Economic geology is the study of economically valuable materials from the Earth, such as fuels and metals. It is a branch of geology that is of interest to industry and the economy. Economic geology utilizes tools from other branches of geology, including geochemistry, mineralogy, geophysics, petrology, and structural geology to understand the distribution and formation of resources. While studied by geologists, economic geology also impacts other fields like engineering, environmental science, and finance due to the wide-reaching effects of extractive industries.