Agenda 1. The changing landscape of IT Infrastructure 2. Containers - An introduction 3. Container management systems 4. Kubernetes 5. Containers and DevOps 6. Future of Infrastructure Mgmt About the talk In this talk, you will get a review of the components & the benefits of Container technologies - Docker & Kubernetes. The talk focuses on making the solution platform-independent. It gives an insight into Docker and Kubernetes for consistent and reliable Deployment. We talk about how the containers fit and improve your DevOps ecosystem and how to get started with containerization. Learn new deployment approach to effectively use your infrastructure resources to minimize the overall cost.

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2. Docker & Kubernetes: A curtain raiser to the Container world
Kalyanaraman Mahalingam
Cloud & DevOps Consultant

3. Agenda
• What is Container Technology?
• Why Containers are important for your company?
• What are its various features and use cases?
• How to get started with Docker containers.
• How to get started with Kubernetes
• Q&A session.

4. Macro view of Docker & Kubernetes

5. Docker &K8 in Container World Map

6. MARKET PLAYERS

7. Various Issues in Software Industry
• Dependency Hell
• Digital Transformation V/s Legacy Paralysis
• Infrastructure Costs
• Resource Productivity
• Operational Efficiency
• The WysiWyg gap -Unexpected changes from sandbox to production

8. Buzzwords of todays Biz-tech world
• High Availability
• Fault tolerance
• Scalability
• Cross-platform integration
• Fail fast
• Short / quick release cycle
• Application isolation

9. Case study example : Uber Workflow
Complexity
Multiple customers
Various time
Multiple cab operators
Realtime tracking
End-to-end consistency

10. Docker Official Introduction
Thanks: docker.com

11. Docker Official Introduction
Thanks: docker.com

12. Why DevOps ?
• Oscar the Ops Guy
• Worries about what’s “outside” the
container
• Logging
• Remote access
• Monitoring
• Network config
• All containers start, stop, copy, attach,
migrate, etc. the same way
• Dan the Developer
• Worries about what’s “inside” the container
• His code
• His Libraries
• His Package Manager
• His Apps
• His Data
• All Linux servers look the same

13. Why Developers ?
Build once…run anywhere
• A clean, safe, hygienic and portable runtime environment for your app.
• No worries about missing dependencies, packages and other pain points during subsequent deployments.
• Run each app in its own isolated container, so you can run various versions of libraries and other
dependencies for each app without worrying
• Automate testing, integration, packaging…anything you can script
• Reduce/eliminate concerns about compatibility on different platforms, either your own or your customers.
• Cheap, zero-penalty containers to deploy services. A VM without the overhead of a VM. Instant replay and
reset of image snapshots.

14. Why Ops ?
Configure once…run anything
• Make the entire lifecycle more efficient, consistent, and repeatable
• Increase the quality of code produced by developers.
• Eliminate inconsistencies between development, test, production, and customer environments
• Support segregation of duties
• Significantly improves the speed and reliability of continuous deployment and continuous integration
systems
• Because the containers are so lightweight, address significant performance, costs, deployment, and
portability issues normally associated with VMs

15. How ?

16. Containers

17. Containers
➔ A container an entirely isolated set of packages, libraries and/or applications that are completely independent
from its surroundings.
➔ In the simplest example, you place your leftovers in a plastic container and then set it on the table. Although
the table lends the platform on which the leftovers are resting upon, they are independent of the table itself.
What you do to one does not necessarily affect the other (although in certain instances it can).

18. Containerisation
➔ Containerisation is the technique of bringing virtualisation to the operating system level.
➔ Containerisation is more efficient because there is no guest OS here
➔ It utilises, as and when needed:
▪ Host’s operating system,
▪ Share relevant libraries
▪ .. and other resources

19. Containerisation
➔ Advantages of Containerisation
◆ Containers on the same OS kernel are lighter and smaller
◆ Better resource utilisation compared to VMs
◆ Boot-up process is short and takes few seconds
Challenges in Containerisation
Adds complexity to the existing architecture initially

20. Docker

21. Docker Official Introduction
Credits: www.docker.com

22. Lets go to Wiki
Credits: www.docker.com

23. Docker Containers
➔Wraps up a piece of software in a complete file system that contains everything it needs to run: code, runtime,
system tools, system libraries ( anything you can install on a server).
➔By encapsulating and isolating everything in a container, this guarantees that the container will always run the
same, regardless of the environment it is running in.

24. Containers

25. Docker Instance Setup

26. Docker
➔ Open source software platform to create, deploy and manage virtualised application containers on a common
OS, with an ecosystem of allied tools.
➔ Docker Inc., the company that originally developed Docker, supports a commercial edition and is the principal
sponsor of the open source tool
➔ Offers the ability to isolate your Applications, standardise your build and deployment process and to create
standard, repeatable processes in your software and infrastructure.
➔ The whole idea of Docker is for developers to easily develop applications, ship them into containers which can
then be deployed anywhere.

27. Features of Docker
➔ Docker has the ability to reduce the size of development by providing a smaller footprint of the operating system via
containers.
➔ With containers, it becomes easier for teams across different units, such as development, QA and Operations to work
seamlessly across applications.
➔ You can deploy Docker containers anywhere, on any physical and virtual machines and even on the cloud.
➔ Since Docker containers are pretty lightweight,
they are very easily scalable.

28. When to use Docker
➔ Configuration Simplification
➔ Enhance Developer Productivity
➔ Server Consolidation and Management
➔ Application Isolation
➔ Rapid Deployment
➔ Build Management (maven, Jenkins)

29. Docker ecosystem

30. Docker Components

31. Docker Architecture
https://hub.docker.com/

32. Docker Terminology
➔ Docker Daemon
◆ Runs on Host machine,
◆ Creates and manages docker objects such as
● Images,
● Containers,
● Network,
● Volume,
● Data etc
➔ Docker Client
◆ User Interface for docker which accepts commands from user and communicates with docker host

33. Docker Terminology
➔ Docker Images
◆ Used to create docker containers, provides way to build new images or update existing images
◆ Build component of docker
➔ Docker Containers
◆ Created from docker images
◆ Hold everything that is needed for an application to run
◆ Isolated and secure application platform
◆ Run component of docker

34. Docker Terminology
➔ Dockerfile
◆ Starting point of the dockerization process.
◆ Details the configuration of an application and specifies resources needed
◆ Tells the image builder (eg. Jenkins) what the image should look like.
➔ Docker Registries
◆ Public or private stores from which you upload/download images
◆ Can be done on docker hub which is docker’s version of github
◆ Distribution component of docker

35. Docker Terminology
➔ Docker Engine
◆ The container runtime with built in orchestration, networking and security that installs on any physical,
virtual (VM) or cloud host (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud Enterprise etc).
◆ The lightweight runtime installs directly on the host OS i.e Windows Server 2016, Ubuntu, CentOS, RHEL
OpenSUSE.

36. Docker Terminology …
➔Containers are built from a Docker image.
➔The Docker image uses union filesystems and is comprised of multiple layers.
➔ “docker run” command spins up a container from the defined image
➔Commands include creating new containers, scaling existing containers, stopping, removing

37. Image and Container

38. Multiple Containers using same image

39. Sharing Storage Space

40. Dockerfile

41. Dockerfile
FROM ubuntu:15.10
COPY . /app
RUN make /app
CMD python /app/app.py
◆ The FROM statement
◆ The COPY command adds some files from your Docker client’s current directory.
◆ The RUN command builds your application using the make command.
◆ The CMD command specifies what command to run within the container.

42. Docker Lifecycle

43. Docker Datacenter -EE

45. ● Kubernetes is a container orchestration tool/platform.
● Used for automating deployment, scaling, and operations of containerized
applications.
● Kubernetes is the linux kernel of distributed systems
● Kubernetes supports Containerd (docker), Rkt, Cri-o and other containers
What is Kubernetes

46. Kubernetes - Overview
● Kubernetes is an open-source system for automating deployment,
scaling, and management of containerized applications.
● It groups containers that make up an application into logical units for
easy management and discovery.
● Kubernetes automates the distribution and scheduling of application
containers across a cluster in a more efficient way.

47. Evolution on application side

48. Applications Require:
● Replication of components
● Auto-scaling
● Load balancing
● Rolling updates
● Logging across components
● Monitoring and health checking
● Service discovery
● Authentication

49. ● Free and Open source
● First Graduated project of CNCF
● Community driven
● Running in production
● Modular and extensible
● Hosted and supported by various cloud service providers
Why Kubernetes ?

50. Functions of Kubernetes
Kubernetes is used to ensure -
• scheduling the deployment of a certain number of containers to a specific node,
• managing networking between the containers,
• following the resource allocation,
• moving them around as they grow and many more.

51. Kubernetes Architecture

52. How Kubernetes works ?

53. Kubernetes Single instance setup

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