network and route sensed data to the base station. The energy
efficiency is the most important key point of the network routing designing. This paper presents the efficient
multi hop routing algorithm to extend the lifetime of sensor networks and focuses by employing six sigma
principles to obtain the Quality of Service. To attain QoS support, we have to find either a route to assure the
application requirements or offering network response to the application when the requirements cannot be met.
ALL ABOUT DATA AGGREGATION IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKSEditor IJCTER
A wireless sensor network is a computer network that consists of small devices called
sensor nodes. These sensor nodes have the ability to sense different environmental conditions like
temperature, pressure, etc. All these sensor nodes send their data to a central node or base station.
This creates a large communication overhead the energy source for these nodes is usually a battery.
This gives rise to huge consumption of energy and resources. So a solution is required that
overcomes the above problems. Data aggregation is one of its solutions. This method consists of
aggregators that combine the data coming from the sensor nodes and then passes it to the base
station. With the help of data aggregation we reduce the energy consumption by eliminating
redundancy and we can enhance the life time of wireless network. The purpose of the proposed paper
is to explain data aggregation in wireless sensor network, how it works, different techniques of data
aggregation and the comparison among them.
EFFICIENT REBROADCASTING USING TRUSTWORTHINESS OF NODE WITH NEIGHBOUR KNOWLED...ijiert bestjournal
Mobile Ad hoc network is an infrastructure less communication network with limited resources. To maintain virtual
infrastructure for communication broadcasting mechanisms is used. Due to lack of energy efficiency in Mobile Ad
hoc network, there is a need to develop an efficient broadcasting model which enhances energy efficiency. Also
nodes with malicious behaviour cause an internal threat that disobeys the standard and degrades the performance of
routing protocols. This paper introduced an enhanced rebroadcasting algorithm, where rebroadcasting decision for
next hop is immediate or delayed on the basis of trust value and energy level of particular node. This approach helps
to decrease number of rebroadcast, energy consumption and also enhances security. The decision is made with trust
value associated with node, their remaining energy and total number of uncovered nodes.
Performance study of adhoc routing protocols for cbr trafficeSAT Journals
Abstract Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a dynamic network without fixed infrastructure due to their wireless nature and can be deployed as multi-hop packet networks. The nodes are free to move about and organize themselves into a network. These nodes change position frequently. A Reactive (on-demand) routing strategy is a popular routing category for wireless adhoc routing. The primary objective of this paper is to do comparative study of the performance of routing protocols Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Ad-hoc on demand Distance Vector (AODV) for wireless ad hoc networks in a simulated environment against varying network parameters. The evaluations are done by means of simulations using NS-2 network simulator. The study was done on the basis of performance metrics: throughput, packet delivery function, end-to-end delay, routing overhead and packet lost. Simulation results show that despite in most simulations reactive routing protocols DSR and AODV performed significantly better than proactive routing protocol DSDV for the CBR based traffic. Keywords- component; Mobile Adhoc Network, Routing protocol, DSR, AODV, DSDV
Mobile Ad HOC networks (MANET’S) are networks in which all nodes are mobile and
communicate with each other via wireless connections. Nodes can join or leave the network at any
time. There is no fixed infrastructure. Research and industries are recently more interesting and
attracting to the VANET and MANET development domain. A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET)
is a subclass of MANET. In this paper, we propose Bee Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Network, in
which a new quality of service multipath routing protocol adapted for the VANET. This algorithm is
a reactive source routing algorithm and consumes less energy as compared to DSDV, AODV, DSR
routing algorithms because a fewer control packets for routing are sent as compared to other
networks.
Wireless Sensor Network Using Six Sigma Multi Hop RoutingIOSR Journals
The most significant problem in the design of wireless sensor networks is to coordinate the sensors
with dynamism into a wireless communication network and route sensed data to the base station. The energy
efficiency is the most important key point of the network routing designing. This paper presents the efficient
multi hop routing algorithm to extend the lifetime of sensor networks and focuses by employing six sigma
principles to obtain the Quality of Service. To attain QoS support, we have to find either a route to assure the
application requirements or offering network response to the application when the requirements cannot be met.
ALL ABOUT DATA AGGREGATION IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKSEditor IJCTER
A wireless sensor network is a computer network that consists of small devices called
sensor nodes. These sensor nodes have the ability to sense different environmental conditions like
temperature, pressure, etc. All these sensor nodes send their data to a central node or base station.
This creates a large communication overhead the energy source for these nodes is usually a battery.
This gives rise to huge consumption of energy and resources. So a solution is required that
overcomes the above problems. Data aggregation is one of its solutions. This method consists of
aggregators that combine the data coming from the sensor nodes and then passes it to the base
station. With the help of data aggregation we reduce the energy consumption by eliminating
redundancy and we can enhance the life time of wireless network. The purpose of the proposed paper
is to explain data aggregation in wireless sensor network, how it works, different techniques of data
aggregation and the comparison among them.
EFFICIENT REBROADCASTING USING TRUSTWORTHINESS OF NODE WITH NEIGHBOUR KNOWLED...ijiert bestjournal
Mobile Ad hoc network is an infrastructure less communication network with limited resources. To maintain virtual
infrastructure for communication broadcasting mechanisms is used. Due to lack of energy efficiency in Mobile Ad
hoc network, there is a need to develop an efficient broadcasting model which enhances energy efficiency. Also
nodes with malicious behaviour cause an internal threat that disobeys the standard and degrades the performance of
routing protocols. This paper introduced an enhanced rebroadcasting algorithm, where rebroadcasting decision for
next hop is immediate or delayed on the basis of trust value and energy level of particular node. This approach helps
to decrease number of rebroadcast, energy consumption and also enhances security. The decision is made with trust
value associated with node, their remaining energy and total number of uncovered nodes.
Enhanced Zigbee Tree Routing In Wireless Sensor Networkpaperpublications3
Abstract: Multipath routing is an efficient technique to route data in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) because it can provide reliability, security and load balance, which are particularly critical in the resource constrained system such as WSNs. The existing protocols are not fully satisfied. In this paper propose a new routing protocol that is enhanced zigbee tree routing (EZTR), to satisfy the QoS parameters. The new protocol provides less delay as compared with other protocol.
Transport layer protocol for urgent data transmission in wsneSAT Journals
Abstract wireless sensor networks is a growing class of highly dynamic, complex network environment on top of which a wide range of applications, such as habitat monitoring, object tracking, precision agriculture, building monitoring and military systems are built. The real time applications often generate urgent data and one-time event notifications that need to be communicated reliably. The successful delivery of such information has a direct effect on the overall performance of the system. Reliable communication is important for sensor networks. Urgent data transmission has been a serious problem for Wireless sensor networks. WSN face difficulties in handling urgent data like congestion and reliability due to their unique requirements and constraints. Various protocols for congestion avoidance and reliability achievement for WSN have been proposed recently. Few of them have also worked on congestion elimination. These protocols try to minimize the problem using different mechanism. This paper explores these mechanisms and tries to find their features and limitations which directed us for our research. Keywords: Congestion, Reliability, Transport layer Protocol, Urgent data transmission, Wireless Sensor Network.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
AggreLEACH: Enhance Privacy Preserving in Wireless Sensor Networkijsrd.com
Privacy preservation is an important issue in today's context of extreme penetration of internet and mobile technology. It is more important in the case of wireless sensor network where collected data often requires in network processing and collaborative computing. Security is always booming in wireless sensor network. Privacy preserving data aggregation emerged as an important concern in designing data aggregation algorithm. Encryption schemes that support operation over cipher text are of utmost for wireless sensor networks & especially in LEACH protocol. The salient limit of LEACH is energy. Due to this limitation, it seems important to design Confidentiality scheme for WSN so that sensing data can be transmitted to the receiver securely and efficiently and the energy consumed must be minimum hence we proposed AggreLEACH in which confidentiality scheme i.e. holomorphic encryption is added to LEACH protocol. In holomorphic encryption data can be aggregated without decryption and hence less energy consumption. The objective is to provide secure data transmission between sensor node and aggregator. Simulation result are obtain in terms of two metrics- total energy Consumed of node, life-time of node. It is observed that the performance of AggreLEACH compare to LEACH. We have performed theoretical analysis as well as simulation to check the performance in terms of accuracy, complexity and security.
International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC)IJCNCJournal
A wireless sensor network consists of severalsensor nodes. Sensor nodes collaborate to collect meaningful environmental information and send them to the base station. During these processes, nodes are prone to failure, due to the energy depletion, hardware or software failure, etc. Therefore, fault tolerance and energy efficiency are two important objectives for reliable packet delivery. To address these objectives a novel method called fuzzy informer homed routing protocol is introduced. The proposed method tries to distribute the workload between every sensor node. A fuzzy logic approach is used to handle uncertainties in cluster head communication range estimation. The simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly reduce energy consumption as compared with IHR and DHR protocols. Furthermore, results revealed that it performs better than IHR and DHR protocols in terms of first node dead and half of the nodes alive, throughput and total remaining energy. It is concluded that the proposed protocol is a stable and energy efficient fault tolerance algorithm for wireless sensor networks.
Moderate quality of voice transmission using 8 bit micro-controller through z...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Enhanced Zigbee Tree Routing In Wireless Sensor Networkpaperpublications3
Abstract: Multipath routing is an efficient technique to route data in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) because it can provide reliability, security and load balance, which are particularly critical in the resource constrained system such as WSNs. The existing protocols are not fully satisfied. In this paper propose a new routing protocol that is enhanced zigbee tree routing (EZTR), to satisfy the QoS parameters. The new protocol provides less delay as compared with other protocol.
Transport layer protocol for urgent data transmission in wsneSAT Journals
Abstract wireless sensor networks is a growing class of highly dynamic, complex network environment on top of which a wide range of applications, such as habitat monitoring, object tracking, precision agriculture, building monitoring and military systems are built. The real time applications often generate urgent data and one-time event notifications that need to be communicated reliably. The successful delivery of such information has a direct effect on the overall performance of the system. Reliable communication is important for sensor networks. Urgent data transmission has been a serious problem for Wireless sensor networks. WSN face difficulties in handling urgent data like congestion and reliability due to their unique requirements and constraints. Various protocols for congestion avoidance and reliability achievement for WSN have been proposed recently. Few of them have also worked on congestion elimination. These protocols try to minimize the problem using different mechanism. This paper explores these mechanisms and tries to find their features and limitations which directed us for our research. Keywords: Congestion, Reliability, Transport layer Protocol, Urgent data transmission, Wireless Sensor Network.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
AggreLEACH: Enhance Privacy Preserving in Wireless Sensor Networkijsrd.com
Privacy preservation is an important issue in today's context of extreme penetration of internet and mobile technology. It is more important in the case of wireless sensor network where collected data often requires in network processing and collaborative computing. Security is always booming in wireless sensor network. Privacy preserving data aggregation emerged as an important concern in designing data aggregation algorithm. Encryption schemes that support operation over cipher text are of utmost for wireless sensor networks & especially in LEACH protocol. The salient limit of LEACH is energy. Due to this limitation, it seems important to design Confidentiality scheme for WSN so that sensing data can be transmitted to the receiver securely and efficiently and the energy consumed must be minimum hence we proposed AggreLEACH in which confidentiality scheme i.e. holomorphic encryption is added to LEACH protocol. In holomorphic encryption data can be aggregated without decryption and hence less energy consumption. The objective is to provide secure data transmission between sensor node and aggregator. Simulation result are obtain in terms of two metrics- total energy Consumed of node, life-time of node. It is observed that the performance of AggreLEACH compare to LEACH. We have performed theoretical analysis as well as simulation to check the performance in terms of accuracy, complexity and security.
International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC)IJCNCJournal
A wireless sensor network consists of severalsensor nodes. Sensor nodes collaborate to collect meaningful environmental information and send them to the base station. During these processes, nodes are prone to failure, due to the energy depletion, hardware or software failure, etc. Therefore, fault tolerance and energy efficiency are two important objectives for reliable packet delivery. To address these objectives a novel method called fuzzy informer homed routing protocol is introduced. The proposed method tries to distribute the workload between every sensor node. A fuzzy logic approach is used to handle uncertainties in cluster head communication range estimation. The simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly reduce energy consumption as compared with IHR and DHR protocols. Furthermore, results revealed that it performs better than IHR and DHR protocols in terms of first node dead and half of the nodes alive, throughput and total remaining energy. It is concluded that the proposed protocol is a stable and energy efficient fault tolerance algorithm for wireless sensor networks.
Moderate quality of voice transmission using 8 bit micro-controller through z...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Load balancing in public cloud combining the concepts of data mining and netw...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is partially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions such as temperature, pressure etc. and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to the central location. The technique referred to as multi-hop wireless communications is used by the WSN’s to communicate. Due to the limited processing power and the finite power accessible to each sensor nodes, the application of regular routing techniques is not recommended. Hence recent advances in wireless sensor networks have made the routing protocols more efficient. This paper surveys and compares the advanced routing protocols. The three main categories discussed here are flat based, hierarchical based and location based. The paper concludes with open research issues.
A survey heterogenity and mobility based routing protocol in wsneSAT Journals
Abstract The latest advancements in wireless communication are more emphasis on delivering sensitive info to destination node under several constraints such as latency ,energy, reliability, stability, and security. So there is rise of Wireless Sensor Network Technology[1] .Though it is possible to assimilate sensing and computing units along with transceiver(transmitter & receiver) and power supply to a single entity called as Sensor Node (SN). The combination of SNs constitute a type of network known as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)[1]. Several researched proposals on WSNs have mainly emphasis on energy minimization of the Base Station (BS) for communication process. Although clustering is the most well-known technique for the enrichment of network lifetime by effective energy utilization of sensor node, but heterogeneity issue of sensor node is another interesting aspect which can be considered to save the energy consumption of sensor nodes in the network field. Mobility Issue is also one of the major aspect in determining performance of the network . In this paper considering all these issues, , we have tried our best to categorized different heterogeneous routing protocols for WSNs based upon some predefined parameters .Different performance evaluation metrics such as- network lifetime, Number of Heterogeneity Level, Cluster Head Selection(CH-Selection), Energy Efficiency, Stability and Mobility. The extensive categorization gives insights to various readers to select one of the protocols from various categories based upon its advantage over the others. Keywords: - Heterogeneity, Cluster Head Selection, Mobility, Heterogeneous Routing Protocol, Threshold Value.
Wireless Sensor Network Using Six Sigma Multi Hop RoutingIOSR Journals
Abstract: The most significant problem in the design of wireless sensor networks is to coordinate the sensors with dynamism into a wireless communication network and route sensed data to the base station. The energy efficiency is the most important key point of the network routing designing. This paper presents the efficient multi hop routing algorithm to extend the lifetime of sensor networks and focuses by employing six sigma principles to obtain the Quality of Service. To attain QoS support, we have to find either a route to assure the application requirements or offering network response to the application when the requirements cannot be met. Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks, Multi hop routing, six sigma, QoS
A novel approach to develop a reliable routing protocol for wireless mesh net...eSAT Journals
Abstract Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have emerged as a flexible and low-cost network infrastructure, where heterogeneous mesh routers managed by different users collaborate to extend the network coverage. IEEE 802.11s standard was defined as a wireless mesh network which extends IEEE 802.11 MAC standard. The protocols introduced by IEEE 802.11s draft are divided into Proactive, Reactive or Hybrid categories. This paper aims to improve the routing process of HWMP: Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol defined by IEEE 802.11s standard by interworking 802.11s network with LTE network. Also, it aims to make the protocol more reliable by providing the QoS to the network. The pre-defined path selection metric is also enhanced to get more accurate information about the path quality. The proposed contribution aims to provide better performance to the 802.11s-LTE network and enhances the network with delay-aware routing. A simulation study will be conducted under NS-3 to observe the impact of the proposed protocol in offloading mechanism. Finally, the performance of overall contribution is compared to HWMP. Keywords: Delay-aware routing, HWMP, IEEE 802.11s, Interworking, LTE, Multi-path routing, nALM metric, QoS and Wireless mesh networks.
Study Of Coded Based Mechanism In WSN SystemIJERA Editor
Wireless Sensor networks (WSN) is an emerging technology and have great potential to be employed in critical
situations like battlefields and commercial applications such as building, traffic surveillance, habitat monitoring
and smart homes and many more scenarios.One of the major challenges wireless sensor networks face today is
QoS. In order to ensure data security and quality of service required by an application in an energy efficient
way, we propose a mechanism for QoS routing with coding and selective encryption scheme for WSNs.Our
approach provides reliable and secure data transmission and can adapt to the resource constraints of WSNs.
Enhanced location based self adaptive routing algorithm for wsn in industrial...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A Review of Sensor Node in Wireless Sensor Networksijtsrd
Wireless Sensor Networks WSNs are collection of tiny sensor nodes capable of sensing, processing and broadcasting data correlated to some occurrence in the network area. The sensor nodes have severe limitation, such as bandwidth, short communication range, limited CPU processing facility, memory and energy. Enhancing the lifetime of wireless sensors network and efficient utilizations of bandwidth are essential for the proliferation of wireless sensor network in different applications. We provide an in depth study of applying wireless sensor networks WSNs to real world habitat monitoring. A set of system design requirements were developed that cover the hardware design of the nodes, the sensor network software, protective enclosures, and system architecture to meet the requirements of biologists. Although researchers anticipate some challenges arising in real world deployments of WSNs, many problems can only be discovered through experience. We present a set of experiences from a four month long deployment on a remote island. We analyze the environmental and node health data to evaluate system performance. The close integration of WSNs with their environment provides environmental data at densities previously impossible. We show that the sensor data is also useful for predicting system operation and network failures. Based on over one million data readings, we analyze the node and network design and develop network reliability profiles and failure models. Jobanputra Paresh Ashokkumar | Prof. Arun Jhapate ""A Review of Sensor Node in Wireless Sensor Networks"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23620.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/23620/a-review-of-sensor-node-in-wireless-sensor-networks/jobanputra-paresh-ashokkumar
Performance Evaluation of LEACH Protocol for Wireless Sensor NetworkAM Publications
This paper gives performance of LEACH protocol. LEACH is the first network protocol that uses hierarchical
routing for wireless sensor networks to increase the life time of network. All the nodes in a network organize themselves into
local clusters, with one node acting as the cluster-head. All non-cluster-head nodes transmit their data to the cluster-head,
while the cluster-head node receive data from all the cluster members, perform signal processing functions on the data (e.g.,
data aggregation), and transmit data to the remote base station. Therefore, being a cluster-head node is much more energyintensive
than being a non-cluster-head node. Thus, when a cluster-head node dies all the nodes that belong to the cluster lose
communication ability. This paper gives performance of LEACH protocol considering parameters i) Packet Delivery Ratio ii)
Throughput iii) Delay iv) lifetime.
Performance comparison of qo s based routing protocols mbrr, rear and speed f...eSAT Journals
Abstract A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a collection of small randomly dispersed micro sensor nodes that have capability to sense, establish wireless communication between each other and do computations and process operations. A network especially wireless network strongly depends on the routing protocols to route the sensed data to the Base Station (BS) via some intermediate nodes. Due to fast emergence of the wireless sensing, a lot of work has been done on the various categories of routing protocols of WSN like location-based, data-centric, hierarchal routing protocols etc. to measure the network performance. But recent studies are provided with the evidence that Quality-of-Service (QoS) routing can enhance the network performance by increasing the network utilization, compared to routing that is not sensitive to QoS requirements of traffic. So in this paper, the focus is on evaluation and comparison of the network performance in the WSN having QoS routing. The comparison of the three QoS routing protocols MBRR (Majority Based Re-Routing), REAR (Reliable Energy Aware Routing) and SPEED (Stateless Protocol for End-to-End Delay) on the basis of various performance metrics such as Bit Error Rate (BER) vs. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Average End-to-End Delay vs. BER, Packet Delivery Ratio vs. BER, Energy Consumed vs. BER, Network Lifetime vs. Energy Consumption, Throughput vs. BER and Throughput vs. SNR has been done in this research paper. On the basis of observed simulation results, it is concluded that the performance of MBRR is better than the performance of other two comparing protocols i.e. REAR and SPEED. Index Terms: Wireless Sensor Networks, Routing Protocols, QoS Routing, and Performance Evaluation etc.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A Review of Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor NetworkIJMER
A wireless sensor network is a collection of nodes organized into a cooperative network. Each node consists of processing capability, may contain multiple types of memory, have a RF transceiver, have a power source, and accommodate various sensors and actuators. The nodes
communicate wirelessly and often self-organize after being deployed in an ad hoc fashion. Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks are responsible for maintaining the routes in the network and have to ensure reliable multi-hop communication .The performance of the network is
greatly influenced by the routing techniques. Routing is to find out the path to route the sensed data to the base station. In this paper the features of WSNs are introduced and routing protocols are reviewed for Wireless Sensor Network
DESIGN OF ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING ALGORITHM FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK (WSN...cscpconf
Development of energy efficient Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) routing protocol is nowadays main area of interest amongst researchers. This research is an effort in designing energy efficient Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) routing protocol under certain parameters consideration. Research report discusses various existing WSN routing protocols and propose a new WSN energy efficient routing protocol. Results show a significant improvement in life cycle of the nodes and enhancement in energy efficiency of WSN. In this paper, an attempt has been made to design a wireless sensor network involving the extraction of Pascal Graph features. The standard task involves designing a suitable topology using Pascal Graph. As per the definition of interconnection network it is equivalent that a suitable graph can represent the different computer network topologies very efficiently. Different characteristics of Pascal Graph Topology has been discovered and used in network topology design. Since Pascal Graph gives
better result in terms of finding the dependable and reliable nodes in topology, it has been considered for network analysis. Moreover, we propose a methodology that involves the Pascal
Graph Topology for wireless sensor network which can analyse and represent the network and help in routing.
Opnet based simulation and investigation of wimax network using different qo seSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Design and development of load sharing multipath routing protcol for mobile a...eSAT Journals
Abstract Routing in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is a challenging task due to the dynamic nature of the network topology and resource constraints. Due to communication over wireless channel, participating nodes also experience interference and bandwidth constraints. Therefore it is essential to develop a robust and efficient routing protocol for MANETs. This research paper involves design and development of a multipath routing protocol for MANETs, called Load Sharing Multipath Routing (LS-MPR) uses dual polarized directional antenna to enhance network efficiency and provide load balancing. LS-MPR is an on-demand multipath routing protocol, which selects best possible multiple paths based on ascending order of hop count and availability of common polarization between neighboring mobile nodes. The performance of the LS-MPR is compared with that Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). The network performance is checked with and without node mobility, throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), least jitter, low interference and low end-to-end delay. Directional antenna is a very efficient and low cost smart antenna technology. It can achieve better performance, higher throughput, and better resource utilization with omnidirectional antennas multi-path routing cannot be exploited very well since packets routed on one of the paths cause an interference zone that typically encompasses the other paths and thereby limits the number of packets routed on these paths. Keywords: Multipath Routing, Load Sharing Multipath Routing (LS-MPR) Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Dynamic Source Routing (DSR).
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A study on qos aware routing in wireless mesh network
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2319-1163
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 05 | May-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 871
A STUDY ON QOS AWARE ROUTING IN WIRELESS MESH NETWORK
Arnab Kundu1
, Suvajit Bhattacherjee2
, Gairik Saha3
1
Asst. Professor, Department of E.C.E., B.I.E.T., Suri, Dist.-Birbhum, PIN-731101, W.B., INDIA
2, 3
Student, Department of E.C.E., B.I.E.T., Suri, Dist.-Birbhum, PIN-73101, W.B., INDIA
a.kunduwb@gmail.com, suvajit.ece.biet@gmail.com, gairik.biet@gmail.com
Abstract
Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) mainly consists of mesh clients and mesh routers. It is mainly effective as an economically successful
and a promising technology for providing wireless broadband services. Mesh routers basically form the backbone of the network
(WMN) and hence has the minimum mobility. They interconnect the mesh clients and the wireline backbone network. In order to
approach the wireline level or same or near QoS, the Wireless Mesh Networks must be QoS aware. In this paper we have worked on
the effect of variable transmission power to achieve the desired SNR and to maximize the number of active links at the same time for
each links in the network and analyze different approaches to maintain the QoS routing of a wireless mesh network.
Index Terms:AODV; AQOR; DSDV; MANET; OPNET; QOS; WMN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1.INTRODUCTION
Wireless local area network is a process which provides
Internet connectivity to mobile users, connection to the
infrastructure. All the mobile users must reside within the
basic service set (access point) with a radius up to
250~300meters. In relatively large areas we need to deploy a
large number of access points (AP) to provide full coverage.
In order to provide video-on-demand, online gaming and
emergency communication services, end to end quality of
services (QoS) must be up to that mark which is dependent on
bandwidth. The QoS routing mechanism in a multi-hop
wireless network faces some challenges due to the impact of
interference. The available bandwidth in each an every node
is dependent upon the interference occurred by its neighboring
nodes within the interference range. Wireless mesh networks
(WMNs) are easy to maintain, robust and provide reliable
service coverage.
2. WIRELESS MESH NETWORK
WMNs consist of two types of nodes: mesh routers and mesh
clients. Other than the routing capability for gateway/repeater
functions as in a conventional wireless router, a wireless mesh
router contains additional routing functions to support mesh
networking. To further improve the flexibility of mesh
networking, a mesh router is usually equipped with multiple
wireless interfaces built on either the same or different
wireless access technologies. Compared with a conventional
wireless router, a wireless mesh router can achieve the same
coverage with much lower transmission power through multi-
hop communications.[1]. In this architecture, mesh clients
represent other networks such as cellular, IEEE 802.11, IEEE
802.15, and sensor networks. The gateways, mesh routers and
the mesh clients form three-tier architecture [1], [2], [3].
Fig1: Wireless Network Architecture
Unlike other distributed clustering schemes, ACE employs an
emergent algorithm. Emergent algorithms much like artificial
neural networks evolve to optimal solution through a mix of
local optimization steps. The main idea of ACE is to allow a
node to assess its potential as a CH before becoming one and
stepping down if it is not the best CH at the moment. The
algorithm works in iterations that do not have to be
synchronized at the individual nodes. Spawning new clusters
and migration of existing ones are the two functional
components of ACE. A node spawns of new cluster when it
decides to become a CH. It broadcasts an invitation message
to recruit its neighbors. Upon getting the invitation, a
neighboring sensor joins the new cluster and becomes a
follower of the new CH. At any moment, a node can be a
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2319-1163
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Volume: 02 Issue: 05 | May-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 872
follower of more than one cluster. However, the node can be a
loyal follower, i.e. a member, of only a single cluster.[3,5]
3. APPLICATION
WMNs offer a wide scope of applications including, but not
limited to, providing broadband internet access, sharing
information on goods and services, gaming, public safety,
medical and emergency response, valuable asset security,
neighborhood video surveillance, industrial monitoring.
WMNs can also play an important role in disasters reporting
and emergency networking.[4]On the small scale ([5], [6], [7],
[8]), such as home or office, wireless mesh networking allows
for connections to the internet as packet relays. Technologies
such from anywhere, indoors or outdoors, without wires.
Access points are placed in the transmission range of each
other to act as IEEE 802.11b or IEEE 802.11a is used to
provide secure reliable, fast and wireless connectivity.
Computers with a wireless card can send and receive data to
each other and to the Internet.These applications differ widely
in their QoS requirements. One protocol designed to support
one set of requirements may not be good for another set.
Therefore designing protocols for a network should consider
the different requirements, to provide the best performance for
each set while achieving fair QoS among different sets.
4. GENERAL ROUTING PROTOCOLS
A route is scanned for QoS satisfaction in a procedure similar
to route discovery in conventional routing protocols [4]. The
route request packet is sent with QoS guarantee which is
required on the route such as minimum required bandwidth.
This packet compares its own measure packet with the metric
fixed in its packet header. On occurrence of failure the packet
is return to its source node. List of routes are for defining the
route of the request packet. On failure the route repair
procedure is also defined from the intermediate node where
failure occurs.
5. WIRELESS MESH ROUTING PROTOCOL
(WMRP)
WMR protocol has some salient features:
Topology discovery: Topology discovery procedure which
maintains neighborhood information for each node by local
information exchange. This procedure also provides each node
the distance to the infrastructure, which facilitates the route
discovery for external traffic.
Route discovery: Using the topology information obtained,
route discovery algorithms can be introduced for both internal
and external traffic.
Admission control with QoS constraints: For QoS guarantee
required minimum bandwidth is to be provided and the
maximum end-to-end delay. The method of measuring the
required and available bandwidth as well as the end-to-end
delay. The admission control module will use these measures
to decide admission or rejection of a flow.
Bandwidth reservation: A temporary bandwidth reservation
scheme which will help in the discovery and recovery of
routes due to QoS violations.
Route recovery: Using the temporary bandwidth reservation
scheme and neighborhood maintenance procedure we provide
the route recovery procedure.
6. QOS-AWARE ROUTING
In modern communication systems providing QoS isa
challenge to the service providers. Now a days multimedia
service through the internet has flooded due to recent advances
in communication technology. Service guarantee is specially
required for video conferencing, distant learning and
applications that required audio video transmission. This type
of transmission is characterized by Variable Bit Rate (VBR).
In this case allocation of bandwidth is a challenge, because if
it is allocated according to the maximum rate resources are
wasted and the other applications will be blocked. Several
metrics are used to specify QoS requirements in networks such
as minimum required throughput or capacity, maximum
tolerable delay, maximum tolerable delay jitter and maximum
tolerable packet loss ratio. An application may request
guarantees on one or more metrics for its QoS. In the next
sections, we present and discuss the different routing protocols
developed to satisfy QoS requirements for traffic flows.[4]
7. BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE SURVEY
Routing and link scheduling are important components in
satisfying the QoS requirements and utilizing the network
bandwidth efficiently. They have long been addressed in
wireless and wireline networks. However, few works have
been done for WMNs. Power allocation has also been studied
in wireless ad-hoc networks and sensor networks from the
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2319-1163
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Volume: 02 Issue: 05 | May-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 873
perspective of saving power. In the following, we review the
literature of routing, link scheduling and power allocation to
find the problems addressed and the impact of the proposed
solutions in the WMNs. We mention here only the research
done on WMNs for the routing and link scheduling. Since the
power allocation is not addressed in WMNs we mention some
work that was done in traditional ad-hoc networks.[4] As the
above mentioned paper deals with frequency reuse, packet loss
characteristics against traffic load, maximum throughput &
link scheduling, it is a superior approach for the better Qos
routing in Wireless Mesh Network.
In 2005, Zhenget al. developed a graph-theoretic model to
characterize the spectrum access problem and devised a set of
heuristics to find high throughput and fair solutions.[9]
Throughput is a parameter of Wireless Mesh Network. Since
the previous paper deals with frequency reuse, packet loss
characteristics against traffic load as well as maximum
throughput, we better suggest the previous approach for the
purpose of better QoS routing in WMN.
In 2003, Qi Xue and Aura Ganz proposed a novel ad hoc
routing protocol, named Ad hoc QoS on-demand routing
(AQOR).AQOR provides end-to-end QoS support regarding
bandwidth and end-to-end delay. Qi and Aura has proposed a
detail computation method that allows for measuring the end-
to-end delay in unsynchronized wireless environment. AQOR
also provides QoS maintenance, destination initiated recovery
process. [10] This paper introduced the use of AQOR protocol
in MANETs for QoS maintenance purpose which is far
reliable process as AQOR manages accurate admission
control, resource reservation, estimates available bandwidth
through efficient mechanism. It is also capable of handling
end-to-end delay in unsynchronized Wireless Network.
In 2002, Qi Xue and Aura Ganz implemented wireless mesh
routing protocol in Optimized Network (OPNET) Modeler.
OPNET Modeler wireless suite is a network simulator which
provides high fidelity modeling, simulation and analysis of a
broad range of wireless communication. [11] The proposed
network uses WMR which provides QoS support & manages
the infrastructure of wireless LANs as well as mobile Ad-hoc
network using OPNET modeler.
In 2003, Elizabeth M. Belding-Royer Charles E. Perkins and
Samir Das proposed Ad hoc On Demand Distance
Vector(AODV) routing protocol, designed for mobile ad hoc
networks which can deals with ten to thousands of mobile
nodes. AODV is used for dynamic wireless networks i.e.
nodes can enter and leave the network as per the requirement
and to find the route to a particular destination node. The
prime important point is that AODV never creates routing
loops in its routing table. [12] As the distance vector routing
follows some tables based on the distance vectors for any
specific node in a network, it is capable to manage several
nodes with a better QoS. But this proposed protocol only
depends on routing vector table i.e. a single parameter of the
network, the QoS of the following network may not be up to
the mark.
In 1994, C.E. Perkins, P. Bhagwat examines the Destination
Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) routing protocols for
mobile ad hoc networks. The performance evaluation was
done by using simulation tool NS2, NAM (Network
Animator). Excel graph is used for preparing the graphs from
the trace files. DSDV routing scheme for Ad hoc network is
based on the BELLMAN-FORD algorithm. The routing loop
problem has been solved by the application of this routing
protocol. [13] The above discussed paper approaches the
implementation of DSDV and it follows the Bellman-ford
algorithm which contains a "negative cycle" and slower than
dijkstra‟s algorithm. So this approach is not suitable for the
network.
In 2004, Liliana CARRILLO, José L. MARZO, Pere
VILÀ,César MANTILLAdescribed a hybrid routing scheme
based on both an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and a
Multi-Agent System (MAS) that „pretends‟ to profit the
advantages of both reactive and proactive algorithms.[14] This
paper deals with ACO and MAS which is not the suitable
option to solve the problem of QoS as this process does not
follows any protocol or the parameters of the proposed
network.
CONCLUSIONS
From the above mentioned survey, we have seen different
approaches to maintain the QoS routing of a wireless mesh
network. AQOR based QoS routing control was the basic
method. After that AODV, DSDV routing protocol was
proposed. Finally we can see the Ant Colony Optimization
and Multi-agent System method for QoS aware routing
protocol in a wireless mesh network. Here WMR protocol
takes an important role to maintain the quality of services.
From the several approaches, I would like to prefer the method
proposed by Tamer Abdelkader[4] which is based on three
parameters of a network- Maximum throughput versus
Minimum power, frequency reuse and packet Loss vs. traffic
load. These methods are based on simulation procedure and
the result from the simulation.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thank the authorities of Birbhum
Institute of Engineering & Technology for providing every
kind of supports and encouragement during the working
process
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2319-1163
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 05 | May-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 874
REFERENCES
[1] I.F. Akyildiz, X.Wang, and W. Wang, ``Wireless Mesh
Networks: A Survey,'' Computer Networks Journal (Elsevier),
March 2005.
[2] H. Jiang, W. Zhuang, X. Shen, A. Abdrabou, and P. Wang,
“Differentiated services forwireless mesh backbone,” IEEE
Communication. Mag. , vol. 44, no. 7, Jul. 2006, pp. 113–119.
[3] H. Cheng, H. Jiang and W. Zhuang, “Distributed medium
access control for wireless meshnetworks,” Wireless
Communications and Mobile Computing, vol. 6, no. 6, pp.
845-864,Sept. 2006.
[4] QoS Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks-By Tamer
Abdelkader, A thesispresented to the University of Waterloo,
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2008
[5]“Mesh Dynamics website.”http://www.meshdynamics.com
[6]“BelairNetworkswebsite.” http://www.belairrnetworks.com
[7]“IntelWirelessMeshNetworkswebsite.”http://www.intel.co
m/update/contents/11032.h m
[8]“NortelNetworkswebsite.”http://www.nortelnetworks.com/
solutions/wrlsmesh/.
[9] H. Zheng and C. Peng, Collaboration and fairness in
opportunisticspectrum access, Proceedings of IEEE ICC‟2005,
pp. 3132-3136.
[10]. Qi Xue and Aura Ganz. Ad hoc qos on-demandrouting
(aqor) in mobile ad hoc networks. J. Parallel and Distributed
Computing, pages 154–165, 2003.
[11]. Qi Xue and Aura Ganz. QoS routing for mesh-based
wireless lans. In International Journal of Wirelss Information
Networks, volume 9, July 2002.
[12] Elizabeth M. Belding-Royer Charles E. Perkins and
Samir Das. Ad hoc on demand distance vector (aodv) routing.
In IETF RFC 3561, 2003.
[13]. C.E. Perkins, P. Bhagwat, Highly dynamic destination-
sequenced distance-vector routing (DSDV) for mobile
computers, Computer Comm. Rev. 6 (1994) 234–244.
[14] MAntS-Hoc: A Multi-agent Ant-based System for
Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Liliana CARRILLO ,
José L. MARZO , Pere VILÀ , César MANTILLA
Institutd‟InformàticaiAplicacions (IIiA), Universitat de Girona
(UdG) Campus Montilivi, Av. LluísSantaló s/n, Edifici P-IV,
17071 Girona, Spain {lilianac, marzo, perev,
cmantill}@eia.udg.es.
BIOGRAPHIES
Arnab Kundu, born in India, obtained his
M.Tech degree from JIS College of
Engineering, Kalyani, West Bengal. Now he
is Asst. Professor of E.C.E. Department in
Birbhum Institute of Engineering &
Technology, P.O.:Suri, Dist.:Birbhum,
PIN:731101, West Bengal, India. He is Life member of Indian
Society for Technical Education, Indian Society of Remote
Sensing, International Association of Engineers, The
Institution of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineers,
International Association of Engineers and Scientists (IAEST).
E-Mail: a.kunduwb@gmail.com
Suvajit Bhattacherjee, born in India. He is a
final year UG student, Department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering
in Birbhum Institute of Engineering &
Technology, P.O.:Suri, Dist.:Birbhum,
PIN:731101, West Bengal, India. He is a premium member of
www.mywbut.com. Email: suvajit.ece.biet@gmail.com
Gairik Saha, born in India. He is a final
year UG student, Department of Electronics
and Communication Engineering in Birbhum
Institute of Engineering & Technology,
P.O.:Suri, Dist.:Birbhum, PIN:731101, West
Bengal, India. He is a premium member of
www.mywbut.com. Email: gairik.biet@gmail.com