This document summarizes a questionnaire-based study on vector-borne diseases and seasonal illnesses among the public during the monsoon season in Pakistan. It includes an introduction to public health and the importance of monitoring health status. During monsoons, common illnesses include malaria, typhoid, hepatitis A, leptospirosis, diarrhea, skin diseases, and dengue. The study collected demographic data and information on disease prevalence from 30 respondents. The majority reported suffering from common colds/coughs, diarrhea, and seasonal illnesses. Recommendations include preventing fungal infections, washing hands, avoiding getting wet in the rain, and not walking barefoot.

2. A Questionnaire Base Study On
VBDs & Seasonal Diseases in
Public In Monsoon Season
Zainab Arshad
BS hons, Environmental Sciences
University of Gujrat, Pakistan

3. Table of content
• Public health
 Definition
 Functions of public health
 Public health approach
 Importance of public health
 Public health professionals
• Monsoon season
 Diseases of monsoon season
• Results of survey study
 Objectives
 Demographic information
 Formal information
 Types of diseases
• Remediation’s
• Conclusions
• Questioner
• References

4. Public Health
•Public Health is a
science or art of
preventing disease,
prolonging life through
organized efforts of
society.

5. Functions of Public Health
• Monitor health status
• Diagnose and investigate health problems
• Inform, Educate and empower people
about health issues.
• Mobilize community partnerships to
identify and solve health problems.
• Develop police and plans that support
individual and community health efforts.
• Enforce laws and regulations that protect
health and ensure safety.
• Link people to needed personal health
services and assure the provision of
health care.
• Assure a competent public health care
workforce.
• Research for new insights and innovative
solutions to health problems

6. Public Health Approach
• Implement interventions to improve the
health of the population.
• Monitor those interventions to assess their
effectiveness.
• Requires the collection, analysis, and
interpretation of data to define the
problem and outline What, where, when,
who, how …
• The potential for
prevention or control
frequently requires plan,
champion, strategy or
method, Funding After
implementation, the cycle
begins again, but this time
to evaluate the program
result

7. Importance of Public health
• The work of Public Health Professionals is important because public
health initiatives affect people every day in every part of the world.
• It addresses broad issues that can affect the health and wellbeing of
individuals, families, communities, population and societies both now and
for generations to come.
• The focus of public health intervention is to improve health and quality of
life through prevention and treatment of diseases and other physical and
mental health conditions.

8. Public health professionals
• Physicians specializing in public
health.
• Community medicine.
• Psychologists.
• Medical assistants.
• Assistant medical officers
• Public health nurses.
• Midwives.
• Environmental health officers.
• Public health inspectors.
• Pharmacists.
• Nutritionist.
• Public health engineers.
• Public health lawyers

9. Monsoon season
• Monsoon is traditionally defined as a
seasonal reversing wind accompanied by
corresponding changes in precipitation, but
is now used to describe seasonal changes in
atmospheric circulation and precipitation
associated with the asymmetric heating of
land and sea.
• The monsoon season begins on June 15 and
ends on September 30. But the storms peak
between mid-July and mid-August.

10. Diseases of
Monsoon
season
• Common cold, cough, and
viral fever.
• Malaria , Typhoid.
• Hepatitis A , Leptospirosis.
• Diarrhea, Skin problems.
• Stomach infection, Dengue

11. Common Cold
Cough And Viral
Fever:
One of the biggest reason of major
absenteeism in the monsoon is
common cold this is common due to
viruses that thrives in humid
conditions.

12. Malaria
• One of the most common monsoon related disease
malaria is caused by certain species of mosquitoes
breeding in dirty water. It is characterized by fever body
ache, chills and sweating.
• If untreated it can lead to Jaundice, severe anemia or
even kidney or liver failure. Malaria is a mosquito-
borne disease caused by a parasite.
• People with malaria often experience fever, chills, and
flu-like illness. Left untreated, they may develop severe
complications and die.

13. Typhoid
Prolonged fever lasting
for more than five days,
headache, diarrhea and
abdominal pain. this is
mostly spread via
contaminated food or
water. To avoid it stop
eating outside food.

14. Hepatitis A
• This viral disease occurred through
contaminated food and water and symptoms
include an increase in temperature of body,
body ache, joint pain, loss of appetite, nausea,
and vomiting, yellowish of skin nails and eyes
also observed.
• Best way to avoid Hepatitis A is to stick eating
homemade food and pure water.

15. Leptospirosis
•One of the most common Ailment of
this season, this is caused by walking in
dirty water with higher chances of
infection especially when u have a skin
injury. This bacterial disease is caused
•due to rats symptoms include high fever,
chills, headache, body ache, followed by
nausea,vomiting, and abdominal pain.

16. Diarrhea
• When diarrhea is caused by food
contaminated with bacteria or parasites
it is often referred to as food poisoning.
• When symptoms start try to rest more
and switch to a diet of clear liquids. To
ease stomach cramps, use heating pads

17. Skin diseases
•All dermatologists say in the
monsoon, our skin needs extra
pampering.
•As Dandruff is very common in the
monsoon due to humidity.
Breakouts, acne and bacterial
infections are aggravated by wet
clothes.
•Fungal infections like ringworm
also occurred. Many other diseases
of skin also occur in this season.

18. Dengue
• The disease has also been termed
"break bone" or "dandy fever"
because the unusually severe
muscle and joint pains can make
people assume distorted body
positions or exaggerated walking
movements in an effort to reduce
their pain

19. Results And Discussions
• Objectives
• Demographic information
• Formal information
• Types of diseases

20. Objectives
• As monsoon season not only refresh every living
being after dealing with the sizzling heat of
summers but even brings diseases along with it.
• so we have done questionnaire study to study the
condition of Gujrat people in this monsoon
season.
• We will study the effect and diseases caused by
this season.

21. Demographic information
The total number of questionnaires distributed
was 30 and 30 are completed forms were
collected. Demographic data including age,
Marital status, Income (per month), Area ,
Family members respondents are shown in
figures

22. Types of disease
Do you suffer from malaria in this season? 50% 50%
Every season do you suffer from monsoon diseases? 80% 20%
Do you suffer from cholera? 36.6% 63.3%
Do you suffer from viral fever or typhoid? 46.6% 53.3%
Do you suffer from dengue? 23.3% 76.6%
Do you suffer from jaundice? 16.6% 83.3%
Do you suffer from leptospirosis? 10% 90%
Do you suffer from stomach infection gastroenteritis? 36.6% 63.3%
Do you suffer from cold or cough? 80% 20%
Do you suffer from diarrhea? 86.6% 13.3%
Do you suffer from pneumonia? 40% 60%
Do you suffer from any skin allergy in this season? 43% 56.6%

23. Remediation’s
 During monsoon, special attention is
required to prevent fungal feet.
Keep them dry.
 Opt for open shoes during hot and
humid days to prevent fungal feet.
 Do not wear wet clothes for long to
prevent fungal infections of the skin
or nails

24. Remediation’s
 Diabetics should not walk bare foot since the soil on which they walk is a reservoir of all types of
germs.
 Wash your hands before handling food, after eating food and after visiting the toilet.
 Avoid motorcycling in the rain if possible. Those who must ride should take extra precautions.
 Slow down. Rain causes oil in the road to rise to the surface. Water and oil make the road both
wet and slick.
 Cover your nose while travelling on a bike/while seated next to the window in a bus or train.
 Avoid getting wet in the rain.

25. Conclusion
• In monsoon diseases following diseases come: malaria, cholera, viral fever
or typhoid, dengue, jaundice, leptospirosis, stomach infection
gastroenteritis, cold or cough, diarrhea, pneumonia, skin allergy etc.
• Diseases also caused due to contaminated water.
• People mostly used allopathic method for cure

26. References:
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• Patz, J. A., Epstein, P. R., Burke, T. A., & Balbus, J. M. (1996). Global climate change
and emerging infectious diseases. Jama, 275(3), 217-223.
• Beniston, M. (2004). The 2003 heat wave in Europe: A shape of things to come? An
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Research Letters, 31(2).
• Stott, P. A., Stone, D. A., & Allen, M. R. (2004). Human contribution to the European
heatwave of 2003. Nature, 432(7017), 610-614.