A MODEL FOR EARTHQUAKE CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN OLD URBANS (CASE STUDY NAJAFABAD CITY)

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International Journal Advanced Research Engineering a Technology (IJARET)
of in nd
Volume 12, Issue 2, February 2021, pp.44-64 Article ID: IJARET_12_02_005
Available online ttp://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJARET?Volume=12&Issue=2
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ISSN Print: 0976-6480 and ISSN Online: 0976-6499
DOI: 10.34218/IJARET.12.2.2021.005
© IAEME Publication Indexed
Scopus
A MODEL FOR EARTHQUAKE CRISIS
MANAGEMENT IN OLD URBANS (CASE
STUDY: NAJAFABAD CITY)
Saeid Pirouzbakht*
Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, Earthquake Group, Shakhespajouh
Natural Disasters Engineering Research Center, Isfahan, Iran
Naser Eghbali
Professor of Geography Department of Central Tehran Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Amir Mahmoudzadeh
Assistant Professor of Shakhespajouh Natural Disasters Engineering Research Center,
Isfahan, Iran
*Corresponding Author
ABSTRACT
The city of Najaf Abad has the history of 400 years, the oldest new city in Iran, and
the second most important city in the Isfahan city complex. Which has been grown
sevenfold over the past sixty years. It is located in the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, which is
considered the most restrained zone in Iran. According to studies, there is always a
possibility of an earthquake occurring possibility in this zone. . The existence of
important jet structures, the identification of active faults for the first time, and the
recording of more than hundreds of earthquakes around this area indicates its risk.
Recognizing and assessing the seismic risk of this city by means of location and
spatial modeling of various environmental, physical, social and managerial
components, is based on the risk reduction approach of the present research is
considered as the goal. In this research, while explaining the concept of risk and
vulnerability, using a variety of quantitative and qualitative parameters and based on
the multi-criteria decision making approach in the form of spatial analysis, network
analysis (ANP) and weight overlap, seismic risk aversion in Najaf Abad city is studied
and analyzed.
The results indicate that about 33% of the developed area of the city has a high risk
of earthquake that covers the central area of the city and part of the city of Saleh Abad.
Considering the distribution map of the city population (based on statistical domains of
the population census of 2011) and its adaptation to the results, it is shown that in the
total population of 51000 people (with a density of about 70-100 per hectare) in the
zone The high risk area is located in the 5th district with a population of about 40,000

Saeid Pirouzbakht, Naser Eghbali and Amir Mahmoudzadeh
h
people in the six city districts of the city. Also, the area of Yazdanshahr in the south-
west zone with the highest population density in the city is located in the medium-risk
rising area.
Key words: Seismic Risk, Najafabad, Vulnerability, ANP Model, Crisis.
Cite this Article: Saeid Pirouzbakht, Naser Eghbali and Amir Mahmoudzadeh,
A Model for Earthquake Crisis Management in Old Urbans (Case Study: Najafabad
City), International Journal of Advanced Research Engineering and Technology
in
(IJARET), 12(2 2021, pp. 44-64.
),
ttp://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJARET?Volume=12&Issue=2
h
1. INTRODUCTION
Iran was ranked first among the countries of Asia and the Middle East from the point of view
of the crisis. Between 1900 and 2013, more than 43.5 million people, 55% of the population of
Iran, were affected by various crises.
Considering the above mentioned issues, it is necessary to be able to estimate the risk by
presenting a suitable model and applying a variety of spatial and descriptive data and
performing relevant analyzes in geographic information systems and multi-criteria decision
making and using global experiences. The vulnerability of cities in the country and, specially,
the city of Najaf Abad against earthquakes should be evaluated.
2. THE STAGES OF THE RESEARCH
Considering that for risk assessment, a combination of all socio-physical factors and natural
hazards characteristics should be considered in the site, therefore, with maps and relevant
information, investigate the risk of earthquakes in the area, then to prepare a vulnerability map
City of this risk, according to the previous studies and using the views of a number of professors
and experts in this subject and based on the multi-criteria decision-making approach, five
general criteria and eighteen sub-criteria are considered. Data analysis was performed using
ANP and Super Decision software, and maps and layers of information based on existing
standards on vulnerability and spatial analysis of elements were developed in the ARCGIS
environment and eventually using The index overlap will be combined. According to the
mentioned explanations, the seismic riskiness of the city has been evaluated based on the
overlapping weight model.
3. METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION
3.1 Library Studies
Including referring to the libraries of the University of Tehran, Isfahan, Azad Najaf Abad, Azad
University of Science and Research, and the use of documents and articles on how the city of
Najaf Abad appeared, its features, historical and physical earthquakes, the use of statistics and
Information about Consulting Engineers of Shah Javan Pars, Najaf Abad Municipality and
Natural Resources Office, detailed and comprehensive plans, 2000/1 map of the current state
of the city, satellite imagery, use of Statistical Yearbooks and Statistics Center of Iran.
3.2 Field Studies Include
Interview: Using the views of professors and experts, discussing with experts of the
municipality and governorate
View: presence in the city and providing relevant photos and observing problems and
obstacles

A Model for Earthquake Crisis Management in Old Urbans (Case Study: Najafabad City)
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Use the questionnaire if necessary
data analysis method
Data analysis has been done quantitatively and quantitatively.
A. Qualitative analysis: The basis of this method is clearly the use of reason and logic and
reasoning. in this research
Relevant weights, interpretation of maps, and analysis of the results obtained from
quantitative methods - that are according to the conditions
The study area and other underlying causes should be considered as qualitative analyzes.
B-Quantitative analysis: the use of quantitative data and methods in the formation of
frequency distribution tables, the drawing of types Charts, distribution screenshots, drawings
and more ...
3.3 Variables Affecting Urban Seismic Risk
In relation to the effective elements in seismic risk assessment, a total of four elemental
information is needed: seismic hazards, risk, location and vulnerability. The first element, the
seismic hazard, can be considered as initial and main hazards (such as fault failure or ground
vibrations) or secondary hazards (such as liquefaction, slipping) and, ultimately, subsequent
risks (such as flood failure, fires due to line breakage Gas, etc.). The second element, ie at risk,
is a combination of the value of all structures and their contents, interruptions in occupations,
number of people, and so on. The third element, the place, indicates the degree of risk associated
with the origin and type of danger. The fourth element, the vulnerability, is defined as the
amount of damage to an endangered element or to a set of several elements resulting from an
earthquake with a magnitude and severity.
Among the different models presented for risk assessment, this study is under the influence
of the UVF model (Urban Vulnerability Framework, described in Section 6.3.12), which
emphasizes that risk is the product of combination of two risk factors and vulnerability, and for
To minimize the adverse effects of natural hazards, it is necessary to take appropriate measures
to reduce vulnerability rather than risk reduction (Dewan, 2013: 35: 2013). With this approach
in the present study, a model for the relative estimation of the risk index based on the
combination of components the earthquake risk and vulnerability factor are presented.
3.4 Use of Geographic System Risk Analysis
for
The analysis of the research topic in the GIS environment has taken place in four main stages:
• Formation of information layers (parametric maps) of digitalization method and data
entry;
• Classification and weighing of parametric maps;
• Preparing hazard maps using the method of integration of parametric maps;
• Classification of hazard maps into hazard zones.
Techniques used in data analysis
The ANP model illustrates the multi-criteria decision-making approach
A multi-criteria decision-making approach (MCDM) for risk analysis to achieve a particular
goal, it is more necessary for the decision maker to evaluate several criteria together and
measure different options according to the criteria. Such a process is called multi-criteria
decision making.
An ANP analysis process model, first introduced by the hour in 1996, is one of which is to
determine the priority of two multi-criteria decision-making methods and a new generation of

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hierarchical analyzes (AHP) criteria and options, along with the determination of the
relationships between variables Independent and affiliated, al et Fathizahraei 2014. (On matters
that interact intrinsically between criteria and sub-criteria, the use of its hierarchical analysis
does not take that relationship into account and results in a mistake. In fact The ANP introduced
by the clock is a comprehensive decision making technique suitable for a variety of quantitative
and qualitative data types There is an examination of dependencies and feedback between all
the criteria (1337: 2013, Zebardast.) The ANP model is AHP format based on the Markov chain
(the total probability of occurrence of each state is equal to one) and has a nonlinear and
dynamic structure. (ANP) can be summed up in four steps: (Schrobst, 1389: 81 (
Stage One: Convert the problem to a network structure and determine communication
Stage Two: Binary Judgments and Priority Vectors
Step Three: Create a Super Matrix and turn it into a Super Matrix
Step Four: Select the best option to form the problem structure
4. RELATIVE AND GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF THE CITY OF
NAJAF ABAD
The city of Najaf Abad, 25 km west of Isfahan, now has an area of about 8955 hectares and a
population of 221814 people (according to the results of the census of the year 90) as the fourth
most populous city of Isfahan province and the thirty-sixth city of the country. From Isfahan,
the most important service center in the city of Isfahan, as well as the third most important city
of this complex, is industrial. Due to its natural effects and roughnesses, Najaf Abad is a
relatively modest slope that declined from west to east and this area is in a real area it is the
Zagros Mountains, the northeastern slopes of the vulture, as well as the fallen pits of Isfahan-
Gavkhoni. The gay and mountains of the late second and mainly tectonic movements related to
the early third era of geology known as the Alpine orogeny are completely visible in the north
and west of the city, and the contact with the surrounding mountains is usually of fault type.
Which threatens the city with less or less activity. Geologically, the city of Najafabad is part of
the Central Iranian subsection and within the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, which is the most
voluminous zone, the most active zone in Iran. According to studies, there is always the
possibility of an earthquake occurring in this zone. According to Iran's mathematical model,
this city is located in a moderate relative risk zone. The events of the 20th and 20th century
earthquakes in Isfahan, as well as the fundamental process of faults and structures in this area,
indicates a relatively high seismicity of this area.
According to the selected model (Figure 1), this study identified vulnerability as a
combination of risk factors (physical, access, social, etc.) and community coping capacity with
that risk (relief-management indicators). Considering the 5 main criteria and 18 sub-criteria
(according to Table 1), the vulnerability of the city of Najaf Abad will be analyzed so that first,
after determining the desired criteria based on the research objectives, using a questionnaire
Certified (Delphi) criteria have been prioritized. Obviously, considering the necessity of group
and expert judgment, feedback and completion of questionnaires by researchers and experts
with geography, civilization and geology, and finally the criteria and weights obtained were the
criterion for determining the significance of each criterion. In determining the sub criteria, we
tried to highlight the issues that were important in explaining our core criteria and, on the other
hand, explain comprehensively the purpose of the vulnerability analysis of the region. These
sub-criteria have all become quantitative data. Since the effective or aggravated factors of the
vulnerability have a large variety that systematically operates It is possible that all the factors
cannot be simultaneously and in the specific circumstances of the crisis management cycle D
In addition, due to the lack of cooperation of some organizations in providing information on
the socio-economic status of people living in the city or the lack of statistics and information

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on a number of indicators that are not available for small and medium-sized cities in the country,
some of the following criteria Which could have been effective on the outcome. In any case,
the use of the analytical models mentioned above and helping GIS achieve the research
objectives.
Figure 1 Hierarchy of selected research factors and criteria in city seismic risk assessment
Table 1 The Classification of cities Seismic vulnerability categories and sub-categories
Vulnerability factors Categories Sub-Categories
Exposed factors
Physical Building Quality
Building Age
Building Materials
Pieces Squares
Accessibility The width of the passageway
Distance from the open or
green space
Social Population Concentration
Family Dimension
Building ownership
Neighborhood with hazardous
installations
Gasoline or gas station
Gas pressure-breaking station
High-Power Electrical Station
Water Tanks
High Heighted Buildings
Confronting Capacity
Relief-Management factors Fire-Station
Police Station
Relief Bases
Temporary residential sites
The above-mentioned table shows the risk factor of urban spaces in relation to physical
quality and location factors.
Evaluation of
Seismic Risk
Vulnerability
factors
Risk factors
Fault
Earthquake
Cores
Geopolitics'
Condition
of Center
Confronting
Capacity
Exposed
factors
Access to
Relief
agencies
Neighborh
ood with
hazardous
installation
Accessibility
Physical
Social

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5.TYPE OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURE OF THE BUILDING
The structures of the city of Najaf Abad in terms of quality, type of materials and their seismic
vulnerability can be classified according to Table 2 as below:
Table 2 Classification of urban buildings according to building quality, main materials and
vulnerability degree
Building Quality Main Materials Vulnerability Degree
Fresh Built Metal and Concrete Very low
Low
Capable of Keeping Iron and Bricks Medium
Needed repairs Cement and Bricks
Cements Blocks
High
High
Needed destruction Clay and wood
Vogel clay
Very High
very High
Table 3 Classification of urban buildings structures according to distinguished regions and their
vulnerability degree
Building
Material
Metal &
Concrete
Iron &
Bricks
Cement &
Bricks
Clay &
Wood
Total
Vulnerability
Degree
Low
Vulnerability
Medium
Vulnerability
High
Vulnerability
Very High
Vulnerability
Zone 1 1175 6503 8 3 7689
Zone 2 4506 4826 7 166 9505
Zone 3 2092 2914 - 1 5007
Zone 4 4991 5758 9 1717 12475
Zone 5 4169 5370 14 1359 10911
Zone 6 5086 4613 10 714 10423
Total of City 22019 29984 48 3960 56443
5.1 The Quality of the Building
According to available statistics, 29.8% of the newly built buildings, 53.8% of them can be
maintained, 10.7% repair and 7.5% destructive.
5.2 Building Age
The survey shows that 33.8% of the buildings are under the age of 5 years, 14.7% of the
buildings are from 5 to 15 years old, 12% of the buildings are between 15 and 30 years old and
39.5% of the buildings are over 30 years old.
5.3 Building area
The shape - the area of the residential building of the city as well as the figure number 2 shows
the distribution of residential land in terms of area in the city of Najaf Abad.

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Figure 2 The diagram of residential building area amounts in Najaf-Abad city
Table 4 Classification of residential building square according to zones distinctions and vulnerability
amount
Square Over 500m2 300m2
to 500
m2
200 m2
to
300 m2
100 m2
to
200 m2
Below 100
M2
Total
Zones
Very Low
Vulnerability
Low
Vulnerability
Medium
Vulnerability
High
Vulnerability
Very High
Vulnerability
Zone 1 10 686 3240 3178 575 7689
Zone 2 1415 4946 2917 535 45 9505
Zone 3 577 507 2073 1813 37 5007
Zone 4 160 1557 3886 6118 756 12475
Zone 5 152 1279 3264 5395 822 10911
Zone 6 67 708 2565 5880 1205 10423
City
Total
1011 5272 17945 27330 4810 56443
6. INVESTIGATING THE ACCESSIBILITY INDICATORS FOR
SEISMIC VULNERABILITY IN THE CITY
The meaning of accessibility quality is to access to different areas at the time of the earthquake
in order to assist in the first 72 hours (Hatami-Nejad et al., 2009: 12). In most earthquake areas,
the number of deaths necessarily is not caused by earthquake itself but a major problem is
locking or blocking the communication networks Table 5 shows the relationship between the
.
vulnerability and the hierarchy of the passing network, and Figure 3 shows the distribution of
the passage network based on their width in the city.
Table 5 Classification of passage ways in city and the amount vulnerability
Passage
Width
(Meter)
Lower 6
meter
And Blind
Alley
6-9 meters 9-14 meters 14-20 meters
Over 20
Meters
Vulnerability
Degree
Very High High Medium Low Very Low

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Figure 3 The quality of passage way distribution in Najafabad City according to their width.
The network of commuting in Najaf Abad with a total area of 1308.5 square acres accounts
for about 37 percent of the city's developed area. According to the 25 percent of the desirable
per capita for urban communication, this percentage is appropriate, but one The city's major
problems are the large number of passages with a width of less than 6 meters in different places.
Vulnerability Due Lack of Access Open Space
to to
The green space per square meter in Najaf Abad is equal to 4.76 square meters, which is lower
than the national standards (Pourmohammadi, 1391: 39). However, these spaces seem
appropriate, but except in the Villashahr (district of three cities) which have a good distribution,
the rest of the regions are in difficulty. In the central part of the city (areas of four, five and six),
the primary area of the city of Najaf Abad there is practically no open space, and the city's
texture is very tense in this part, which during the crisis For a population of about 100,000
people, this is a huge dilemma. Table 6: Access to urban open spaces and the degree of
remoteness vulnerability from these spaces.
Table 6 Access to open space and the amount of vulnerability in the city
Distance to
Open space
Lower 20
Meters
20-50 Meters
50-150
Meters
150-300
Meters
Over 300
Meters
Vulnerability
Degree
Very Low Low Medium High Very high
7 INVESTIGATION OF SOCIAL INDICATORS AFFECTING URBAN
.
SEISMIC VULNERABILITY
7.1 Population Density
Of the total area of 8955 hectares in Najaf Abad, only 40% of it (about 3580 hectares) was
found in urban development and texture.
The city is discrete and sporadic in terms of how its satellite towns are located. So
considering

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The population of 2011 is 221814 people), the average population density is 62 people per
hectare.
Figure 4 The quality of population scattering in Najafabad City according to statistical calculation on
2011.
7.2 The Household Size
Increasing the household's index in a residential unit increases the likelihood of an increase in
human casualties; that is, the lower the free space in residential units, the greater the
vulnerability, and vice versa. The population of the study area in 2006 was 208647 people and
the number of households was 54555 households. Accordingly, the household size in this year
was about 8.3, which is, compared to 1996, 54.4 persons in the Household), a significant
decrease.
Figure 5 The Household size in the city according to 2011 statistical calculations.

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8 INVESTIGATING THE SEISMIC VULNERABILITY OF
.
NEIGHBORING WITH HAZARDOUS INSTALLATIONS
8.1 Fuel Stations (Petrol and Gas Pumps)
The distribution of these sites and the high-risk area (up to one kilometer radius) can be seen in
Fig.6. Except for the other three districts of the city, there are vulnerabilities in this area.
Figure 6 The quality of fuel station distribution in the city and their hazardous around space
8.2 Gas Pressure Reduction Stations
The interstate gas pressure reduction stations (TBS), which converge the gas at a pressure of
psi 250 to psi 60, are located in the Najaf Abad city at seven different locations, which are
clearly specified on the map. It should be noted that a there are some cathodes protection
stations in the city that carry out operations to prevent corrosion of gas pipes in the city and are
practically safe (Interview with gas company experts, 2013). The distribution of these stations
and the high risk area (up to 1 km radius). According to this form, parts of District 1 and District
2 are vulnerable to this vulnerability.
8.3 -
High Voltage Power Substations
Currently, a 400 kV post in the southwest of the city and three 63 kV power stations in
respectively Villashahr, the southern entrance of the city and the western entrance of the city of
Najaf Abad, distribute the city electricity.
There are also 2307 trans-air and ground-based electricity distribution in the city, which
unfortunately are due to confidentiality.
Their information did not succeed in getting the precise location of these transmissions from
the Najaf Abad Electrical Authority.

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8.4 Hospital Centers
There are 2 hospitals and 7 day-care clinics in the city. On the other hand, according to the
standards, the service radius of the health centers should be 650 to 750 meters and a maximum
of one km, and the radius of access to the hospital should be 1.5-1.5 km and maximum of two
kilometers (Pourmohammadi, 2012: 61) (considering the above standards due to inappropriate
distribution These centers, many parts of the city, are not covered by the services of these clinics
and hospitals, and undoubtedly this will expand the dimensions of the crisis in emergencies.
According to the results of spatial analysis, the regions of two, three and six cities from this
point of view have the highest vulnerability. Figure 7 shows the distribution of hospitals and
day care clinics, respectively. Their performance shows the radius in the city of Najaf Abad.
Figure 7 The spreading of 24-hours clinics and hospitals and their operational radius in Najafabad
City
8.5 lice Stations
Po
Currently, 6 units are operating in the city of Najaf Abad and are well distributed and cover
almost the entire range with regard to the functional radius.
8.6 Temporary Resettlement Centers
In Najaf Abad, parks, sports clubs and the Qods camp located in the northwest of the city are
considered as temporary accommodation centers. However, these centers do not have the
perfect standard for accommodation and are of high vulnerability.
9 DETERMINATION OF WEIGHTING COEFFICIENTS BY USING
.
ANP MODEL
In this study, to determine the weight coefficients of the proposed ANP model in the Super
software environment
Decision has been used. The Network Analysis Process (ANP) can be summarized in the
following four steps.
Before implementing the model, familiarity with two concepts is essential:
A cluster: A cluster of similar elements that together form a group.

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Element: Elements are called indexes that are chosen to evaluate an issue.
In this research, the criteria are called clusters and sub-criteria are the same elements.
Determining the relationships in this research has been done using previous studies, as well
as by providing relevant questionnaires and utilizing them from the point of view of the experts.
(The internal communication matrix of the research sub-criteria is attached.) It should be noted
that relations between clusters through relationships the elements are determined, that is, after
applying the relationships between the elements, the software determines the type of
relationships between the clusters. If no element is associated with a cluster with another cluster,
then these two clusters are also not related. After determining the internal communication of
the elements, the network structure of the model is formed as shown in Fig. 8.
Figure 8 General ANP Model according to vulnerability categories and subcategories of this research
After determining the importance of the indices relative to each other, the system
compatibility rate (CR) is not greater than 0.1, otherwise it should be weighed. Because of the
very large number of matrices of comparison and the impossibility to bring them in this section,
Figure 9 Examples of pairwise comparisons of elements of each cluster with the corresponding
control, in Decision Super software and Table 7 weigh the subclasses (elements) in their
respective cluster Order of importance.

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Figure 9 Pairwise comparisons of management-relief cluster elements with population density control
Table 7 The weights of subcategories about managerial-helping items according to importance
sequence
Subcategory
Fire
Station
Hospital
Centers
Police
Station
Temporary
Residential
Centers
The Cluster
Weights
Fire Station 1 2 5 7 0.493
Hospital Centers 1 5 7 0.351
Police Station 1 4 0.111
Temporary
Residential Centers
1 0.046
Corresponding rate Cr=0.07
It should be noted that in all paired comparisons between clusters and elements separately,
the adjustment rate (CR) (less than 0.1) is obtained which indicates the validity of the
judgments.
10 FORMATION OF SUPER MATRICES
.
All of the above calculations are done by Decision Super software. These super matrices are
accessible and accessible through the menu of computations of the software. From the
combination of the results of each of the comparison matrices, the initial matrix is called the
non-negative super matrices. Then the software, by normalizing the values of this super
matrices, forms a weighing super matrices. Ultimately, weighted supermassive values converge
and curved super matrices are formed.
Figures 10, 11, and 12, respectively, show non-existent, weighted and scalable super
matrices, respectively.

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Figure 10 Non-weighted super-decision Super matrix
Figure 11 Weighted super decision super matrices
Figure 12 Super decision matrices by margins

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11. SELECTING THE BEST OPTION
In the fourth step, selecting the Priority option in the software computations menu, the final
weight of the sub-criteria is displayed in the table below:
Figure 13 The final weights of research categories
12. COMPARISONS AND CLUSTER CALCULATIONS
At the same time as comparing paired elements, the pairings of clusters are also performed,
which means, as mentioned earlier, the relationships between the clusters are determined
through the relationships between the elements.
Table 8 Paired comparison of clusters and final weights of research categories in the ANP model
Category Physical Accessibility Social
Neighborhood
to hazardous
installations
Caring-
Managerial
Total
Weights
Physical 1 5 6 7 9 0.549
Accessibility 1 2 6 7 0.214
Social 1 5 6 0.157

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Neighborhood to
Hazardous
Installations
1 2 0.047
Caring-Managerial 1 0.032
The corresponding rate of comparisons Cr=0.09
Assessment of Seismic Vulnerability of the City
After drawing maps for each of the sub-criteria separately in the GIS software (all presented in
the previous section), these maps were rendered by the corresponding order in the software,
with a pixel size of 5 m. Then, according to the issue of vulnerability and the privileges specified
in Table 9 level-1, the classification was re-categorized.
Table 9 Assessment matrix of effective factors in seismic vulnerability
Vulnerability
Categories
Category
Sub-
Category
Very-Low
Vulnerability
2
Low
Vulnerability3
Medium
Vulnerability5
High
Vulnerability7
Very
High
Vulnerabi
lity9
Exposed
Items
Physical
Quality of
Building
------------ Fresh Building
Capable of
Keeping
Need repair
Need
Destructio
n
Building
Age
Below 5 years 6-15 years 16 30
- years 30-50 years
Over 50
years
Building
Skeleton
Metallic Concrete Bricks & Iron
Bricks &
Cement
Clays &
Vogel
Square of
Buidings
Over 500
M2
300-500
M2
300-200
M2
200-100
M2
Below
100M2
Access
Passage
width
Over 20 Meter 20-14 Meter 14 9
- Meter 9-6 Meter
Below 6
Meter
Distance
from Open
Space
0-20 Meter 20-50 Meter 50-150 Meter 150-300 Meter
Over 300
Meter
Social
Population
concentrati
on
Below 30
Persons per
Ectare
30 60
- 60 100
- 100 140
- 140 190
-
Household
Size
Below 2
Persons
2-3 3-4 4-5
Over 5
Persons
Building
Ownership
---------- Personal Rental Organizational Shared
Neighborh
ood to
Hazardous
Installatio
ns
Gasoline &
Gas station
Distance over
2000
Meters
2000-1500
Meters
1500-1000
Meters
1000-500
Meters
Below 500
Meter
Gas
Pressure
Reduction
Station
Distance over
2000
Meters
2000-1500
Meters
1500-1000
Meters
1000-500
Meters
Below 500
Meter
High
Power
Substation
s
Distance over
80 Meters
80-60 Meters 60-40 Meters 40-20 Meters
Below 20
Meters
Water
Tanks
Distance Over
600 Meters
600-450 Meters 450-300 Meters 300-150 Meters
Below 150
Meters
High
Height
Building
1 floor 2 floors 3 floors 4 floors
Over 4
floors
Confronting
Capacitance
Categories
of Helping
and
Fire
Stations
Distance
Below 500
Eters
500-1000
Meters
1000-1500
Meters
1500-2000
Meters
Over 2000
Meters

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Vulnerability
Categories
Category
Sub-
Category
Very-Low
Vulnerability
2
Low
Vulnerability3
Medium
Vulnerability5
High
Vulnerability7
Very
High
Vulnerabi
lity9
Manageria
l
Clinical
Centers
Distance
Below 500
Eters
500-1000
Meters
1000-1500
Meters
1500-2000
Meters
Over 2000
Meters
Police
stations
Distance
Below 3000
Meters
3000-3500
Meters
3500-4000
Meters
4000-4500
Meters
Over 4500
Meters
Centers
Completely
Uitable
Suitable Good Weak
Disqualifi
ed
In this step, the weights obtained from the ANP model, through the Calculator Raster
instruction in the software ARCGIS is applied to existing classified layers. In this way, the
standardized layers are taken, and this is 1 separately from each other multiplied by its own
weight, and eventually overlapping the map of the city's general vulnerability map is prepared
from a possible earthquake.
Figure 14 Map of earthquake vulnerability distribution in Najafabad City according to zones
distinctions
City Seismic Risk-Taking Zoning by Using Weighted Overlay Model
In the present study, a model was developed for the relative estimation of the risk index based
on the combination of components of earthquake risk and vulnerability factors, including the
combination of risk factors and capacity to deal with the risk), in which the risk according to
the linear relationship between these factors is as follows Determined:
H (earthquake hazard × (E) (Risk Factors + (C) Risk Capacity = R
The results indicate that about 33% of the developed area of the city has a high risk of
earthquake that includes the core of the city and part of the city of Saleh Abad includes the
construction of clay and muds, and sometimes cement block with the age is over thirty and even
over fifty years old. Also, 27% of this area is medium risky, which includes buildings with
brickworks(iron and bricks), without proper foundation, and often more than thirty years old.
Considering the distribution map of the city population (based on statistical domains of
population census 2011) and its adaptation to the results.
It is noted that the population of 28,300 people is very high in risk taking and about 22,800
people are in high risk-taking areas. Also, the Yazdanshahr area in the southwest of the city

h
with the highest population density is located in the medium upward risk-taking area. Figure
15 shows the high seismic risk area with respect to the city's six districts.
Figure 15 The width of high risk seismic area in sixth zones of Najafabad City
Seismic Risk Assessment Segregation of Six Urban Areas
by
In sum, the inference from the above results is that taking into account the population of the six
areas of the city and their density, the 5th area with a population of about 40,000 has the highest
risk taking among the above areas.
Figure 16 Space distribution of seismic risk-taking in district 5th
of Najafabad
13. CONCLUSION
This research has been done to consider the highest number of indices by using the ANP model
for weighting them with a network structure. The final scores obtained for the criteria show that
the criteria of the physical and access achieve to highest score.
Among the various factors. Considering this method and its integration with seismic risk-
taking GIS of Najaf Abad city was investigated. The results indicate that about 33% of the
developed area of the city has high risk-taking against the earthquake that covers the central

h
core of the city and part of the city of Saleh Abad including the buildings which are made of
clays and mud, and some of the ancient cementitious blocks by the age of Thirty years and even
over fifty years. Also, 27% of this area has a medium riskiness that includes buildings with
brickwork (brick and iron), without proper foundation, and often over the age of thirty years.
Considering the distribution map of the city population (on the basis of the statistical domains
of the population census of 2011) and its adaptation to the results, it is shown that the total
population of 51000 people (with a density of about 70-100 per hectare) in the area of risk and
high levels are located in the 5th District with a population of about 40,000 people with the
highest risk taking in the above areas. Also, the Yazdanshahr area in the southwest of the city
with the highest population density is in the medium risk appetite zone The central core of the
city, due to its lack of open space, has a large number of passages with width It is hoped that
due to the seismicity of Iran and the need to maintain human and financial resources in the
country and to have the necessary safety in the cities, the relevant organizations, together with
each other, will take the necessary steps in In order to reduce the vulnerability of the earthquake,
although in the last two decades, there have been some activities in this area, but given the
special position of most cities in the earthquake, this should be taken into consideration for all
areas.
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