This document discusses using containers and supercomputers to enable open science. It describes how supercomputers are used for diverse scientific research in many fields. Containers can help address issues with portability and scalability on supercomputers by replicating software environments. Shifter enables the use of Docker containers on supercomputers while addressing security and performance concerns. Examples are given of scientific projects using containers, such as astronomy, particle physics, and biology projects. Ensuring reproducibility of results through containerization is also discussed.