this is a detailed study on burns , and all the aspects such as definition , management, types , home remedies ,clinical aspects & evaluation, surgical methods , images & newer findings etc ,I hope this will be useful among medical professionals and others,
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Dressing procedure for nursing officer working in health care settinganjalatchi
The objective of dressing wounds is to promote healing. The procedure includes cleaning, disinfection and protection of the wound while respecting the rules of hygiene.
PREIEW OF EMT/EMR SOFT TISSUE POWERPOINT TRAINING PRESENTATIONBruce Vincent
Continues with the information taught in Bleeding and Shock, discussing the anatomy
of the skin and the management of soft tissue injuries and the management of burns.
Techniques of dressing and bandaging wounds will also be taught in this lesson. Lesson meets or exceeds USDOT NHTSA EMT/EMR 2009 training requirements. Presentation is over 100 slides in length. Recommended classroom time is 3 hours & 2 hours lab time.
Dressing procedure for nursing officer working in health care settinganjalatchi
The objective of dressing wounds is to promote healing. The procedure includes cleaning, disinfection and protection of the wound while respecting the rules of hygiene.
PREIEW OF EMT/EMR SOFT TISSUE POWERPOINT TRAINING PRESENTATIONBruce Vincent
Continues with the information taught in Bleeding and Shock, discussing the anatomy
of the skin and the management of soft tissue injuries and the management of burns.
Techniques of dressing and bandaging wounds will also be taught in this lesson. Lesson meets or exceeds USDOT NHTSA EMT/EMR 2009 training requirements. Presentation is over 100 slides in length. Recommended classroom time is 3 hours & 2 hours lab time.
This topic is oriented mainly on the Bailey & Love - 26th edition.
This will be of immense help for the MBBS - Students for the Theory as well as Clinical application.
This topic is oriented mainly on the Bailey & Love - 26th edition.
This will be of immense help for the MBBS - Students for the Theory as well as Clinical application.
Skin disorders which are coomon among pediatric populaion such as scabies, oral thrush, dermatophyoses, impetigo,psoriasiasi, acne and burns are explained here in this presentation.
Frostbite. Hypothermia. Classification. The reasons. Clinic. Diagnostics. Providing emergency care and resuscitation at the prehospital stage. Tactics presentation
this is brief study describes the aspects of iv cannulation for students and aspirants , this slide briefly comprises all the major aspects of cannulation .......................
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Wilsons disease- A brief medical study. martinshaji
this brief study describes all the basic aspects of Wilsons disease , including management. as this is a congenital abnormality associated with severe complications on the future proper diagnosis management , and lifestyle modifications , …..surgical options are also needed ,if necessary .
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Communicable diseases and causative agents- a detailed chart martinshaji
A communicable disease is one that is spread from one person to another through a variety of ways that include contact with blood and bodily fluids; breathing in an airborne virus or by being bitten by an insect................................................................this chart provides a clear idea regarding almost all communicable disease and their causative agents
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TDM of drugs used in organ transplantation-detailed studymartinshaji
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is testing that measures the amount of certain medicines in your blood. It is done to make sure the amount of medicine you are taking is both safe and effective. Most medicines can be dosed correctly without special testing. the slide explain all the tdm aspects of the drug in detail / Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is testing that measures the amount of certain medicines in your blood. It is done to make sure the amount of medicine you are taking is both safe and effective. Most medicines can be dosed correctly without special testing.
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Organophosphate poisoning - a brief toxicological study martinshaji
this is a brief study on organophosphate poisoning , as it being more common problem in the health sector and emergency medicine now a days , this will be much helpful among health professionals .........text me for more topics
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this case study describes about maxillofacial trauma , which details about the treatment, management , diagnosis, surgical options, patient counselling, pharmacist interventions & discussions are followed in this case .
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Sleep disorders - a brief medical study martinshaji
A sleep disorder is any condition that involves difficulty experienced when sleep , such disorders involve daytime fatigue causing severe distress and impairment to work.
SD also have an impact upon social and personal functioning
this is a brief study on all aspects of this ...............
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A case study on Pangastritis with pancreatitis martinshaji
this case study describes about Pangastritis with pancreatitis , which details about the treatment, management , diagnosis, patient counselling, pharmacist interventions & discussions are followed in this case .
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Blood transfusion-MANAGEMENT FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH SICKLE CELL DISORDER/DISE...martinshaji
Sickle cell disease is caused by a genetic mutation that leads to the production of abnormal hemoglobin known as sickle hemoglobin . Blood transfusion is the transfer of blood from one individual to another ..
Red blood cell transfusions help lessen anemia and reduce the blood’s viscosity, allowing it to flow more freely and ease disease symptoms.
this is a brief study
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Compartment syndrome,- a detailed medical study .martinshaji
Compartment syndrome is a condition that occurs when injury causes generalized painful swelling and increased pressure within a compartment to the point that blood cannot supply the muscles and nerves with oxygen and nutrients. Muscles in the forearm, lower leg and other body areas are surrounded by fibrous bands of tissues. This creates distinct compartments. The fibrous tissue is very inflexible and cannot stretch to accommodate the generalized swelling. If left untreated, muscles and nerves fail and may eventually die.
hence this is a medical emergency needed fast and great medical supervision , his study provides a detailed information regarding compartment syndrome
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Muscles -A LONG CHART ON IMAGES OF DIFFERENT MUSCLES- Myology|, kinesiology- ...martinshaji
this is a long chart on different types of muscles of human body with its images , this will be helpful for medical academics and better understanding , along with its names
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P h value- a long chart on different ph. values martinshaji
pH is a measure of how acidic/basic water is. The range goes from 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral. pHs of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base. pH is really a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the water .
this is a long chart on ph value of different substances
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12 basic facts about tetracyclines - medical information martinshaji
Tetracyclines are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics used in the management and treatment of a variety of infectious diseases. Naturally occurring drugs in this class are tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and demeclocycline. used to treat infections caused by susceptible microorganisms such as gram positive and gram negative bacteria, chlamydiae, mycoplasmata, protozoans, or rickettsiae.
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8 signs and symptoms of breast cancer you - medical information martinshaji
After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in the United States. hence it is necessary to know its major symptoms which will help you to avoid a life threatening condition easily .....
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How to have a Clear Skin....HEALTH INFORMATION martinshaji
Clear skin is possible for everyone if you follow a basic good skincare routine for your unique skin type. these are some common methods for having good clear skin on considering medical aspects ,
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Liver failure is a life-threatening condition that demands urgent medical care.
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of cirrhosis, liver cancer, and acute and chronic liver failure and as such causes significant morbidity and mortality.
this is a brief study on liver failure and associated liver conditions and stages of conditions ,
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Natural ways to build healthy bones - health information martinshaji
Bone health is important throughout life. While you can never regain the bone density you had in your youth, you can help prevent rapidly thinning bones, even after your diagnosis. Calcium is a crucial building block of bone tissue. Vitamin D helps the body absorb and process calcium. Together, these two nutrients are the cornerstone of healthy bones.
this is a brief study for healthy bones .................................................
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Sleep According To your Age-health information | images martinshaji
Sleep plays an important role in your physical health. For example, sleep is involved in healing and repair of your heart and blood vessels.
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Doctors once thought bony growths called heel spurs brought on the pain. Now they believe that heel spurs are the result -- not the cause -- of plantar fasciitis.
Plantar fasciitis is inflammation of the thick band of tissue (also called a fascia) at the bottom of your foot that runs from your heel to your toes.
this is a brief study on plantar fasciitis
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
3. Definition: Burn is the loss of epithelium and a
varying degree of dermis due to exposure to physical
form of energy, certain chemicals or radiation.
Types Of Burn Injuries
Flame
Electrical
Chemical
Steam
Radiation
Scald
4. Classes of Burn Injury Categories of Burn and their
Equivalents:-
First Degree:- Partial thickness
Second Degree:- Superficial & Deep Dermal burns
Third Degree: Loss full thickness of skin.
CLASSES OF BURN INJURY
5. Definitions:
First Degree Burns
- Involves only the epidermis
- Characterized by erythema, pain and slight edema
Pain subsides in 48 hours
- Epidermis peels off in small scales in five to ten
days.
6. • Second Degree Burn
- Involves all the epidermis and much of the corium
- Characterized by blisters, subcutaneous edema,
presence of systemic symptoms
- - infection is a threat which may convert to third-
degree burn
7.
8. . Third Degree Burn
- Involves the entire epidermis and entire dermis down
to the deeper layers which is destroyed by
coagulation necrosis
- - Physiologic derangements are definitely present
9. Depth Of Burn: This is determined by:
• The nature of the agent
Temperature
Concentration
The length of contact
The tissues resistance to injury Skin:
vascularity thickness
10. DETERMINATION OF DEPTH & EXTENT
OF BURN INJURY
Clinical evaluation
First degree burns
Erythematous flush
Dry & painful
No blistering
Skin is intact
11. Second Degree Burns
A. Superficial:
formation of blister
smottled red or pink in appearance
quite painful and sensitive to air
blanching on pressure
pinprick increased
B . Deep Dermal:
mottled appearance pain
Positive blisters
fixed discoloration
12. THIRD DEGREE BURNS
Dry, dead white or charred in appearances
Skin feels leathery
Hair pulls out easily and painfully
Oedema
No capillary refill
Broken skin with fat exposed
13. ASSESSMENT OF AREA OF BURN
This done using the “ rule of mines “
The body is divided up in to eleven areas, each
representing 9 percentage of the total body surface
14. Body area Percentage of burn
Head and neck 9%
Anterior trunk 18%
Posterior trunk 18%
Rt . Lower extremity 18%
lt . Lower extremity 18%
Rt . Upper extremity 9%
Lt . Lower extremity 9%
Ext .genitalia & perineum 1%
15.
16. Guide To Management ,
. Minor burns (less than 10%) can be treated in the
hospital on out patient basis
• Moderate and severe burns.......hospitalized for
treatment
• Adult patients sustaining more than 20% burn require.
Intravenous therapy.
17.
18.
19. First Aid Treatment.
Place the burning person in a horizontal position and roll
him over in a blanket.
In case of respiratory arrest, do positive breathing, using the
mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-mask technique.
Cover the wound to minimize contamination and inhibit
pain by preventing air to come in contact with the injured
surface.(use clean sheet or cloth) ,
20. . Apply cold bath:
- normal saline
- kept at 10 to 15C.
Medications or home remedies should not bepp1ied
Facilitate transport to a hospital of severely burned
patients.
21. Burn Therapy For Severe Burns:
Assure an adequate airway
Look for and treat immediate life-threatening conditions
perform venipuncture with large bore needle
Remove patients clothing Obtain history (Cause, time,
place of burn, allergies, tetanus, diabetes, cardiac, renal
and liver disease)
22. • Insert indwelling catheter
• Cleanse wound:
• use soap & warm water
• Remove dirt
• Irrigate chemical burns copiously with water
• After the wound is cleansed, estimate %and depth of
burns in a chart
• Provide adequate analgesic as needed
• Calculate fluids
23. Dressing:
• Open Method
• Closed Occlusive Pressure Dressings
Care Of Burn Wounds
Face and perineum: exposed
Hands : polythene bags
c. Rest of the body : closed method
24. •Electrical burns
• Surface thermal burns
• Flash arcing
• True electrical injury
• Passage of current through the body
25. Later Care Of Post Burn Patients
• Oil or Vaseline
• Pressure garments
• Splints and physiotherapy Reconstructive surgery
27. Medical treatment
After you have received first aid for a major burn, your medical care
may include medications and products that are intended to encourage
healing.
Water-based treatments.
Your care team may use techniques such as ultrasound mist therapy to
clean and stimulate the wound tissue.
Fluids to prevent dehydration.
You may need intravenous (IV) fluids to prevent dehydration and organ
failure.
28. Pain and anxiety medications.
Healing burns can be incredibly painful. You may need morphine and
anti-anxiety medications — particularly for dressing changes.
Burn creams and ointments.
If you are not being transferred to a burn center, your care team may
select from a variety of topical products for wound healing, such as
bacitracin and silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene). These help prevent
infection and prepare the wound to close.
Drugs that fight infection.
If you develop an infection, you may need IV antibiotics.
29. Dressings.
Your care team may also use various specialty wound
dressings to prepare the wound to heal. If you are being
transferred to a burn center, your wound will likely be
covered in dry gauze only.
Tetanus shot.
Your doctor might recommend a tetanus shot after a burn
injury.
30. Lifestyle and home remedies
To treat minor burns, follow these steps:
Cool the burn.
Hold the burned area under cool (not cold) running water or apply a
cool, wet compress until the pain eases. Don't use ice. Putting ice
directly on a burn can cause further damage to the tissue.
Remove rings or other tight items. Try to do this quickly and gently,
before the burned area swells.
.
31. Bandage the burn.
Cover the burn with a sterile gauze bandage (not fluffy cotton). Wrap it loosely to
avoid putting pressure on burned skin. Bandaging keeps air off the area, reduces
pain and protects blistered skin.
Take a pain reliever.
Over-the-counter medications, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others),
naproxen sodium (Aleve) or acetaminophen (Tylenol, others), can help relieve
pain.
Consider a tetanus shot.
Make sure that your tetanus booster is up to date. Doctors recommend that people
get a tetanus shot at least every 10 years
32. Don't break blisters.
Fluid-filled blisters protect against infection. If a blister breaks, clean the
area with water (mild soap is optional). Apply an antibiotic ointment. But if
a rash appears, stop using the ointment.
33. Surgical and other procedures
You may need one or more of the following procedures:
Breathing assistance. If you've been burned on the face or neck,
your throat may swell shut. If that appears likely, your doctor
may insert a tube down your windpipe (trachea) to keep oxygen
supplied to your lungs.
Feeding tube.
People with extensive burns or who are undernourished may
need nutritional support. Your doctor may thread a feeding tube
through your nose to your stomach.
34. Easing blood flow around the wound.
If a burn scab (eschar) goes completely around a limb, it can
tighten and cut off the blood circulation. An eschar that goes
completely around the chest can make it difficult to breathe.
Your doctor may cut the eschar to relieve this pressure.
Skin grafts.
A skin graft is a surgical procedure in which sections of your
own healthy skin are used to replace the scar tissue caused
by deep burns. Donor skin from deceased donors or pigs can
be used as a temporary solution.
35. Plastic surgery.
Plastic surgery (reconstruction) can improve the
appearance of burn scars and increase the flexibility of
joints affected by scarring.