This document provides an overview of public health. It defines public health as maintaining, protecting, and improving population health through organized community efforts. The core functions of public health include preventing diseases, responding to disasters, promoting healthy behaviors, and monitoring health status. Public health takes a population-based approach and focuses on prevention, while the medical model focuses on individual treatment. Key public health problems addressed include communicable and non-communicable diseases. Major public health achievements have resulted in vaccines, reduced heart disease deaths, and recognition of tobacco as a health hazard. The document also outlines the scopes and roles of various public health organizations.

1. PUBLIC HEALTH
Dipesh Shrestha
(Public Health Student)
(Purbanchal University Of Health Sciences)

2. “PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE”

3. PUBLIC HEALTH
“The science and art maintaining, protecting, and improving the health of the people through organized
community effort.”
--American Medical Association
(CEA Winslow, 1920)
“The process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and thereby
improve their health.”
--Ottwa charter, WHO,1986
“The process of mobilizing and engaging local, state, national, and international resources to assure
conditions in which people can be healthy.”
-- The Oxford Textbook of Public Health

4. Core Activities Of Public Health
1. Prevents epidemics and the spread of diseases
2. Protect against environmental hazards
3. Responds to disaster and assists communities in recovery
4. Prevent injuries
5. Promotes healthy behavior
6. Assures the quality, accessibility and accountability of health
services
7. Monitoring the health status of the population
8. Mobilizing community action
9. Researching to develop new insights and innovative solutions
10.Researching out to link high risk and hard to reach people to
needed services
11.Leading the development of sound healthy policy and planning
CORE FUNCTIONS AND CORE ACTIVITIES OF PUBLIC HEALTH
Core functions of public health Core Activities Of Public Health

5. Public Health Model vs Medical Model
PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACH VS MEDICAL APPROACH
PUBLIC HEALTH
MODEL
MEDICAL
MODEL
• Population
• Diseases prevention
• Health Promotion
• Interventions
 Environment
 Human
behaviour
• Protection
• Control of diseases
• Encouragement to
people about healthy
life
• Individual
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Intervention
 Medical care
• Rehabilitation
• Discharging
• Certification(in
case of death)

6. TIP OF ICEBERG CONCEPT
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
Patients in Hospitals
(What medical personnel looks
after)
Patients in community
• Mild or No symptoms
• Self Rx
• Rx elsewhere
(What public health personnel
looks after)
What the Physician sees
What the public Health
Professional sees

7. PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS AND DISEASES
Communicable diseases
Non communicable diseases
Maternal child health problems
Malnutrition
Municipal and hospital waste
Geriatric health problems
Population problems
Cancer
Influenza
Tuberculosis
Cholera
Dengue
Malaria
HIV/AIDS
Obesity

8. PUBLIC HEALTH ACHIEVEMENTS
Vaccination
Control of infectious diseases
Decline of deaths from coronary heart
Safer and healthier foods (Balanced diet
food)
Family planning
Fluoridation of drinking water
Recognition of tobacco use as health
hazard
Eradication of polio and smallpox
A lots of different vaccines are being provided to people across the world to be
save from different harmful diseases.
Different infectious diseases like Ebola, Corona has been controlled by health
professionals.
Globally the rate of coronary heart diseases decline from 6.2% to6%.
Safer and healthier foods supplies enough nutrients to our body to work to high
performance.
Family planning reduces the fertility and improve maternal child health.
Fluoridation of water keeps the teeth strong and reduces cavities.
WHO recognized the use of tobacco cause diseases, disability and also leads to
death.
Polio was eradicated in 2000 from Nepal and Smallpox was eradicated from world
in 1980.

9. SCOPES OF PUBLIC HEALTH
Computer and information system manager in healthcare
Health and safety engineer
Public health attorney
Emergency management officer
Health administration
Health economist
Epidemiologist
Biostatistician
Nutritionist and Dietitian
Environment health scientist
Public health adviser
Health management specialist
Public health nurse
Program director
Social and community service manager

10. PUBLIC HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS
Governmental NGO INGO Others
• District health office
• Public health office
• Regional health
directorate
• Regional training center
• Department of health
services
• Ministry of health and
population
• Primary health care
• NFHP
• FPAN
• Nepal Red
cross society
• PLAN Nepal
• WASH
• CARE
• United mission
to Nepal
• Save the children
• Marie stops
international
• Family health
international
• United Nations
• WHO
• WFP
• FAO
• UNICEF
• UNDP
• Academic institutions
• Research organizations
• Quality control office
• Health training
institutions
• Local development
offices

11. “Health care is vital to all of us some of the time, but public health is vital to all of us all the time.”
-C.Everett Koop
“When it comes to global health, There is no ‘THEM’ only ‘US’.”
-Global Health council
The main goal of public health is to maintain healthy life to all people around the world.

12. THANK YOU