Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forest land for use such as arable land, pasture, urban use, logged area, or wasteland. Generally, the removal or destruction of significant areas of forest cover has resulted in a degraded environment with reduced biodiversity.

1. Causes, Effect And Consequences
Of Deforestation
Presented By : Zainab Arshad
BS Hons, Environmental Sciences
University Of Gujrat, Pakistan

2. Content
Study aims to…
Deforestation
Pakistan forest Area
Forests in our Life
Causes of Deforestation
Effects of Deforestation
Consequences of Deforestation
Study Area
Objectives
Methodology
Main species
Physical Environment of Study Area
Impacts on Physical Environment
Revenue generate from tree cutting
Suggestion / Recommendation.
Conclusion
References

3. STUDTY AIMS TO…
• Emphasize “deforestation” as a global environmental
problem.
• Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-
forest land for use such as arable land, pasture, urban use,
logged area, or wasteland. Generally, the removal or
destruction of significant areas of forest cover has resulted
in a degraded environment with reduced biodiversity.

4. Deforestation
• Results from removal of trees without sufficient
reforestation, and results in declines in habitat and
biodiversity, wood for fuel and industrial use, and
quality of life.
• Deforestation is one of the major environmental
problems that the world is facing.

5. Pakistan Forest Area
• Pakistan has 4.2 million ha of forest and planted trees, which equates to 4.8
percent of the total land area.
• 40% percent of the forest area comprises coniferous and scrub forest in the
northern hills and mountains.
• We lose 147 plants and aminals due to deforestation.
• Forest cover over 30% of total land area.
• Over half the world timber and 72% of paper is consumed by 20% of world
population.

6. Forests In Our Life
Forests impact our daily lives in more ways than we can imagine.
• Human beings are heavily dependent on forests and the products and services they provide.
• Forests provide habitats to diverse animal species;
• they form the source of livelihood for many different human settlements;
• they offer watershed protection,
• timber and non-timber products,
• various recreational options;
• they prevent soil erosion,
• help in maintaining the water cycle, and
• check global warming by using carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.

8. Causes Of
Deforestation
 One of the main reasons being the short-
term economic benefits. Corruption at the
government institutions, wealth and power
due to harvesting of the riches of the forest,
population growth and urbanization are
some of the common causes.

9. Factor Involve In Causes Of Deforestation
• Urban Construction
• Timber Harvesting
• Agriculture
• Grazing Land
• Used for Fuel
• Commercial Purposes
• Illegal Logging
• Expansion of Agriculture
• Shifting Cultivation
• Fire Wood Collection

10. Effects Of
Deforestation
There are a number of adverse effects, that include
environmental and economical. Some of these
effects are discussed below:
• Erosion of Soil
• Disruption of the Water Cycle
• Loss of Biodiversity
• Flooding and Drought

11. Consequences Of Deforestation
• The most dramatic impact is a loss of habitat for millions of species.
• Deforestation also drives climate change.
• Forest soils are moist, but without protection from sun-blocking tree cover, they quickly dry out.
• Deforestation leads to more extreme temperature swings that can be harmful to plants and animals.
• Fewer forests means larger amounts of greenhouse gases entering the atmosphere and increased speed and
severity of global warming.
• Not only do animals lose their homes, but humans dependent on the local ecology are also affected.
• The water cycle gets disturbed leading to floods and droughts.
• People dependent on the forests for their survival lose their livelihood.
• Global warming is another problem looming over our heads.

12. STUDY AREA
• The study area is Rakh Pabbi Forest, Kharian
• The forest is spread over 38,000 acre land located
between Kharian and Sara-i-Alamgir.
• The administration on Monday, February 14th, 2016
`sealed at least 14 firewood depots and confiscated
stolen wood worth Rs. 2 million in the areas surrounding
the forest of Rakh Pabbi Sarkar. According to a report,
had some 60 to 70 such depots.
• Published in Dawn, February 19th, 2016

15. Objectives
• To inform the local community to the importance of having trees.
• To raise awareness that people not cutting off the trees for development
project by cleaning,
• To ensure that planting trees provide education to the local surrounds to
make sure that they know the importance of conserving the environment
for the presents and features generations.
• To identify the socioeconomic effect of tree cutting.

16. Methodology
• Collection secondary data. Documentation of secondary data and defining the
Environment.
• Used the journal research to illustrate the impact of tree cutting in Rakh Pabbi
Forest on environment and on socio-economic.
• Reveal the tree cutting effect on physical environment, human and economic.
• The methodology may include publication research, interviews, surveys and
include both present and historical information.

17. Physical
Environment Of
Study Area
• Climate
• Temperature
• Wind
• Rainfall
• Humidity
• Soil Type
• Air Quality

18. Main Species
The main species of Rakh Pibbi forest are
• Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo, 70 percent),
• Zizyphus jujuba (15 percent)
• Deodar (Cedrus deodara, 12 percent),
• Sufeda (Eucalyptus camaldulensis, 7 percent),
• fir (Abies pindrow, 5 percent),
• Poplar (Populus deltoids, 3 percent) and
• Babul (Acacia nilotica, 3 percent).
• Cassia Fistula (Amaltas).
• In 1992, FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) estimated rural wood consumption for fire wood at
3.7 m3 per 1000 capita.

19. Impacts On Physical
Environment
• Impact on Temperature
• Rainfall
• Impact on soil
• Impact On Water Environment
• Impact on Public Health
• Financial impact

20. Revenue Generate From Tree Cutting
• Forestry sector contributes only 0.3 percent to GNP.
• Between 1996 and 2000, on average, 31.66 million m3 of round wood and 2.35
million m3 of industrial roundwood were produced annually from state forests
and farmlands.
• A further 532 000 m3 of industrial roundwood was imported annually to meet
national demand.
• Forests supply 32 percent of Pakistan’s total energy needs in the form of
fuelwood.

22. Suggestion / Recommendation
• Make our factories more cleaner and monitor their emissions. Develop better ways of
farming
• Forest management and strict monitoring of tree cutting should be carried.
• Reforestation of lost areas and following sustainable practices will help us balance our
green cover.
• The cutting that does occur should be balanced by planting young trees to replace older
trees felled.
• Economically feasible techniques should be formed to tackle tree cutting problems.

23. Conclusion
• Remember, trees give us life, without them it will be impossible to sustain life.
• The destruction of healthy forest systems causes so many different problems. Trees
provide a habitat for animals, purify water sources, control flooding and erosion
and help to replenish the soil with nutrients needed for farming.
• It is important to note that planted forests are very different from original forest
cover in terms of species composition, so should be encourage the plantation.
• Economic globalization combined with the looming global land scarcity increases
the complexity of future pathways of land use change.
• The apparent tradeoff between forest and agriculture can be minimized through
spatial management and the use of degraded or low competition lands.

24. REFERENCES
• Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), The Global Forest Assessment 2000
(Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization, Committee on Forestry, 2000
• FAO, The Global Forest Assessment 2000.
• Agbu P A and James M E 1994 The NOAA/NASA Pathfinder AVHRR Land Data Set
Users’ Manual (Greenbelt, MD: Goddard Distribution Active Archive Center
Publications, GCDG)
• Asner G P 2001 Cloud cover in Landsat observations of the Brazilian Amazon Int. J.
Remote Sens. 22 3855-62
• FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) 2006 Global forest
resources assessment 2005-main report FAO Forestry Paper No. 147 (Rome: FAO)