IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF HIGH VOLUME GROUND GRANUL...IAEME Publication
This paper reports the effect of high volume of GGBS on the properties of structural
concrete. In this study, GGBS is physically and chemically characterized and partially
replaced in the ratio of 10% to 90% by weight of cement. The fresh properties of GGBS
concrete like slump test and hardened properties like compressive strength, Split tensile
strength, Modulus of Elasticity are carried out. In addition to this the carbon foot prints are
also calculated and the savings per capita per year is determined for reduction of usage of
cement. The test results indicated that fresh and hardened properties of the GGBS concrete
increases as the percentage of replacement of GGBS increases up to certain extent
Experimental Determination of Compacting Characteristics of Copper–Redmud Com...IJERA Editor
Composite materials are capable of providing higher temperature operating limits than their base metal counter
parts and they can be tailored to give improved strength, stiffness, hardness, thermal conductivity, abrasion
resistance, creep resistance and dimensional stability .Powder metallurgy is an appropriate process for the
preparation of composite materials. Copper appears to have a potential as a base metal for composites for
obtaining various improved properties. Red Mud is an industrial waste obtained in both solid state and powder
form produced during the production of Alumina by Bayer‟s Process. The objective of the present work is to
prepare copper red mud composite specimens using conventional powder metallurgy and to determine green
characteristics of these compacts
An Experimental Investigation of Partial Replacement of Cement by Various Per...IJERA Editor
Over 15 million tons of fly ash (FA) and 3 million tons of phospho-gypsum (PG) are produced every year. The utilization of these industrial by-product materials is important in terms of environmental and economical issues are concerned. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the technical possibilities of incorporating FA and PG in production of concrete .In this study Combination of FA and PG is use as a mineral admixture with, phosphogypsum 0%., 5%,10%, 15% and fly ash is constant as 20% , Last proportion was taken PG- 5% and FA- 25%. . The compressive, tensile and flexural strength are studied by casting and testing specimens for 7, 14 and 28 days. It is shown that a part of ordinary Portland cement can be replaced with PG and FA to develop a good and hardened concrete to achieve economy; above 10% replacement of phosphogypsum and 20% replacement of F in concrete lead to drastic reduction not only in the compressive strength but also in Flexural and split tensile strength of concrete.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF HIGH VOLUME GROUND GRANUL...IAEME Publication
This paper reports the effect of high volume of GGBS on the properties of structural
concrete. In this study, GGBS is physically and chemically characterized and partially
replaced in the ratio of 10% to 90% by weight of cement. The fresh properties of GGBS
concrete like slump test and hardened properties like compressive strength, Split tensile
strength, Modulus of Elasticity are carried out. In addition to this the carbon foot prints are
also calculated and the savings per capita per year is determined for reduction of usage of
cement. The test results indicated that fresh and hardened properties of the GGBS concrete
increases as the percentage of replacement of GGBS increases up to certain extent
Experimental Determination of Compacting Characteristics of Copper–Redmud Com...IJERA Editor
Composite materials are capable of providing higher temperature operating limits than their base metal counter
parts and they can be tailored to give improved strength, stiffness, hardness, thermal conductivity, abrasion
resistance, creep resistance and dimensional stability .Powder metallurgy is an appropriate process for the
preparation of composite materials. Copper appears to have a potential as a base metal for composites for
obtaining various improved properties. Red Mud is an industrial waste obtained in both solid state and powder
form produced during the production of Alumina by Bayer‟s Process. The objective of the present work is to
prepare copper red mud composite specimens using conventional powder metallurgy and to determine green
characteristics of these compacts
An Experimental Investigation of Partial Replacement of Cement by Various Per...IJERA Editor
Over 15 million tons of fly ash (FA) and 3 million tons of phospho-gypsum (PG) are produced every year. The utilization of these industrial by-product materials is important in terms of environmental and economical issues are concerned. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the technical possibilities of incorporating FA and PG in production of concrete .In this study Combination of FA and PG is use as a mineral admixture with, phosphogypsum 0%., 5%,10%, 15% and fly ash is constant as 20% , Last proportion was taken PG- 5% and FA- 25%. . The compressive, tensile and flexural strength are studied by casting and testing specimens for 7, 14 and 28 days. It is shown that a part of ordinary Portland cement can be replaced with PG and FA to develop a good and hardened concrete to achieve economy; above 10% replacement of phosphogypsum and 20% replacement of F in concrete lead to drastic reduction not only in the compressive strength but also in Flexural and split tensile strength of concrete.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effects of Tribological Parameters on Slurry Erosion Behaviour of Uncoated an...Sunil Kumar
This paper describes the pioneering work of various researchers in the field of slurry erosion behaviour of uncoated and coated materials in various industrial applications. The present study is focused on the slurry erosion behaviour of ash slurry disposal system of thermal power plants. The key components such as impeller and casing of ash slurry disposal pumps in thermal power plants experience this phenomenon of wear. Tribological parameters such as solid particle concentration, impact velocity of erodent on the target surface, impact angle, erodent particle size and shape, hardness of the striking particles and target material, etc. are responsible for slurry erosion. The research results show that the influence of tribological parameters on the slurry erosion is found to be significant and need to be evaluated and analyzed properly. The slurry erosion can be minimized by proper selection of materials and/or by providing the suitable protective coating on the material which can enhance the surface properties.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
EFFECTIVENESS OF ULTRA-FINE GROUND SLAG IN CEMENT BINDERSIAEME Publication
Today it is generally recognized that the use of mineral fillers is one of significant
reserves to enhance the efficiency of binders in cost as well as to improve the
technical properties of cement composites. Mineral filler corresponding to the
Portland cement fineness often replaces part of Portland cement. This technique
allows saving Portland cement without reducing significantly the concrete strength.
The ability to obtain ultra-fine mineral fillers from industrial by-products with high
specific surface area appears with grinding technology development. Two types of
ultra-fine ground granulated blast furnace slag with average grain size equal to 4.5
µm were obtained using modern grinding equipment such as centrifugal-elliptical mill
and centrifugal dynamic classifier. Water-reducing effects of superplasticizer in
Portland cement-slag compositions depending on types, quantity and fineness of slags
as well as depending on С3А and R2О amounts in Portland cement clinker were
studied. The results of reduction of binder amount per 1 kg of superplasticizer are
presented and analyzed.
Effect of Different Types of Coarse Aggregates on Physical Properties of Most...IOSRJMCE
Aggregates are inert granular materials such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone that, along with water and binder (cement/blended cement), are an essential ingredient in concrete. For a good concrete mix, aggregates need to be clean, hard, strong particles free of absorbed chemicals or coatings of clay and other fine materials that could cause the deterioration of concrete with required shape and sizeAggregates, which account for 60 to 75 percent of the total volume of concrete, are divided into two distinct categories--fine and coarse. The most important property of concrete is its compressive strength. For the purpose of comparison of such compressive strength, three types of coarse aggregates, quartzite, granite, and river gravel, were used. The fine aggregate is normal sand obtained from a borrow pit. This experimental investigation describes the influence of aggregate type and size on the density, compressive, split tensile strength of concrete. To investigate the effect of type and size of aggregate on the compressive strength, density, split tensile strength of concrete an experimental program shall be carried out in GRIET Laboratory. Three different types with three different sizes of course aggregates shall used for developing mix design. The sizes of coarse aggregate shall be 40mm, 20mm, and 12 mm. Ordinary Portland cement is intended to be used as binding material. Different samples shall be tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength and density of concrete. Cylinders of size 150mmx150mm shall be cast in laboratory and tested in testing machines. For each type of coarse aggregate cubes of 150x150mm size to be cast to allow the compressive strength 7 and 28 days. Based on test results, conclusion shall follow
To mitigate emission of carbon dioxide and other green gases, it is necessary to develop alternative ways by which sustainable development can be improved. This paper discusses various combination of cement with hypo sludge and different size of aggregates. Hypo sludge has a very good content of Cao and thus it works as a partial replacement material in construction process. This study examines 5%, 10%, and 15% replacement of hypo sludge in place of cement in concrete for M20 and then tested for its compressive strength. The result shows that the strength of the concrete increases by adding hypo sludge up to 10%. However, further increase in hypo sludge decreases the compressive strength. Also, rate analysis has been done which concludes that the rate of the concrete decreases on replacing the cement with hypo sludge. The aim of this study is to make eco-friendly building material and to see how the concrete behaves on replacing the cement with the hypo sludge in various proportions. This study also examines the possibility of utilization of hypo sludge as a partial replacement material and it can be further used as cementitious material. It also helps with the disposal and pollution problems associated with paper industry waste
Study on the Effect of Ggbs & M Sand in Self Compacting oncretetheijes
Conventional concrete is the most widely used construction material throughout the world because of its versality, mouldability, durability, and resistance to fire and energy efficiency. However, its major disadvantages like poor tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistance to cracking resists its use as a structural material. Hence, in order to overcome these difficulties several new materials have been developed in the recent past.Admixtures are ingredients other than water, aggregates, hydraulic cement and fibers that are added to the concrete batch immediately before or during mixing. Mineral admixtures are usually added to concrete in larger amounts to enhance the workability of fresh concrete, to improve resistance of concrete to thermal cracking, alkali-aggregate expansion and sulphate attack and to enable a reduction in cement content. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of various mineral admixtures in producing SCC. In this study the scope of GGBS ( Ground granular blast furnace slag ) as a mineral admixture to some percentage replace cement in SCC were studied. The study showed that a maximum of 50% GGBS were able to be used as a mineral admixture without affecting the self-compactability
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Effects of Tribological Parameters on Slurry Erosion Behaviour of Uncoated an...Sunil Kumar
This paper describes the pioneering work of various researchers in the field of slurry erosion behaviour of uncoated and coated materials in various industrial applications. The present study is focused on the slurry erosion behaviour of ash slurry disposal system of thermal power plants. The key components such as impeller and casing of ash slurry disposal pumps in thermal power plants experience this phenomenon of wear. Tribological parameters such as solid particle concentration, impact velocity of erodent on the target surface, impact angle, erodent particle size and shape, hardness of the striking particles and target material, etc. are responsible for slurry erosion. The research results show that the influence of tribological parameters on the slurry erosion is found to be significant and need to be evaluated and analyzed properly. The slurry erosion can be minimized by proper selection of materials and/or by providing the suitable protective coating on the material which can enhance the surface properties.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
EFFECTIVENESS OF ULTRA-FINE GROUND SLAG IN CEMENT BINDERSIAEME Publication
Today it is generally recognized that the use of mineral fillers is one of significant
reserves to enhance the efficiency of binders in cost as well as to improve the
technical properties of cement composites. Mineral filler corresponding to the
Portland cement fineness often replaces part of Portland cement. This technique
allows saving Portland cement without reducing significantly the concrete strength.
The ability to obtain ultra-fine mineral fillers from industrial by-products with high
specific surface area appears with grinding technology development. Two types of
ultra-fine ground granulated blast furnace slag with average grain size equal to 4.5
µm were obtained using modern grinding equipment such as centrifugal-elliptical mill
and centrifugal dynamic classifier. Water-reducing effects of superplasticizer in
Portland cement-slag compositions depending on types, quantity and fineness of slags
as well as depending on С3А and R2О amounts in Portland cement clinker were
studied. The results of reduction of binder amount per 1 kg of superplasticizer are
presented and analyzed.
Effect of Different Types of Coarse Aggregates on Physical Properties of Most...IOSRJMCE
Aggregates are inert granular materials such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone that, along with water and binder (cement/blended cement), are an essential ingredient in concrete. For a good concrete mix, aggregates need to be clean, hard, strong particles free of absorbed chemicals or coatings of clay and other fine materials that could cause the deterioration of concrete with required shape and sizeAggregates, which account for 60 to 75 percent of the total volume of concrete, are divided into two distinct categories--fine and coarse. The most important property of concrete is its compressive strength. For the purpose of comparison of such compressive strength, three types of coarse aggregates, quartzite, granite, and river gravel, were used. The fine aggregate is normal sand obtained from a borrow pit. This experimental investigation describes the influence of aggregate type and size on the density, compressive, split tensile strength of concrete. To investigate the effect of type and size of aggregate on the compressive strength, density, split tensile strength of concrete an experimental program shall be carried out in GRIET Laboratory. Three different types with three different sizes of course aggregates shall used for developing mix design. The sizes of coarse aggregate shall be 40mm, 20mm, and 12 mm. Ordinary Portland cement is intended to be used as binding material. Different samples shall be tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength and density of concrete. Cylinders of size 150mmx150mm shall be cast in laboratory and tested in testing machines. For each type of coarse aggregate cubes of 150x150mm size to be cast to allow the compressive strength 7 and 28 days. Based on test results, conclusion shall follow
To mitigate emission of carbon dioxide and other green gases, it is necessary to develop alternative ways by which sustainable development can be improved. This paper discusses various combination of cement with hypo sludge and different size of aggregates. Hypo sludge has a very good content of Cao and thus it works as a partial replacement material in construction process. This study examines 5%, 10%, and 15% replacement of hypo sludge in place of cement in concrete for M20 and then tested for its compressive strength. The result shows that the strength of the concrete increases by adding hypo sludge up to 10%. However, further increase in hypo sludge decreases the compressive strength. Also, rate analysis has been done which concludes that the rate of the concrete decreases on replacing the cement with hypo sludge. The aim of this study is to make eco-friendly building material and to see how the concrete behaves on replacing the cement with the hypo sludge in various proportions. This study also examines the possibility of utilization of hypo sludge as a partial replacement material and it can be further used as cementitious material. It also helps with the disposal and pollution problems associated with paper industry waste
Study on the Effect of Ggbs & M Sand in Self Compacting oncretetheijes
Conventional concrete is the most widely used construction material throughout the world because of its versality, mouldability, durability, and resistance to fire and energy efficiency. However, its major disadvantages like poor tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistance to cracking resists its use as a structural material. Hence, in order to overcome these difficulties several new materials have been developed in the recent past.Admixtures are ingredients other than water, aggregates, hydraulic cement and fibers that are added to the concrete batch immediately before or during mixing. Mineral admixtures are usually added to concrete in larger amounts to enhance the workability of fresh concrete, to improve resistance of concrete to thermal cracking, alkali-aggregate expansion and sulphate attack and to enable a reduction in cement content. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of various mineral admixtures in producing SCC. In this study the scope of GGBS ( Ground granular blast furnace slag ) as a mineral admixture to some percentage replace cement in SCC were studied. The study showed that a maximum of 50% GGBS were able to be used as a mineral admixture without affecting the self-compactability
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Detect and overcome the selfish problem in wifi network using energy sharingeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Key frame extraction for video summarization using motion activity descriptorseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Analysis of river flow data to develop stage discharge relationshipeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance analysis of cmos comparator and cntfet comparator designeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental investigation on studying the flexural behaviour of geopolymer c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Geo polymer concrete is one of the emerging construction material as a substitute for conventional cement concrete, eliminating
the usage of OPC. This work is aimed to cast and testing of geopolymer slab elements with restrained edge condition. The size of
slab panel is 1m x 1m x 0.05 m. By using yield line theory, the moment of resistance and maximum deflection under flexural
loading are calculated for the of GPC slabs. Reinforcement details of these slabs are calculated using ultimate load method as
per IS code provisions. As the slab element is a composite material the experimental work is carried for determination of
mechanical properties GPC matrix and casting and testing of slab elements under UDL. Test results are compared with the
theoretical computations for bending moment and maximum deflections. The crack pattern of slabs in experimental work is also
compared with yield line patterns ( Developed for RCC).From the test results it is observed that the behaviour of GPC slabs
under flexural loading is similar to conventional concrete slabs
KeyWords: Geo Polymer Concrete, Slabs, Flexural Behavior, Yield Line Patterns , Load vs Deflections
Comparison of glass fiber reinforced concrete & geopolymer concrete with ...eSAT Journals
Abstract In the world most commonly used as well as durable material is concrete. In the field of concrete technology, glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) is the recently introduced material. GFRC has many advantages such as light weight material, steel reinforcement corrosion free and structural deterioration free. So, these are the reason the researchers all over the globe are attempting to develop high performance concrete with the use of glass fibers as well as admixtures. While the combination of fly ash, alkaline liquids, fine and coarse aggregate and glass fibers resulted in the product called as Glass Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete (GFRGC). This product has many advantages such as high early strength, corrosion and sulphate resistance and low shrinkage. The present work has compared the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength for GFRC and GFRGC. From this comparison it is observed that except for the flexural strength the normal concrete with the addition of glass fibers shown good results as compared to the geopolymer concrete with the addition of glass fibers. This work is only an accumulation of information about GFRC and the research work which is already carried out by other researchers. Key Words: GFRC, GC, Geopolymer Concrete, Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Glass Fiber Reinforcement
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Many countries are witnessing a rapid growth in the construction industry which involves the use of natural resources for the development of the inf rastructure. In order to reduce dependence on natural aggregates as the main source of aggregate in concrete,artificially manufactured aggregates and artificial aggregates generated from industrial wastes provide an alternative for the construction industry. The present study encour aged the utilization of industrial waste copper slag as replacement of natural aggregates in concre te. The results indicate that the use of copper slag in concrete increases the flexural strength of about 17% with that of control mixture. It is recommended that up to 40% of copper slag can be us e as replacement of fine aggregates.
Feasibility study of rap as aggregates in cement concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract Concrete is the basic material in all construction works and coarse aggregates constitute more than 50% of the mix. But the procurement and generation of natural aggregates is getting difficult day by day because of lack of natural source and environmental effects. In search of alternative for natural aggregates, lead to the usage of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement aggregates, which are produced abundantly due to replacement of Flexible Pavements with Rigid Pavements in India. This study is taken up to determine the variation of different properties of strength and flexural strength of concrete with natural aggregates and RAP aggregates. The cubes will be casted and tested for Strength and Flexural Strength is also determined by casting beams. The results can be analyzed to identify the importance of RAP aggregates for its effective and efficient usage for present scenario of India. The RAP Aggregates are procured from Kanmangla flyover, Bangalore. And it is checked for the effective utilization in Concrete. RAP aggregates are replaced with Natural Aggregates by 50% and 25% and evaluated. Keywords: concrete, flexural strength, compressive strength, reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP).
The present research work demonstrates the
preparation of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuO NPs) and
investigates the thermo mechanical properties of the CuO NPs
embedded in the polymer composites experimentally. In this study,
CuO NPs were produced by aqueous precipitation method and
morphology of the NPs was studied using Field Emission
Transmission Electron Microscope (FESEM). Epoxy resin and glass microsphere were considered the base material for the preparation of
the Nano based polymer composites. In order to fabricate the Nano
based polymer composites, CuO NPs with 1.0wtpercentage were
embedded in the base material by means of compression moulding
press. Nano composites proved higher thermal conductivity
enhancement rather than the base material. While comparing to the
base material, the maximum four-point bending strength of 415 MPa
was obtained from the Nano based polymer composites. The test
results obtained from the TG study revealed that an addition of CuO
NPs had acted as the thermal retardant and CuO NPs had delayed
thermal degradation of the Nano based polymer composites. Based
on the test results, it can be suggested that the newly fabricated
nanocomposites have achieved the improved thermal and mechanical
properties.
Experimental studies on performance of steel fiber and polymer modified recyc...eSAT Journals
Abstract The amount of construction waste has been dramatically increased in the last decade due to increase of population & high rise building in the country. So there is an immediate need of using the aggregate from the old demolished buildings for other construction works such as roads, canals, retaining walls ...etc. Due to the lack of natural resource and dumping areas in the country, Recycling Aggregate is playing an important role in present situations. In this project a study on M25 Grade of concrete of Natural Aggregate(NA), Recycled Aggregate(RA), 30 Kg /m3 Steel Fiber Recycled Aggregate(SFRA) (aspect ratio=50), Modified Polymer Recycled Aggregate(PMRA) (Styrene butadiene rubber polymer=5%) has been carried out with water cement ratio =0.50 In this experimental investigation total number of 12 cubes ,12 beams & 12 cylinders of size 150x150mm , 150x150x700mm , 150x300mm specimens respectively were tested for 28 days & 3 cubes of Natural Aggregate, 3 cubes of Recycled Aggregate , 3 cubes of Steel Fibre Recycled Aggregate, 3 cubes of Modified Polymer Recycled Aggregate were tested in compressive testing machine for 7 days. The project is carried out at Gurunanak engineering college, Nagpur The following tests were carried out for the above specimens for 28 days
1) Compressive test 2) Split tensile test 3) Flexure test
Key words: na=natural aggregate1, ra=recycled aggregate2, sfra=steel fiber recycled aggregate3, pmra=polymer modified recycled aggregate4, conventional concrete (cc) 5,natural aggregate concrete (nac)6 with that of recycled aggregate concrete (rac7), steel fibre recycled aggregate concrete (sfrac8), polymer modified recycled aggregate concrete (pmrac)9.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Partial replacement of coarse aggregates by expanded polystyrene beads in con...eSAT Journals
Abstract With the increase in demand for construction materials, there is a strong need to utilize alternative materials for sustainable development. The main objective of this investigation is to study the properties, such as compressive strength and tensile strengths of lightweight concrete containing Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) beads. Its properties are compared with those of the normal concrete i.e., without EPS beads. EPS beads are used as partial replacement to coarse aggregates. The results showed that the amount of polystyrene beads incorporated in concrete influences the properties of hardened concrete. At 28 days, it was found that compressive strength of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% EPS incorporated concrete strengths were 91%, 77 %, 71%, 63%, 57%, and 45%, respectively when compared to concrete with no EPS case. Key Words: Expanded polystyrene beads (EPS); Workability; Compressive strength; Splitting tensile strength;
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
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Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Design of scc mixes based on cement – sp compatibility
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 376
DESIGN OF SCC MIXES BASED ON CEMENT – SP COMPATIBILITY
STUDIES
Sayeed Ashar1
, S.Suresh2
N. Nanjundappa3
, J.K.Dattatreya4
1
Post Graduate Student, 2
Assiocate Professor, 3
Assistant Professor, 4
Research Professor, Department of Civil
Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur.
ashar.ashu786@gmail.com, siddalingaiah.suresh@gmail.com, nanjundappa60@gmailcom, jk.dattatreya@gmail.com
Abstract
In this work 4 superplasticizers were used and on the basis of the workability test on cement paste two SP’s were selected for further
studies and to compare their effects on mortar properties such as workability, compressive strength, water reduction and tensile
strength. Two different mortar mixes (1:1.5 & 1:2) were tested for three values of w/c ratio (0.3, 0.35, and 0.4) for varying SP dosage
i.e. from 0.6 to 2%. This paper presents an experimental investigation on strength aspects such as compressive, and split tensile
strength of self compacting concrete containing fly ash and workability tests (slump flow, T500mm, V-Funnel and T5min) are carried out.
The methodology adopted is that Portland cement is replaced by 0%, 35% and 50% of fly ash using two types of superplasticizers
(SNF, PCE) and performance is measured and compared.
Further Design of Self Compacting Concrete by replacing Fly ash is proposed and the studies on fresh and hardened properties were
conducted. The results showed that PCE type Superplasticizer is performing better than SNF type in terms of workability.
Keywords: Cement, Super plasticizers, mortar, SCC, Fly ash, fresh and hardened properties, compressive strength, split
tensile strength.
--------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Concrete occupies unique position among the modern
construction materials, Concrete is a material used in building
construction, consisting of a hard, chemically inert particulate
substance, known as a aggregate (usually made for different
types of sand and gravel), that is bond by cement and water.
Self-compacting concrete is a fluid mixture suitable for
placing in structures with congested Self Compacting
Concrete is innovative concrete which can reduce the amount
of cementitious materials and total volume of concrete
required. It is a fluid mixture which can flow under its own
weight, completely filling formwork and achieving full
compaction in structures even with congested reinforcement.
Also the use of SCC increases the speed of construction and
reduces the noise. If the mineral admixtures replace a part of
the Portland cement, the cost of self-compacting concrete will
be reduced especially if the mineral admixtures are waste or
industrial by-product such as fly ash which is a by-product of
the combustion of pulverized coal in thermal power plants.
Therefore use of fly ash not only provides economical benefits
but also reduces heat of hydration Henceforth replacing of
Portland cement with fly ash can reduce the production of
CO2. Addition of SP reduces the water content of the concrete
which leads to higher durability, in addition to better
mechanical integrity of the structure. The successful
production of self – compacting concrete (SCC) for use, is
depended on arriving at an appropriate balance between the
yield stress and the viscosity of the paste.
In The present study 4 superplasticizers were used and on the
basis of the workability test on cement paste two SP’s were
selected for further studies and to compare their effects on
mortar properties such as workability, compressive strength,
water reduction and tensile strength. Two different mortar
mixes (1:1.5 & 1:2) were tested for three values of w/c ratio
(0.3, 0.35, and 0.4) for varying SP dosage i.e. from 0.6 to 2%.
This paper presents an experimental investigation on strength
aspects such as compressive, and split tensile strength of self
compacting concrete containing fly ash and workability tests
(slump flow, T500mm, V-Funnel and T5min) are carried out.
The methodology adopted is that Portland cement is replaced
by 0%, 35% and 50% of fly ash using two types of
superplasticizers (SNF, PCE) and performance is measured
and compared. Further Design of Self Compacting Concrete
by replacing Fly ash is proposed and the studies on fresh and
hardened properties were conducted. The results showed that
PCE type Superplasticizer is performing better than SNF type
in terms of workability. The mixes are designed as per
EFNARC guidelines to meet the requirement of self
compacting concrete. The mixes belong to class 2 as per
Walraven’s classification, which is adopted by EFNARC for
self compatibility.
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology
__________________________________________________________________________________________
IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @
Cement exhibit variable characteristics depending on the
location and quality of raw material, manufacturing process
dry/wet, grinding and temperature. Varieties of
different physical and chemical properties are available in the
market. As a result there will be variability in interaction with
different cement and SP’s that can have an adverse effect on
flash setting, delayed setting, rapid slump loss, impro
strength gain, inordinate cracking etc. collectively called as
incompatibility of cement –SP combination.
assessed only by an experimental investigation.
every brand and batch of cement compatible SP combination
should be identified based on test. The variation of SP on
cement can vary from batch to batch of cement and for
different SP’s. In the present study there are four types of
superplasticizer’s are used two of them are
naphthalene formaldehyde based i.e. (Rh
2. METHODOLOGY AND MATERIALS:
The materials used for this study includes:
ether and sulphonated naphthalene formaldehyde
superplasticizer complying with ASTM C-
used.
2.1 Materials Used
2.1.1 Cement
Ordinary Portland cement (Grade 53) was used. Its physical
properties are as given below.
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
Cement exhibit variable characteristics depending on the
location and quality of raw material, manufacturing process-
Varieties of SP’s with
different physical and chemical properties are available in the
As a result there will be variability in interaction with
different cement and SP’s that can have an adverse effect on
flash setting, delayed setting, rapid slump loss, improper
strength gain, inordinate cracking etc. collectively called as
SP combination. This can be
assessed only by an experimental investigation. Therefore for
every brand and batch of cement compatible SP combination
The variation of SP on
cement can vary from batch to batch of cement and for
In the present study there are four types of
superplasticizer’s are used two of them are Sulphonated
based i.e. (Rheobuild 1125,
Conplast 430) and other two were Polycarboxylate ether type
F (Auramix 400, Glenium 6100).on the basis of workability
test on cement paste two SP’s were selected for further studies
as shown in figure 2 and figure 3
Sand were used i.e. Natural sand (N1), Natural sand
Manufactured sand (M). The text
6. On the basis of the workability test we shortlisted
Manufactured Sand for further studies
1.1 Scope of the Study
The main aim of the project is to select the SP type and dosage
required from compatibility studies based on the tests.
of SCC mixes for selected
to achieve the target performance characteristics
fresh and hardened properties of concrete
Fig.1 Scope of the study
MATERIALS:
The materials used for this study includes: Polycarboxylate
ether and sulphonated naphthalene formaldehyde based
-494 type F, was
Ordinary Portland cement (Grade 53) was used. Its physical
Table 1 physical properties of cement
Properties Results
Fineness 9
Consistency 28%
Initial setting
time
105 min >
Final setting time 310 <
Specific gravity 3.15
eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
377
ast 430) and other two were Polycarboxylate ether type
F (Auramix 400, Glenium 6100).on the basis of workability
test on cement paste two SP’s were selected for further studies
as shown in figure 2 and figure 3. In this study three types of
Sand were used i.e. Natural sand (N1), Natural sand (N2) and
Manufactured sand (M). The texture of sand is shown in figure
n the basis of the workability test we shortlisted
Manufactured Sand for further studies as shown in table 5.
The main aim of the project is to select the SP type and dosage
required from compatibility studies based on the tests. Design
of SCC mixes for selected range of control parameters, so as
to achieve the target performance characteristics .Study of
properties of concrete
physical properties of cement
Results obtained IS:8112-1989
specification
10 mm
28% -
105 min > 30 min
310 < 600 min
3.15 -
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 378
2.1.2 Fly Ash:
Class F Fly ash obtained from “Raichur Thermal Power
Station, Karnataka state, India. The physical and chemical
properties of fly ash are given in the above Table 2
respectively.
Table 2 Chemical properties of Fly ash
3. TESTS ON MATERIALS
Constituents of the concrete mix namely the coarse aggregate
(granite), fine aggregate (sharp sand), and cement (Ordinary
Portland cement), water and chemicals. The granite used was
well graded, free from unwanted particles and of 12.5mm and
20mm sizes while the sharp sand consisted of 5mm sized
particles on average. The tests carried out include tests on the
coarse (granite) aggregates, sieve analysis of the fine (sharp
sand) aggregate, workability tests, and crushing test on the
concrete cubes. The sieve analyses of the coarse aggregates
and fine aggregates (sand) are given in Table 3. The size of
aggregates was between 4.75 to 9.5mm. The water absorption
of the aggregate was 18.02%, and the fineness modulus of the
sand was 2.76, specific gravity was 2.68, and absorption value
was 2.94. Type ΙΙ Portland cement was used in all mixes with
a specific gravity of 3.15. The 0%, 35% and 50% fly ash by
mass of cementitious materials as cement replacement was
used. A polycarboxylic ether (PCE) and sulphonated
napthelene formaldhyde (SNF) superplasticizer was
incorporated in all mixture; the PCE used was in the liquid
form with a specific gravity of 1.13 and solid content of
38.4%.where as SNF used was with specific gravity 1.22 and
solid content of42.8.To enhance the stability of SCC also filler
(lime stone powder) with the nominal particle size of 0.15 and
0.3mm was used. sand, lime stone powder, cement, and fly ash
were mixed first for 1 min, and then Superplasticizer that was
mixed in water was added (due to high value of water
observation. several attempts were made to find out the way of
adding SP and water content of the mixture, and finally it was
found that the SP mixed in total water is a good solution when
one is used aggregate in the SCC). Then all the materials were
mixed for 2 to 4 minutes. Several design procedure based on
scientific theories or (1) empirical experience have been
proposed for normal SCC [1]. In general, these procedures fall
into the following two categories: (1) combination of super-
plasticizer and high content of mineral powders and (2)
combination of superplasticizer. Table 3 gives the gradation of
sands and Table 4 gives the gradation of coarse aggregate.
Table 3 Fine aggregate gradation
Table 4 Coarse aggregate gradation
Sl No Properties Results
1 silica 58.58
2 Iron oxide 3.42
3 alumina 28.2
4 CaO 2.23
5 MgO 0.32
6 SO3 0.07
7 Alkalies(K2O) 1.26
8 (Na2O) 0.58
sievesize
%passing
20mm
%passing
12.5mm
60%20mm&
40%12.5mm
is383-1970grading
limitsforCA
20 91.84 100 95.09 95-100
10 2.62 88.19 36.84 25-55
4.75 0 3.81 1.83 0-10
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 379
3.1 Test on Mortar
Table 5 V-funnel test on M-sand Mini slump cone test on
cement paste
Fig.2 Marsh Cone Test for different SP’s
Table 6 Flow table test on M-sand
Fig. 3 Mini Slump Cone Test for different SP’s
Table 7: Mini slump cone test on different Sands: 4.75mm -
0.075mm
Table 8: Results of Fresh properties of SCC
0
10
20
30
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5
Timeinsec
% sp/c
Marsh Cone Test Results
Glenium
auramax
rheobuild
conplast
0
10
20
30
40
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
SpreadDiaincm
% sp/c
Mini Slump Cone Test Results
Spreadincm
W/c Sp/C N1sand N2sand Msand
0.4 1% 18 8 9
0.4 1.20% 19 8.8 10.1
0.4 1.40% 20.2 9.4 10.9
0.4 1.60% 21.4 10.1 12.6
0.4 1.80% 22.1 12.1 13.9
0.4 2% 23.5 14 15.2
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 380
3.2 Texture of Sand:
Fig.4 Flow table Fig.5 V-funnel N1- sand N2-sand M-sand Fig.6 Texture for Different Sands
Slump flow test V-funnel test
Fig.7 Workability test on concrete
T
500mm
: time taken for concrete to reach the 500 mm spread
circle.
T
f
: V-funnel flow time after keeping the concrete in
funnel for 10 sec.
T
5min
: V-funnel flow time after keeping the concrete in
funnel for 5 min.
The flowability of the fresh concrete can be tested with the V-
funnel test, whereby the flow time is measured, figure 8.The
funnel is filled with about 12 litres of concrete and the time
taken for it to flow through the apparatus is measured. Further,
T5minis also measured with V-funnel, which indicates the
tendency for segregation, wherein the funnel can be refilled
with concrete and left for 5 minutes to settle. If the concrete
shows segregation, the flow time will increase significantly.
4. WORKABILITY TEST ON THE MORTAR AND
CONCRETE
A total of 108 cubes were cast comprising of control cubes
and cubes containing 0.9% to 1.2% SP by weight of cement. A
mix ratio of 1:1.5:2.4 (that is 1.65kg of cement, 2.47kg of sand
and 3.96kg of granite) was used to produce the self-
compacting concrete. For mortar, total of 144 cubes were cast
comprising of control of cubes and cubes containing 0.6%
to2% SP by weight of cement. This was batched by weight.
After the mixing of the batched material, water was added and
mixed thoroughly with shovel to achieve a homogenous mix
and then the cubes were moulded (figure 9) and cured in a
curing tank for the durations as shown in Table 1.
4.1 Testing of Samples
To study the effect of addition of the superplasticizers on the
workability, compressive strength, water absorption and
tensile strength the following tests procedures used. Crushing
tests were performed on the mortar, concrete cubes to
determine their compressive strengths. After curing for 3, 7,
and 28 days and Split cylinders tests were used to check the
tensile strength of mortar and concrete mixes at 28 days of
age. The load was applied to the cubes through hydraulic
operation of the machine until failure occurred. The
corresponding peak load and stresses at this point were
recorded and used to determine the average compressive
strength.
6. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 381
4.2 Compressive Strength of Mortar and Concrete
Figure 8: Compressive strength V/s curing days for mortar mix of 1:1.5 cement sand ratio
Figure 9: Compressive strength V/s curing days for mortar mix of 1:2 cement sand ratio
Figure 10: comparison of compressive strength of concrete Vs curing days
0
20
40
60
80
3 7 28
compressive
strengthN/mm²
Curing Days
SNF
0
20
40
60
80
3 7 28
compressive
strengthN/mm²
Curing Days
PCE
0
20
40
60
3 7 28
compressivestrength
N/mm²
Curing Days
SNF
0
20
40
60
3 7 28
compressivestrength
N/mm²
Curing Days
PCE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
3 7 28
compressivestrengthN/mm²
Curing Days
0% FA, Rb
35% FA, Rb
50% FA, Rb
0% FA, Au
35% FA, Au
50% FA, Au
7. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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5. SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF MORTAR
AND CONCRETE:
Table 9 Tensile strength of mortar
Fig.11 Tensile strength of Concrete
6. MIX-DESIGN
The Japanese concept for design of SCC is based on a method
proposed by Okamura and Ozawa [2] . The authors have
proposed a simple mix-proportioning system assuming general
supply from ready-mixed concrete plants. The coarse and fine
aggregate contents are fixed so that selfcompactability can be
achieved easily by adjusting the water to powder volume ratio
and superplasticizer dosage only. The mixed design as
proposed is:
• Coarse aggregate content is fixed at 50% of the solid
volume;
• Fine aggregate content is fixed at 40% of the mortar volume;
• Water-powder ratio in volume is assumed as 0.9 to 1.0
depending on the properties of the powder; and
• Superplasticizer dosage and the final water-powder ratio are
determined so as to ensure the self-compactability.
The value of water to powder volume ratio (Vw/Vp) is
optimized by mortar flow test and Mortar Funnel Test.
Takada [3] considered the slump flow value of 650±30 mm
and the V-funnel time of 11±2 s as adequate value for the
workable SCC.
CONCLUSIONS
As a result of this experimental study, the following
conclusions could be made: The workability of Mortar
depends mainly on the type of SPs used. In this study
Polycarboxylate based and Napthelene based SP’s are used,
especially PCE, showed better results in improving the
workability of Mortar, as determined by both of the
workability tests. The chemical admixtures adversely affect
the setting time of mortars. Among the mineral admixtures,
however, PCE based SP increased the setting time of the
mortars.
Concrete
The observations and test results have revealed that the
properties of self compacting Concrete in fresh and hardened
stages have been improved with the addition of both types of
Superplaticiser’s for all nominal mixes of concretes. The
contributions of Polymer based SP are however more
pronounced in terms of increase in the compressive strength,
workability and reduction in the water requirements of
concretes. It could be concluded that, workability of SCC has
been increased significantly with the addition of SP. Obtained
results indicated that increasing dosage of SP to 2.0% by
weight of cement improved the performance of concrete and
contributed more to the improvement of its transportability
properties, but at the same time has considerably reduced
water/cement (W/C) ratio. On the basis of the studies carried
out on concrete, it can be concluded that:
The proper selection of superplasticizer is necessary,
which should be compatible with the cement used.
The amount of water reduction increases with the dosage
of superplasticizer. However the slump flow increases
with the decrease in elapse time when the dosage of
superplasticizer is higher.
At the water/powder ratio of 1.180 to 1.215, slump flow
test and V-funnel test results were found to be
satisfactory, i.e. passing ability, filling ability and are well
within the limits.
Trail mixes have to be made for maintaining flowability,
self compatibility and obstruction clearance.
Almost all the mixtures produced belonged to class 2 as
per Walraven’s classification, which is adopted by
EFNARC.
By using the OPC 53 grade, normal strength of 40 MPa to
60 MPa at 28-days was obtained, keeping the cement
content around 225 kg/m
3
to 450 kg/m
3
.
From the observations it was found that nearly half of the
compressive strength is gained in 3 days and 2/3rd of the
strength in 7 days curing which satisfies IS: 456-2000.
The compressive and tensile strength of superplasticized
SCC concrete are higher than those of conventional
concrete of the same consistency. The test results were
found to be within the prescribed limits.
0
1
2
3
4
5
Tesnilestrength
N/mm²
% Variation of Fly ash
0% FA, Rb
35% FA, Rb
50% Fa, Rb
0% FA, Au
35% FA, Au
50% Fa, Au
8. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 383
REFERENCES
[1] “EFNARC (European Federation of national trade
associations representing producers and applicators of
specialist building products)” (2002), Specification and
Guidelines for self-compacting concrete, Hampshire,
U.K.
[2] K Ozawa, M Kunishima, K Maekawa and K Ozawa,
(1989) “Development of High Performance Concrete
Based on Durability Design of Concrete Structures”.
Proceeding of East-Asai and Pacific Conference on
Structural Engineering and Construction (EASEC-2),
vol:1, pp. 445-450.
[3] K Takada, G I Pelova and J C W Walraven, (1999)
“Influence of Chemical Admixtures and Mixing on the
Mix Proportion of General Purpose Self-Compacting
Concrete”. International Congress ‘Creating with
Concrete’, University of Dundee, UK, September pp. 6-
10.
[4] Khayat K.H, Ghezal A, (1999) “Utility of Statistical
models in Proportioning Self-Compacting Concrete”,
Proceedings, RILEM International symposium on Self-
Compacting Concrete, Stockholm, pp. 345-359.
[5] Ramachndran,V.S, (1981)“Influence of
Superplasticisers on hydration of Cement" Third
International Conference on Polymers in Concrete.
[6] H Okamura and K Ozawa, (1995) ‘Mix Design for Self-
Compacting Concrete’. Concrete Library of JSCE, pp.
107-120.
CODE REFERENCE
[1] IS 10262:2009, “Recommended Guidelines for
Concrete Mix Design”.
[2] IS 383:1970, “Specification for coarse and fine
aggregates from natural sources for concrete”.
[3] IS 9103:1999, “Concrete Admixtures – Specification”.
[4] IS 12269:1987, “Specification for 53 grade ordinary
Portland cement”.