This document provides an introduction to geology and its importance from a civil engineering perspective. It discusses the definitions and branches of geology, including mineralogy, petrology, geophysics, stratigraphy, physical geology, hydrogeology, and structural geology. The branches study minerals, rocks, the structure and evolution of the Earth, rock layers and ages, geological processes and landforms, groundwater, and rock structures. The document emphasizes the importance of geology for civil engineers for site selection, understanding construction materials and ground conditions, planning projects, and treating geological features like faults or joints that could impact stability. A foundation in the introduction to geology and key branches is important for civil engineers.

1. ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
UNIT: 1 INTRODUCTION & WEATHERING OF ROCKS
Geology & its branches
Importance of Geology from Civil Engineering point of view
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2. Definitions of Geology & its branches
GEOLOGY (in Greek, Geo means Earth, Logos
means Science) is a branch of science dealing
with the study of the Earth. It is also known as
earth science
The study of the earth as a whole, its origin,
structure, composition and the nature of the
processes which have given rise to its present
position is called as geology
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3. Geology
Mineralogy
Petrology
Geophysics
Stratigraphy
Physical Geology
Hydrogeology
Structural Geology Engineering Geology
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4. The study of the characters of minerals
(eg: Quartz, mica, chlorite, garnet) is known as
Mineralogy
A mineral is a naturally occurring homogeneous
substance, inorganically formed with a definite
chemical composition, with a certain physical
properties and crystalline structures
Mineralogy
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9. Note: Coal, oil etc are considered as minerals
though they arises by organic matter under
exceptional conditions
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10. Petrology
The study of rocks in all their aspects including
their mineralogies, textures, structures
(systematic description of rocks in hand specimens);
origin and their relationships to other rocks
IGNEOUS ROCKS SEDIMENTARY ROCKS METAMORPHIC ROCKS
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11. IGNEOUS
ROCKS
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12. GRANITE
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13. SYENITE
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14. DIORITE
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15. DUNITE
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16. GABBRO
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17. PERIDOTITE
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18. kimberlite
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19. Dolerite
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20. BASALT
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21. RHYOLITE
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22. SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
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23. SANDSTONE
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24. GREYWACKE
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25. LIMESTONE
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26. SHALE
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27. METAMORPHIC
ROCKS
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28. GNEISS
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29. SCHIST
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30. The section of the earth
which include the
structure, physical
conditions and
evolutionary history of the
earth
as a whole
Geophysics
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31. Structural Geology
is the study of rock
structures such as
folds, faults, joints
etc that have
resulted from
movements and
deformation of the
earth’s crust
Structural Geology
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32. NORMAL FAULT
Normal faults are caused by tensional stresses
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34. Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy of cuddapah basin
The study of the stratified rocks (beds)
especially their sequence in time,
the character of the rocks and
correlation of these stratified rocks at
different localities
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35. Physical Geology: It deals with the geological
processes which bring about changes in the
crust and upon the surface of the earth. It
also deals with the topography of the earth
Geological
processes
Changes in the
crust
Topography Formation of river
Physical geology
It deals with the geological processes which bring about changes in the crust and
upon the surface of the earth. It also deals with the topography of the earth8/29/2020 35

36. Hydrogeology is the
the study of the
geological factors
relating to earth’s
water (groundwater)
Hydrogeology
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37. The principles and methods of geology is adopted for the
purpose of civil engg operations.
Broadly speaking, engg geology has two divisions:
•The study of raw materials
•The study of the geological characteristics of the area.
Engineering
Geology
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38. Importance of Geology from
Civil Engineering point of view
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39. •Before constructing roads, bridges, tunnels, tanks,
reservoirs and buildings, selection of site is important
from the point of stability of foundation
•The foundation of dams, bridges and buildings are
directly related with geology of the area where they are
to be built
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40. •Geology provides a systematic knowledge of
construction materials and their properties.
•The knowledge of ground water is necessary in
connection with excavation works,
water supply,
irrigation &
other purposes
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41. •Geological maps and sections help considerably in planning
many engineering projects
•If the geological features like folds, faults, joints etc are found,
they have to be suitably treated
Hence, the stability of the rock structures is important
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42. Study of minerals, rocks and soils forms
the first step in civil engg point of view
Hence, a civil engineer should know the
introduction of Geology and branches and
importance of a few branches such as
Physical Geology, Petrology; Structural
Geology and so on
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43. Thank you
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