SOSFire! IO2 course secondary schools EN

1. Fire and burns ?
No thank you!

2. How can we prevent fire?
Causes of Fire

3. 3

4. SMOKE
A dangerous obstruction

5. 120.000
What could this figure represent?

6. 120.000
15.000 people go to a hospital for care
1200 people end up in a burns center

7. Hospital admissions burns - Total
Electric
Flame
Liquid
Chemical
‘BRW’ Status

8. Children age categories
Between 0 and 2 years
Between 12 and 16 years
Between 8 and 12 years
Between
4 and 8 years
Between
2 and 4 years

9. Hospital admissions burns - Children
Electric Flame
Liquid
Chemical
‘BRW’ Status

10. Hospital admissions burns - Adults
Flame
Electric
Liquid
Chemical
‘BRW’ Status

11. Accident locations - Adults
Accident
at home
Accident
at work
Accident
in public
Nursing
Homes
Hospital - Others

12. Types of burns
 Thermal burns (caused by heat)
 Chemical burns (caused by contact with foreign substance)
 Mechanical burns (caused by friction)
 Radiogenic burns (caused by radiation)
 Electrical burns (caused after contact with electricity)

13. Thermal burns (heat)
Fire
Liquids
Gas
Hot objects

14. The main cause with
children
Hot water burns

15. Chemical burns (contact with foreign substance)
‘Corrosive' substance (acid-
base)
‘Interactive' fabric
NEVER start mixing on your own
initiative !!!
Always bring product (bottle /
packaging) with you to
emergency admission

16. Chemical burns (contact with foreign substance)

17. Mechanical burns (caused by friction)
Friction with objects
Falling accidents
Work accidents

18. Radiogenic burns (caused by radiation)
 Sun
 Nuclear radiation
 Light beams (lazer)

19. Electrical burns (contact with electricity)
Electric current through the body
DANGEROUS!!!
 Low voltage
 High voltage
HIGH VOLTAGE
MORTAL DANGER

20. Electrical burns – Low AC Voltage
 Always two visible burns at the inlet and
outlet of the power
 Minor but deep burns

21. Electrical burns – High AC Voltage
 Always 2 burns, in and out
 Deep burns
 Subcutaneous burn
 Often dead from electrification

22. Depth of burns
3 degrees
First degree
Second degree
Third degree
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23. Treating burns – depth & gradation
First degree
Redness
Skin is closed
Skin feels painful
23

24. Treating the burns (depth - gradation)
24
2nd degree superficial
Blisters
Pain
2nd degree deep
No Blisters
(cloudy) pink - red
Pain

25. Treating burns (depth & gradation)
Third degree
Colors white or black
No pain
No recovery
25

26. If someone's clothes are burning, do I have to
extinguish the flames with water?
Theorem

27. Treating burns – Roadmap
Step 1: Extinguish the fire
 Extinguish the flames with a sturdy cloth
Step 2: Remove clothing
 Unnecessary clothing during flushing can help the victim cool
down more quickly
 Do not peel off clothing that is stuck in the skin! Remove these
carefully with scissors, leaving the pieces that are stuck in
place.
27

28. Treating burns – Roadmap
Step 3: RINSE with WATER
28
WATER FIRST
MORE CARE AFTERWARDS

29. You should rinse burns with lukewarm water
for 20 minutes
Theorem

30. Treating burns – Roadmap
Step 3: RINSE with WATER
30
Rinse water temperature: 8 – 25°C = Lukewarm
Cooling for 20 minutes – tap water!
Upon arrival of the pre-hospital care provider: 10 minutes if in doubt
whether the flushing was effective.
- stabilization of mast cells in the skin
- suppresses histamine production => less edema. Cooling the burns has an
analgesic effect and prevents deeper burns (S. Rea, 2005). It also contributes to a
faster healing and ensures less scarring.

31. If I don't have tap water, I may
use water from a river.
Theorem

32. Treating burns – Roadmap
Step 3: RINSE with WATER
 If no tap water is available
Alternative :
• Move the victim to a home / place with tap water
• Moisten cloths with bottled water
• Immediately report to the emergency services that
there has been no or insufficient rinsing
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33. Step 3: RINSE with WATER
 No clean water
Standing water can be
contaminated very quickly!
33 Titel, versie x.x, maand / jaar van creatie versie
Treating burns – Roadmap
Prevention :
• Make sure to change the water in your water supply
weekly
• A garden hose that has been standing still for a
while must be flushed before usage

34. Treating burns – Roadmap
Step 4: Avoid hypothermia
 While flushing, check that the
victim is not hypothermic
Symptoms: decrease in consciousness, blue
lips, shivering
34
 After rinsing, bring the victim to a warm
environment or cover them with dry blankets
never place a victim on a cold and/or wet surface

35. Step 5: Covering of the burn
 A superficial burn in the open air is very
painful.
 Covering a burn has an analgesic effect.
 Covering will reduce the risk of soiling the
burn.
35
Treating burns – Roadmap

36. They say my burns will heal better
if I put butter on them
Theorem

37. What do we put on the burn?
37
Treating burns – Roadmap

38. What do we put on the burn?
38
Treating burns – Roadmap

39. Treating burns – Roadmap
Advice
1. Sterile compresses + cloths + Jelonet®
2. Metalline® sheet
3. Clean kitchen towel
4. Plastic foil  “Clingfilm” = type of cling film (*)
Benefits:
• cheap
• transparent
• does not stick
• easy to remove
• no evaporation
• airtight = analgesic
• the wound remains moist
(*) Allison, K. (2002). The UK pre-hospital management of burn patients: current practice and
the need for a standard approach. Burns , 28, 135 – 142.

40. Treating burns – Roadmap
Step 6: Give a proper handover to the
professional care providers
 Cause?
 Condition of the victim when you found it
 What actions have you taken? Resuscitation ? Flush ?
…?
 What did you cover the burns with?
40

41. When a victim has to go to the doctor?
Is the victim's condition not in imminent danger (no inhalation or
electrification or facial burns) and the burn is smaller than a 2 euro
coin?
 Care for the wound according to first aid guidelines
 Rinse, clean the wound, cover the wound
 Consult a pharmacist or doctor the same day
Is the victim's condition stable, is the burn larger than a 2 euro coin
and is the wound blistered?
 Care for the wound according to first aid guidelines
 Rinse, clean the wound, cover the wound
 Consult your doctor or nearest emergency department the
same day

42. Is the victim's condition stable and is the burn
larger than the flat of a hand?
 Call emergency services and report the condition.
 Afterwards, cooling down the patient.
 Do not remove burnt-on clothing..
 After cooling down for 20 minutes, apply a moistened sterile dressing.
For major burns, use a clean and ironed sheet or a clean kitchen
towel..
 Do not take (or give) painkillers. Pain is one of the most important
indicators of the degree of the burn.
 Do not take (or give) food or drink.
 Do not let the victim cool down.
Is it related to an electrification / inhalation or a
facial burn?
 A MUG doctor must always come on site to obtain a correct referral.
Treating burns – Roadmap

43. Burns Center

44. Admission Room

45. Patient Room

46. A Children's Patient Room

47. Intensive care

49. Wound infection
Major cause of death
 Hydrotherapy: showering and cleaning
the wounds
 Wound care
 Antibiotics

50. Limiting
infection in our patients
 Dress up

51. removing
dead skin

52. HYDROTHERAPY

53. Wound care: Light therapy
 Quickly healed with light

55. Flaminal*
Jelonet*

56. Treatment
third degree burns
 Surgery: Nature can no longer
help.

57. Debridement

59. Surgery
 Make an
abrasion
 Put skin on
burn

60. Full sheet enten

61. Enlarging the ENTEN by wholes

62. Post-treatment

63. 63
Questions / Suggestions?

64. Thank you for your attention!