Health services consist of medical professionals, organizations, and workers who provide care to those in need. They cover emergency, preventative, rehabilitative, long-term, hospital, diagnostic, primary, palliative, and home care centered around making healthcare accessible, high quality and patient-centered. There are four main types of health services: promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative. Promotive services enable people to improve their health through education, environmental initiatives, and lifestyle changes. Preventive services aim to prevent disease through immunization, family planning, and controlling infectious diseases. Curative services detect and treat diseases, while rehabilitative services help restore functional ability through medical, vocational, economic and social

2. Health Services
• Health services consist of medical professionals, organizations, and ancillary
health care workers who provide medical care to those in need.
• Health services serve patients, families, communities, and populations. They
cover emergency, preventative, rehabilitative, long-term, hospital, diagnostic,
primary, palliative, and home care.
• These services are centered around making health care accessible, high quality,
and patient-centered.
• Many different types of care and providers are necessary in order to offer
successful health services.

3. Types of Health Services
• There are Four Types of Health Service
Promotive Health Services Preventive Health Services Curative Health Services
Rehabilitative Health
Services

4. Promotive Health Services
• Health Promotive is the process of enabling people to increase control over and
to improve health.
• Health education and information
• The low health standard of an individual, the family and the community is due to the lack of public
awareness on health matters . Therefore ,health education should be provided in an effectiveness
manner to both rural and urban people . For that ,health worker , political leaders ,teachers students
,social organizations and other volunteers are mobilized extensively upto every level of state.
• Environmental Health:
• Informing the people about personal hygiene , through various media ,collection and management of
solid wastes ,inspection and examination the hotel foods and meats,drinking water and edible products
,management for constructing and uses of sanitary latrines and urinals to be limited in a coordinated
manner.
• Nutritional intervention:
• Through the nutritional program like ,promotion of breast feeding growth monitoring prevention of
iodine deficiency disorders, Vitamin A ,iron deficiency and health education to enable mothers to meet
the daily requirements of children through locally available resources.

5. • Life style and behavior change
• The health promotion is possible by the change of unhealthy behavior of an individual.For example , an
alcoholic or smoker can promote his/her health by avoiding addiction on alcohol consumption or
smoking practice.
• The health service which are provide for the prevention of disease fall under the
preventive health services .The areas for specific protection are :
• Expanded program on immunization
• Family planning maternal and child health
• Safe motherhood
• Diarrhoea and ARI Control
• Tuberculosis Control
• Malaria and Kala-Azar Control
• Leprosy Control
• Prevention and Control of infectious diseases
• Prevention and control of HIV/AIDS and STDs
Preventive Health Services
• Initiation of primary health services in
urban slums areas
• Chemoprophylaxis
• Protection against accidents
• Uses of specifics nutrients
• Safely of foods drugs and cosmetics
• Control of noise ,air pollution
• Provision of safe drinking water

6. Curative Health Services
• Cure of the patients is the act which is done after the appearance of illiness or
suspicion of presence of any disease by medical doctors ,paramedical workers
and nurses.
• It includes detection and treatment of various disease and disorders.
• Curative health services are provided by districts hospital ,provincials hospital,
central hospitals and essential health care services are provided by health post
and PHCC in Nepal.
• The combined and coordinated use of medical ,social ,education and vocational
measures for training and re-training the individual to the highest possible level
of functional ability is called rehabilitation .
• The main purpose of this service is to make productive people out of non-
productive people .
Rehabilitative Health Services

7. • Important areas of rehabilitation are as follows
a. Medical Rehabilitation
• Restoration of function and the helping medically to restore organs function .
• It involves the disciplines of physiotherapy ,speech therapy ,audio therapy and occupational therapy etc.
b. Vocational Rehabilitation
• Restoration of the capacity to earn a live hood e.g. Leprosy is put to garden work which enable them to
have earning .
c. Economic Rehabilitation :
• Providing some financial aid to recovered from handicap e.g Loan under self employment scheme,
handicap allowance etc.
d. Social Rehabilitation:
• Restoration of family and social relationship e.g. widow (ljwjf_ marriage accepts.
e. Psychological Rehabilitation :
• Restoration of personal dignity confidence and prestige e.g. tuberculosis patient after full course of
treatment and become non infective .

8. Assignment
• Different between promotive ,preventive ,curative and Rehabilitative

9. Determinant of Health
• Health is multi-factorial.
• Those factors that influence the health of an individual lies both within individual
and externally in society in which he/she lives.
• It is true to say that what a man is and to what disease he may fall victim depends
upon combination of two sets of factors the environmental factors to which he is
exposed and his genetic factors .
• Heredity and environment are major determinants among various other
determinants.
• Thus, conceptually , the health of individuals and whole communities may be
results of interaction between many factors.

10. 1. Biological determinants
2. Behavioral and socio-cultural conditions
3. Environment
4. Socio-economic conditions
5. Economic Status
6. Education
7. Occupation
8. Political system
9. Health Services
10. Ageing of the population
11. Gender
12. Science and Technology
13. Information and communication
14. Equity ,social justice and human Right

11. Factors influencing Health
• All those determinants that are responsible to influence the health of an
individual either positively or negatively are defined as factors influencing health.
• There are several factors which are responsible to influence the health of an
individual which are listed below
1. Heredity
2. Enviromental factors
3. Life style
4. Socio-economic and cultural condition
5. Health services
6. Geographic distribution
7. Biological factors
a. Indigenous factor
b. Exogenous factors
8. Gender
9. Ageing of the population
10. Political system

12. Heredity
• All the traits and properties that are passed along biologically from parent to
child .
• To some extent this determines your general level of health.
• You inherit physical traits such as the color of your hairs and eyes, shape of your
nose and ears, as well as your body type and size .
• You also inherit basic intellectual abilities as well as tendencies toward specific
disease.

13. Environmental Factors
• The sum of your total surrounding : your family , where you grew up , where you
live now and all of your experiences are known as environment.
• Environment factors in general are aggregate of internal and external agents
which can be linked to the health of an individual .
• Unsuitable environment facilitates disease progression .
• Air ,water supplies , housing , family structure , sanitation , sewage management
,dumping site , automobiles ,industries are the example of environmental factors
which influence health.

14. Life Style
• This denotes ‘health –behavior’ of persons.
• This include cultural patterns , social values , behavior of habits (e.g. smoking
,alcoholism ,multiple sexual partners etc).
• Many diseases have shown a strong association with certain lifestyles e.g. AIDS,
Coronary heart disease ,obesity ,lung cancer .
• Therefore , persons having these risk factors/habits are considered as the ‘risk
groups’.
• Theses life styles are developed through processes of socialization and social
interaction with parents , friends ,peer groups, etc.
• However , not all life style factors are harmful.
• There are many life styles that promote health.
• For example , adequate nutrition ,yoga exercise , meditation ,enough sleep,etc.

15. Socio-economic and cultural condition
• Socio-economic conditions like how people live ,how they spend their money, etc
determines health and illness.
• If an individuals has good socio-economic condition then investment in health is
high and vice-versa.
• For example , if an individual has good economic condition, he /she can buy
healthy and nutritious food which can lead to positive health and vice –versa.

16. Health Services
• Availability of health service and technology has hung influence in health of
people.
• Equal distribution, easy access, affordable cost and appropriate technology are
major issues and challenges in providing good health.
• For example , if there is well equipped hospital in a community ,disease can be
early diagnosed and treated timely other-wise , it can lead to many
complications.

17. Geographical Distribution
• For example ,Terai ,Hill ,Mountain region , high altitude , Forest , Desert,etc.
determine health.
• It may be classified into two groups which are :
• Indigenous factors:
• Indigenous factors are those which includes genetic , heredity and immunological
factors .These are passively acquired from maternal antibody , passed across the
placenta and transmitted from milk .
• Exogenous factors :
• These factors are other living beings with whom an individual interact. Micro-organisms
are mostly included in exogenous factors.
Biological Factors

18. Gender
• Gender is commonly used to refer sexual distinction between male and female
based on their roles.
• The social and cultural factors associated with male and female are responsible to
influence the health.
• Female are generally more prone to diseases as compare to male due to their
body structure and role .
• For example , a women may suffer from different gynecological problems like
cervical cancer ,PID,POP (pelvis organ prolapse) etc.

19. Ageing of the population
• In our country population above 60 years are considered to be elders.
• A variety of disease affect in this age group.
• Elder aged people are more prone to disease comparatively than younger one.
• Immunity level is decreased as there is increase in age .
• For example , if the bone is broken in both child and elder one individual , bone
will be repaired fast in child than elder one .
• So, ageing of population is considered to be factors which influence health.

20. Political system
• The political system refers to government policy and norms which affect the
health of population .
• Governmental bodies have major role in making plan and policies to improve the
health system of country.
• Provision of health insurance , distribution of free drugs and various health
schemes will affect the health of population.
• Thus , the political condition of a country may influence the health of people.

21. Thank You