A case study the objective of the national skills strategy to encourage entrepreneurship and technical education and vocational training authority-punjab
The document outlines various skill development schemes and initiatives in India targeted at different groups. It provides details on 26 schemes that aim to provide vocational training, develop entrepreneurial skills, and improve employability for school dropouts, women, rural and urban poor, minority and tribal youth, those in left wing extremist areas, and persons with disabilities. The schemes are implemented by various government agencies and aim to boost self-employment and reduce unemployment across these disadvantaged groups in India.
RURAL SKILL DEVELOPMENT PRESENTATION BY AMAN DWIVEDIAman Dwivedi
RURALSKILL DEVELOPMENT
Objectives of “Skill India”
Features of Skill India
Seekho Aur Kamao
Skill Development Scheme of NBCFDC
Employment through Skills Training and Placement (EST&P)
Self-Employment Program (SEP)
Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM)
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojna(PMKVY)
Skill Development Initiative Scheme (SDIS)
NSDC self-sponsored training (NSDC)
Problems Faced For Rural Development In India
Highlighting the government’s focus on Skill Development to achieve economic & social development through the country’s huge active population (between 15-45 years), the presentation details the changing scenario of the skill development sector in India and the state of Gujarat.
1) The document discusses the importance of skill development for farmers in India to improve agricultural productivity and management. It argues that training should be recognized as a fourth functional area of agriculture, along with teaching, research, and extension.
2) Krishi Vigyan Kendras (Farm Science Centers) were established to provide vocational training to farmers and extension workers to impart the latest agricultural knowledge and skills. Training programs focus on "learning by doing" and are tailored to local needs and resources.
3) However, more specialized skill-oriented training is needed to develop trained groups for particular agricultural areas and technologies, in order to boost high-tech scientific agriculture and commercial crop production.
Skills Development for MSMEs: Mapping of Key Initiatives in IndiaAnup Kumar Das
Skills Development for MSMEs: Mapping of Key Initiatives in India. Presented in the 2013 Asian Conference on Innovation and Policy, New Delhi, India, August 2013.
1) The document discusses India's growing skills gap problem as its population reaches working age. Only 10-17% of graduates are currently employable, which will severely limit economic growth.
2) It introduces the India Skills Report 2014, a joint initiative between CII, PeopleStrong, and Wheebox to assess 100,000 students' skills across India and survey corporations' hiring needs.
3) The report aims to provide insight into the current talent landscape and skills levels to help stakeholders address the skills gap problem through informed partnerships between education and industry.
Skill Development Program - An initiative of DLF FoundationDLF Foundation
The document discusses the skill gap issue in India. It notes that there are 39 million registered unemployed Indians and 260 million underemployed or unemployed aged 18-50. Vocational training is stigmatized in India and seen as a dead end with few linkages to higher education. To address this, the DLF Foundation aims to train and employ 1 million marginalized youth through their DLF LIFE Skill Development Programme by establishing 250 training centers across India with a focus on life skills and trades in demand. So far 16 centers have trained 1700 trainees who have been placed with major brands.
The document outlines various skill development schemes and initiatives in India targeted at different groups. It provides details on 26 schemes that aim to provide vocational training, develop entrepreneurial skills, and improve employability for school dropouts, women, rural and urban poor, minority and tribal youth, those in left wing extremist areas, and persons with disabilities. The schemes are implemented by various government agencies and aim to boost self-employment and reduce unemployment across these disadvantaged groups in India.
RURAL SKILL DEVELOPMENT PRESENTATION BY AMAN DWIVEDIAman Dwivedi
RURALSKILL DEVELOPMENT
Objectives of “Skill India”
Features of Skill India
Seekho Aur Kamao
Skill Development Scheme of NBCFDC
Employment through Skills Training and Placement (EST&P)
Self-Employment Program (SEP)
Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM)
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojna(PMKVY)
Skill Development Initiative Scheme (SDIS)
NSDC self-sponsored training (NSDC)
Problems Faced For Rural Development In India
Highlighting the government’s focus on Skill Development to achieve economic & social development through the country’s huge active population (between 15-45 years), the presentation details the changing scenario of the skill development sector in India and the state of Gujarat.
1) The document discusses the importance of skill development for farmers in India to improve agricultural productivity and management. It argues that training should be recognized as a fourth functional area of agriculture, along with teaching, research, and extension.
2) Krishi Vigyan Kendras (Farm Science Centers) were established to provide vocational training to farmers and extension workers to impart the latest agricultural knowledge and skills. Training programs focus on "learning by doing" and are tailored to local needs and resources.
3) However, more specialized skill-oriented training is needed to develop trained groups for particular agricultural areas and technologies, in order to boost high-tech scientific agriculture and commercial crop production.
Skills Development for MSMEs: Mapping of Key Initiatives in IndiaAnup Kumar Das
Skills Development for MSMEs: Mapping of Key Initiatives in India. Presented in the 2013 Asian Conference on Innovation and Policy, New Delhi, India, August 2013.
1) The document discusses India's growing skills gap problem as its population reaches working age. Only 10-17% of graduates are currently employable, which will severely limit economic growth.
2) It introduces the India Skills Report 2014, a joint initiative between CII, PeopleStrong, and Wheebox to assess 100,000 students' skills across India and survey corporations' hiring needs.
3) The report aims to provide insight into the current talent landscape and skills levels to help stakeholders address the skills gap problem through informed partnerships between education and industry.
Skill Development Program - An initiative of DLF FoundationDLF Foundation
The document discusses the skill gap issue in India. It notes that there are 39 million registered unemployed Indians and 260 million underemployed or unemployed aged 18-50. Vocational training is stigmatized in India and seen as a dead end with few linkages to higher education. To address this, the DLF Foundation aims to train and employ 1 million marginalized youth through their DLF LIFE Skill Development Programme by establishing 250 training centers across India with a focus on life skills and trades in demand. So far 16 centers have trained 1700 trainees who have been placed with major brands.
Policy for skill development and entrepreneurship 2015Hardik Patel
This document outlines India's National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship from 2015. It provides background on India's large young population and need to equip workers with skills to leverage the demographic dividend. The policy aims to meet the challenge of large-scale skilling with quality and sustainability. It establishes an institutional framework and identifies stakeholders responsible for skill development and entrepreneurship promotion, including government, corporations, training providers and organizations. The policy links skills to employment and productivity growth.
Dlf Foundaton is running many programs for labor which is very helpful for their skill development. In these programs Dlf Foundation is providing skill to employed youth and Labors so that they can earn their livelihood easily For more infor visit dlffoundation.in.
Skill Development - 12th Plan Hackathon - 6th April 2013NITI Aayog
The document discusses India's need to develop skills among its large workforce in order to sustain economic growth. It notes that most of India's workforce has low levels of education and skills and is employed in low-paying sectors like agriculture. While India has the second largest workforce globally, there are still labor shortages in many skilled fields. The document outlines India's plan in the 12th Five Year Plan to address this "skills paradox" through expanding training programs, increasing training capacity, improving coordination between sectors, and setting up a national skills agency to improve quality and relevance of training. The goal is to skill 50 million people during the 12th Plan period and 9 million people in 2013-14 specifically.
1) The document discusses skills and jobs for young India through the government's Skill India initiative.
2) It notes that 65% of India's population is under 35 years old, but only 3.5% of the workforce is skilled, compared to 40-50% globally.
3) The Skill India program aims to provide skills training to over 40 crore people by 2022 to develop India's workforce and support other initiatives like Make in India.
Presentation on Skill India - PMKVY
This Presentation is all about the schemes of P.M. Narendra Modi
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana and Skill India
Skilling In India PPT- Presented at the International Conference hosted by D....Edulight Learning Services
Presentation on Skilling In India by Mr. Jeetendra Nair, CEO & M.D. of Edulight at the One Day International Conference hosted by D.A.V College on 7th March 2015.
http://jeetendranairwordpress.com/2015/12/18/international-conference-at-d-a-v-college-7th-march-2015/
Vibrant Gujarat Summit on Skill Ecosystem sector designVibrant Gujarat
Skill development has become vital for sustainable economic growth, especially for countries giving ways to emerging opportunitiesWith the emergence of technologies and innovations in different parts of the world, it has become imperative for the governments to prioritize skill development to compete globally.Stake holders of the skill development industries from the trainees to the eminent policy makers of the sector spoke volumes about the popularity of not only the conference but the underlying concern for an evolving skill development sector.
Presentation for Skill Development Scenario in RanchiAvikalp Mishra
This document provides an overview and analysis of skill development in Jharkhand, India. Some key points:
- The Jharkhand Skill Development Mission Society (JSDMS) was created to oversee skill development initiatives in the state and bring convergence between state and national policies.
- A skill gap analysis of Ranchi found high demand for training in food processing, banking, automotive, IT/ITES, iron and steel, and healthcare. Youth also highly aspire to these sectors.
- The National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship 2015 aims to standardize skill training nationally and ensure outcomes of increased employability. All training must be aligned with the National Skills Qualification
M.B.A FINISHING SCHOOL,Nizamabad,Telangana state,offers an innovative in initiative "PROJECT INSPIRIT", is a one-day work shop aimed at creating new generation entrepreneurs in Telangana. This initiative is especially a motivation development programme aimed at creating self awareness and self-confidence among the students of degree, post graduation, engineering, M.B.A etc, to undertake entrepreneurship as their career.
Building india 2022-_a_human_resource_super_powerAbhishek Tanna
This document discusses building India as a human resource superpower by 2022 through skill development initiatives. It notes that India has a large working age population that can provide a demographic dividend if harnessed through proper skill training. The document outlines India's vision of developing a 700 million strong, globally employable workforce by 2022 comprising university graduates and vocationally skilled workers. It discusses partnerships between government, industry and training institutions to map skill needs, conduct community outreach, provide vocational training, industry certification and placement assistance. The document advocates for developing 21st century skills and industry-relevant higher education to bridge skills gaps and make the workforce employable. It presents India's readiness to achieve its human resource superpower goals through systematic
This document discusses India's efforts to develop training and skills through various government programs. It provides an overview of the Skill India campaign launched in 2015, which aims to train 500 million youth by 2020. The campaign involves multiple initiatives like the National Skill Development Mission, Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana scheme for recognizing and certifying skills, and a Skill Loan scheme to provide funding for training programs. The goal is to increase the skilled workforce in India and empower youth with skills needed for employment opportunities.
This document provides an overview of the automobile industry in Uganda, including a STEEPLED analysis of the industry's external environment factors. It discusses the current state of Uganda's automobile market, which is dominated by used vehicles imported from Japan due to high costs of new vehicles for most Ugandans. The STEEPLED analysis covers social, technological, economic, environmental, political, legal, ethical, and demographic factors influencing the industry. Key points include Uganda's underdeveloped road infrastructure, the potential for electric vehicles, and the industry's importance to employment.
Muskan is the leading training partner of PMKVY(Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana) in all over India.
http://www.skillindiamission.com/pmkvy-pradhan-mantri-kaushal-vikas-yojana-training-centre-franchise-scheme.php
Skill India - A Skill Development CampaignBhavesh Singh
This PowerPoint presentation on ''Skill India "" provide us with the basic information related to the campaign started by the Prime Minister of India Narendra Damodardas Modi in a pictorial and unique manner .
Skill India is a campaign launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 15 July 2015 with an aim to train over 40 crore (400 million) people in India in different skills by 2022. It includes various initiatives of the government like "National Skill Development Mission", "National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, 2015", "Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)" and the "Skill Loan scheme".Skill India campaign was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 15 July 2015 to train over 40 crore people in India in different skills by 2022.UK has entered into a partnership with India under this programme. Virtual partnerships will be initiated at the school level to enable young people of either country to experience the school system of the other country and develop an understanding of the culture, traditions and social and family systems. A commitment to achieve mutual recognition of UK and Indian qualifications was made.
The National Skill Development Mission (NSDM) was established to address India's large skilling needs. It has a three-tier structure headed by the Prime Minister and aims to provide skills training and opportunities for lifelong learning. The objectives of NSDM include matching skills to market demand, promoting entrepreneurship, and establishing quality teacher training. It will oversee initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana skill training program. The mission coordinates efforts across ministries and aims to skill over 400 million Indian workers and fresh entrants to the job market by 2022.
Prime Minister Modi has launched the Skill India initiative to provide skill training to 40 crore people by 2022. Several programs are part of this initiative, including the National Skill Development Mission, National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship 2015, Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana scheme, and the Skill Loan scheme. The goal is to recognize existing skills through programs like Recognition of Prior Learning and provide new training and loans to help 34 lakh youth get skills to improve their employment prospects. Special camps and an awareness campaign are working to promote these programs across India to develop a skilled workforce and entrepreneurial spirit.
The document discusses India's Skill India initiative. It notes that the current education system does not provide employable skills, and many workers have outdated skills, while 75% of new jobs will require skills. The government is emphasizing vocational education and training to upgrade skills. It provides an overview of the components of India's skill development ecosystem, including the National Skill Development Agency, Sector Skill Councils, and the National Skill Development Corporation, which aims to skill 500 million workers by 2022. The Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana scheme aims to provide industry-relevant training to 24 lakh youth, with financial rewards upon completion.
The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) was established as a public-private partnership to address the growing demand for skilled workers in India. [1] It aims to boost private sector participation in skill development programs and provide funding support. [2] NSDC is a non-profit company with 51% private sector ownership and 49% government ownership. It is managed by a board of directors and professionals. [3] Key functions include funding skill development initiatives and providing support services to sectors such as automobiles, textiles, electronics, construction, food processing, IT, media, and healthcare.
Skill India is a program launched by Prime Minister Modi in 2015 with the aim to train over 40 crore people in different skills. It includes initiatives like the National Skill Development Mission, National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana, and the Skill Loan scheme. The objectives are to identify new sectors, provide training and skill development, and create opportunities. Eligibility requires being a minimum of 18 years old with an Aadhar card and bank debit card. The program provides standardized training courses and certifications with a focus on new and developing sectors to improve employment and entrepreneurship.
Practical approaches to address government contracting problemsJohn Gilligan
This document discusses common problems in government contracting and provides best practices to address them. It identifies the following key problems: source selection takes too long and costs too much; difficulty locking down requirements; fear of protests limits interaction; failure to get innovative ideas once contracted; and lack of experienced acquisition staff. The best practices proposed to address these problems include: rapidly downselecting bidders; limiting emphasis on out-year pricing; promoting industry dialogue to define requirements; improving communication to reduce protests; using incentives to motivate continued innovation; and using collaboration and online support to leverage limited expertise.
This document is a narrative report submitted by a student, Christian Jules Mondano, for their on-the-job training (OJT) at Trento External Studies Center in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Information Technology degree. The report details Christian's autobiography, acknowledges those who supported them, and summarizes the activities and lessons learned during their OJT, including maintaining campus cleanliness, logging computer use, learning technical skills like troubleshooting and installing operating systems, and understanding the value of hands-on work experience.
Policy for skill development and entrepreneurship 2015Hardik Patel
This document outlines India's National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship from 2015. It provides background on India's large young population and need to equip workers with skills to leverage the demographic dividend. The policy aims to meet the challenge of large-scale skilling with quality and sustainability. It establishes an institutional framework and identifies stakeholders responsible for skill development and entrepreneurship promotion, including government, corporations, training providers and organizations. The policy links skills to employment and productivity growth.
Dlf Foundaton is running many programs for labor which is very helpful for their skill development. In these programs Dlf Foundation is providing skill to employed youth and Labors so that they can earn their livelihood easily For more infor visit dlffoundation.in.
Skill Development - 12th Plan Hackathon - 6th April 2013NITI Aayog
The document discusses India's need to develop skills among its large workforce in order to sustain economic growth. It notes that most of India's workforce has low levels of education and skills and is employed in low-paying sectors like agriculture. While India has the second largest workforce globally, there are still labor shortages in many skilled fields. The document outlines India's plan in the 12th Five Year Plan to address this "skills paradox" through expanding training programs, increasing training capacity, improving coordination between sectors, and setting up a national skills agency to improve quality and relevance of training. The goal is to skill 50 million people during the 12th Plan period and 9 million people in 2013-14 specifically.
1) The document discusses skills and jobs for young India through the government's Skill India initiative.
2) It notes that 65% of India's population is under 35 years old, but only 3.5% of the workforce is skilled, compared to 40-50% globally.
3) The Skill India program aims to provide skills training to over 40 crore people by 2022 to develop India's workforce and support other initiatives like Make in India.
Presentation on Skill India - PMKVY
This Presentation is all about the schemes of P.M. Narendra Modi
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana and Skill India
Skilling In India PPT- Presented at the International Conference hosted by D....Edulight Learning Services
Presentation on Skilling In India by Mr. Jeetendra Nair, CEO & M.D. of Edulight at the One Day International Conference hosted by D.A.V College on 7th March 2015.
http://jeetendranairwordpress.com/2015/12/18/international-conference-at-d-a-v-college-7th-march-2015/
Vibrant Gujarat Summit on Skill Ecosystem sector designVibrant Gujarat
Skill development has become vital for sustainable economic growth, especially for countries giving ways to emerging opportunitiesWith the emergence of technologies and innovations in different parts of the world, it has become imperative for the governments to prioritize skill development to compete globally.Stake holders of the skill development industries from the trainees to the eminent policy makers of the sector spoke volumes about the popularity of not only the conference but the underlying concern for an evolving skill development sector.
Presentation for Skill Development Scenario in RanchiAvikalp Mishra
This document provides an overview and analysis of skill development in Jharkhand, India. Some key points:
- The Jharkhand Skill Development Mission Society (JSDMS) was created to oversee skill development initiatives in the state and bring convergence between state and national policies.
- A skill gap analysis of Ranchi found high demand for training in food processing, banking, automotive, IT/ITES, iron and steel, and healthcare. Youth also highly aspire to these sectors.
- The National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship 2015 aims to standardize skill training nationally and ensure outcomes of increased employability. All training must be aligned with the National Skills Qualification
M.B.A FINISHING SCHOOL,Nizamabad,Telangana state,offers an innovative in initiative "PROJECT INSPIRIT", is a one-day work shop aimed at creating new generation entrepreneurs in Telangana. This initiative is especially a motivation development programme aimed at creating self awareness and self-confidence among the students of degree, post graduation, engineering, M.B.A etc, to undertake entrepreneurship as their career.
Building india 2022-_a_human_resource_super_powerAbhishek Tanna
This document discusses building India as a human resource superpower by 2022 through skill development initiatives. It notes that India has a large working age population that can provide a demographic dividend if harnessed through proper skill training. The document outlines India's vision of developing a 700 million strong, globally employable workforce by 2022 comprising university graduates and vocationally skilled workers. It discusses partnerships between government, industry and training institutions to map skill needs, conduct community outreach, provide vocational training, industry certification and placement assistance. The document advocates for developing 21st century skills and industry-relevant higher education to bridge skills gaps and make the workforce employable. It presents India's readiness to achieve its human resource superpower goals through systematic
This document discusses India's efforts to develop training and skills through various government programs. It provides an overview of the Skill India campaign launched in 2015, which aims to train 500 million youth by 2020. The campaign involves multiple initiatives like the National Skill Development Mission, Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana scheme for recognizing and certifying skills, and a Skill Loan scheme to provide funding for training programs. The goal is to increase the skilled workforce in India and empower youth with skills needed for employment opportunities.
This document provides an overview of the automobile industry in Uganda, including a STEEPLED analysis of the industry's external environment factors. It discusses the current state of Uganda's automobile market, which is dominated by used vehicles imported from Japan due to high costs of new vehicles for most Ugandans. The STEEPLED analysis covers social, technological, economic, environmental, political, legal, ethical, and demographic factors influencing the industry. Key points include Uganda's underdeveloped road infrastructure, the potential for electric vehicles, and the industry's importance to employment.
Muskan is the leading training partner of PMKVY(Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana) in all over India.
http://www.skillindiamission.com/pmkvy-pradhan-mantri-kaushal-vikas-yojana-training-centre-franchise-scheme.php
Skill India - A Skill Development CampaignBhavesh Singh
This PowerPoint presentation on ''Skill India "" provide us with the basic information related to the campaign started by the Prime Minister of India Narendra Damodardas Modi in a pictorial and unique manner .
Skill India is a campaign launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 15 July 2015 with an aim to train over 40 crore (400 million) people in India in different skills by 2022. It includes various initiatives of the government like "National Skill Development Mission", "National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, 2015", "Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)" and the "Skill Loan scheme".Skill India campaign was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 15 July 2015 to train over 40 crore people in India in different skills by 2022.UK has entered into a partnership with India under this programme. Virtual partnerships will be initiated at the school level to enable young people of either country to experience the school system of the other country and develop an understanding of the culture, traditions and social and family systems. A commitment to achieve mutual recognition of UK and Indian qualifications was made.
The National Skill Development Mission (NSDM) was established to address India's large skilling needs. It has a three-tier structure headed by the Prime Minister and aims to provide skills training and opportunities for lifelong learning. The objectives of NSDM include matching skills to market demand, promoting entrepreneurship, and establishing quality teacher training. It will oversee initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana skill training program. The mission coordinates efforts across ministries and aims to skill over 400 million Indian workers and fresh entrants to the job market by 2022.
Prime Minister Modi has launched the Skill India initiative to provide skill training to 40 crore people by 2022. Several programs are part of this initiative, including the National Skill Development Mission, National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship 2015, Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana scheme, and the Skill Loan scheme. The goal is to recognize existing skills through programs like Recognition of Prior Learning and provide new training and loans to help 34 lakh youth get skills to improve their employment prospects. Special camps and an awareness campaign are working to promote these programs across India to develop a skilled workforce and entrepreneurial spirit.
The document discusses India's Skill India initiative. It notes that the current education system does not provide employable skills, and many workers have outdated skills, while 75% of new jobs will require skills. The government is emphasizing vocational education and training to upgrade skills. It provides an overview of the components of India's skill development ecosystem, including the National Skill Development Agency, Sector Skill Councils, and the National Skill Development Corporation, which aims to skill 500 million workers by 2022. The Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana scheme aims to provide industry-relevant training to 24 lakh youth, with financial rewards upon completion.
The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) was established as a public-private partnership to address the growing demand for skilled workers in India. [1] It aims to boost private sector participation in skill development programs and provide funding support. [2] NSDC is a non-profit company with 51% private sector ownership and 49% government ownership. It is managed by a board of directors and professionals. [3] Key functions include funding skill development initiatives and providing support services to sectors such as automobiles, textiles, electronics, construction, food processing, IT, media, and healthcare.
Skill India is a program launched by Prime Minister Modi in 2015 with the aim to train over 40 crore people in different skills. It includes initiatives like the National Skill Development Mission, National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana, and the Skill Loan scheme. The objectives are to identify new sectors, provide training and skill development, and create opportunities. Eligibility requires being a minimum of 18 years old with an Aadhar card and bank debit card. The program provides standardized training courses and certifications with a focus on new and developing sectors to improve employment and entrepreneurship.
Practical approaches to address government contracting problemsJohn Gilligan
This document discusses common problems in government contracting and provides best practices to address them. It identifies the following key problems: source selection takes too long and costs too much; difficulty locking down requirements; fear of protests limits interaction; failure to get innovative ideas once contracted; and lack of experienced acquisition staff. The best practices proposed to address these problems include: rapidly downselecting bidders; limiting emphasis on out-year pricing; promoting industry dialogue to define requirements; improving communication to reduce protests; using incentives to motivate continued innovation; and using collaboration and online support to leverage limited expertise.
This document is a narrative report submitted by a student, Christian Jules Mondano, for their on-the-job training (OJT) at Trento External Studies Center in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Information Technology degree. The report details Christian's autobiography, acknowledges those who supported them, and summarizes the activities and lessons learned during their OJT, including maintaining campus cleanliness, logging computer use, learning technical skills like troubleshooting and installing operating systems, and understanding the value of hands-on work experience.
The student trainee assisted with tasks like encoding records, computing reports, arranging documents, and distributing forms. They learned office procedures such as processing payments, maintaining records, and assisting visitors. The daily activities provided hands-on experience in the operations of the Municipal Treasurer's Office.
On-the-job OJT narrative report of an intern in BS Chemistry profession. Includes the analysis conducted, and the theories behind such, and some personal comments from the author.
Government budgeting & expenditures issues & problemsLouie Medinaceli
The document summarizes the Philippine government's implementation of a medium-term expenditure framework (MTEF), also known as multi-year budgeting, to address limitations of its previous one-year budgeting system. The MTEF establishes three-year budget ceilings and baselines for government agencies to foster fiscal discipline, strategic prioritization of resources, and improved operational efficiencies. It also links the budget more closely to the country's medium-term development plan through a consultative planning process. Initial results suggest the MTEF is helping the Philippine government better manage its budget and expenditures over multiple years.
The document provides an overview of on-the-job training (OJT). It defines OJT as job training that occurs in the workplace while the new employee learns and earns a paycheck. OJT has advantages like being cost-effective, but can be challenging to implement if not properly planned. The document also discusses the history, vision, mission and organizational structure of Mabitac, a municipality in Laguna, Philippines that supports OJT programs to develop its employees.
The document is a final practicum report submitted by Arvin Dominic B. Dela Cruz to fulfill the requirements for his Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering degree. It details his 240-hour on-the-job training period from April 28 to June 6, 2014 at Prime IT Source, Inc. in Quezon City, Philippines, where he gained hands-on experience in the field of information technology. The report includes sections on the company profile, his daily activities and responsibilities, and a performance evaluation.
On the-job-trainee (NARRATiVE REPORT) Sheenbie PaladoSheenbie Palado
This document is a narrative report submitted by Sheenbie Miana Palado detailing their 11-week industry practicum at Uomini Language Institute Inc. Over the course of the practicum, Palado held the role of admin secretary and performed various administrative tasks like encoding student profiles, organizing files, assisting clients, and assisting with German language classes. The report provides a weekly breakdown of Palado's duties and experiences during the practicum placement.
This document is a narrative report submitted by Angeline Fate E. Capa in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Science in Accountancy from Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel. It details her on-the-job training experience at the Commission on Audit located in Quezon City, Philippines. The report includes an introduction on the purpose of on-the-job training, a company profile of the Commission on Audit, a narrative of her weekly activities and learnings, and appendices with supporting documents.
This document provides guidance on writing an effective problem statement for a research proposal. It defines a research problem as a situation that needs a solution where possible solutions exist. An effective problem statement clearly describes the issue to be addressed in one sentence, with additional paragraphs elaborating on the problem's importance and context. It should identify the variables of interest and relationship between variables to be studied. The problem statement establishes the foundation for the rest of the proposal by framing the scope and focus of the research. It is important to demonstrate that the problem is worth studying by considering factors like its current relevance, future implications, practical applications, and theoretical significance. The problem statement helps motivate the need for the study and generates the research questions to be answered.
Similar to A case study the objective of the national skills strategy to encourage entrepreneurship and technical education and vocational training authority-punjab
VINOD GUPTA M.Ed (hi)DSMNRU STETUS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONVINOD GUPTA
Vocational education aims to develop vocational skills and prepare students for jobs. It helps maximize the utilization of a country's resources and leads to the dignity of labor. The goals of vocational education in India include improving vocational efficiency, enhancing individual employability, reducing skill mismatches, and providing self-employment opportunities. Currently, only about 2% of Indians ages 15-29 report receiving formal vocational training, though the proportion is higher for the unemployed. Vocational education can bring education and productivity closer together to benefit society.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the implementation of an entrepreneurship module called the Basic Entrepreneurship Module (BEM) in community colleges in Malaysia based on input from students and lecturers. The study collected data through questionnaires from 105 students and 42 lecturers. It found that both students and lecturers generally had positive perspectives of the BEM implementation, viewing it as moderately or highly effective. Specifically, lecturers felt moderately high about teaching the BEM, though some felt facilities could be improved. Students strongly agreed they learned new things and saw the BEM as very necessary to develop entrepreneurial skills, viewing its implementation positively overall. The study concludes the BEM had a good reception and could help community college students
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the implementation of an entrepreneurship module called the Basic Entrepreneurship Module (BEM) in community colleges in Malaysia based on input from students and lecturers. The study collected data through questionnaires from 105 students and 42 lecturers. It found that both students and lecturers generally had positive perspectives of the BEM implementation, viewing it as moderately or highly effective. Students reported learning many new things through the BEM and felt adequate time was allocated. Lecturers expressed interest in teaching the BEM but felt facilities could be improved. Overall, the findings indicate that the BEM was successfully implemented according to student and lecturer feedback.
1. The document discusses the importance of skills development for economic growth in middle-income countries. It argues that skilled workforces are needed to utilize modern technologies, increase productivity and value addition in manufacturing.
2. Policies and reforms are needed to develop skills training programs. Sri Lanka has implemented a National Vocational Qualification Framework to standardize training and certification across industries. This framework establishes skills standards and competency-based training programs.
3. Quality assurance is crucial for technical and vocational education and training systems. Sri Lanka's quality assurance system evaluates and monitors training providers to enhance employability and match training to workforce needs.
Human resource is an essential determinant of economic growth and development. It consists
of different factors like education, health, migration, vocational training and (information
technology) IT development vocational training and skill development are among them.
Vocational training improves the productivity and production and enhances the efficiency of
the labour force. This paper attempts a study of skill development to facilitate higher growth
in economy.
The document provides information about Prime Minister Modi's Skill India initiative launched in July 2015. It discusses the need for skill development in India given the large youth population and shortage of skilled workers. It outlines the key organizations established under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship to implement skill development programs across the country at scale. This includes the National Skill Development Agency, National Skill Development Corporation, National Skill Development Fund, and 33 Sector Skill Councils.
Detailed knowledge about skill Ecosystem in India. The root Causes, the problem, ideas to change the current skill ecosystem, the factors that can contribute in the development of Nation.
This document discusses skill-based education in India. It provides background on the importance of skill development in India to address unemployment and promote economic growth. It outlines the history of skill-based education and discusses key government initiatives to promote skills training, including the Skill India mission. Challenges to skill-based education in India include ensuring quality and relevance of training programs. The future outlook is positive if government support and industry engagement continue.
Empowering MSMEs - Skills Development of the MSME Sector - Part - 7Resurgent India
One of the thrust areas for increasing the competitiveness of MSMEs includes skills development. Skills development not only helps in improving productivity but also fosters entrepreneurship. Hence, it is imperative for the concerned governmental agencies, trade associations and MSMEs to come together and discuss on how to make training programmers relevant and attractive for MSMEs. The lack of human resources has been a long-standing problem faced by MSMEs in the country. Despite India’s large pool of human resources, the MSMEs continue to lack skilled manpower required for manufacturing, marketing, servicing, etc.
The document discusses the need to boost skillsets in India through vocational training. It notes that currently less than 2% of India's youth receives vocational training, compared to 95% in developed countries. The task is to upskill 500 million youth by 2022. The document recommends establishing a national board for vocational education to oversee the sector, as well as national policies to regulate qualifications and ensure industry involvement. It also stresses the need to increase funding, public-private partnerships, teacher training, and women's participation in vocational education.
The document is a survey report that investigates student awareness, interests, and aspirations regarding general and vocational education in India. Some key findings from the survey include:
1) The majority (72.5%) of students surveyed do not want to pursue the same profession as their parents, reflecting changing aspirations and the limits of intergenerational knowledge transfer.
2) 68.5% of students aspire to study full-time after school, though currently only about 18% of Indian youth are enrolled in higher education.
3) Contrary to expectations, students with higher academic performance were less likely to want to study full-time, with only 57% of top-scoring students interested versus 70-80
India has a large young population but lacks skilled workers, with only 10% of graduates employable. To take advantage of its demographic dividend and meet job demand, India needs to enhance skills training. The government has recognized this need through initiatives like the new Ministry of Skill Development and the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana program. However, skills training must be integrated into mainstream education to truly boost employability among India's youth.
The document discusses Malaysia's efforts to promote entrepreneurship through higher education. It outlines several initiatives and policies launched by the Ministry of Higher Education between 2010-2020 to embed entrepreneurship in university curriculums. This includes making entrepreneurship modules and activities compulsory, providing funding for student entrepreneurs, and recognizing top student enterprises. The efforts have led to increases in the percentage of graduate and student entrepreneurs in Malaysia from 2012 to 2017. The document also highlights several successful student start-ups that have emerged from these entrepreneurship programs.
The document discusses establishing a TVET (technical and vocational education and training) clustering system in Ethiopia to improve coordination and resource sharing between TVET institutions. It proposes clustering TVET colleges and institutions based on geography to facilitate joint planning, management, training, and support. The clusters would include both public and private TVET providers. Specific goals of clustering include improving trainer professional development, knowledge management, and addressing common challenges. TVET institutions could be clustered at the urban, rural-zonal, rural-woreda, and remote rural levels. Key stakeholders in supporting the clusters are identified. Responsibilities of cluster committees and roles such as industrial extension, quality improvement, technology transfer, and skills training are outlined.
Start a Skill Development Training Centre. Best Education and Training Sector Business Ideas.
India has one in every of the biggest technical work force within the world. However, compared to its population it's not significant and there's a tremendous scope of improvement during this area. In India, the emphasis has been on general education, with vocational education at the receiving end. This has resulted in large number of educated folks remaining unemployed. This phenomenon has currently been recognized by the planners and therefore there's a larger thrust on vocationalization of education. Another shortcoming within the area of technical and education is that until currently, the number of engineers graduating is more than the diploma holders. This is often creating an imbalance, as additional workforces are required at the lower level.
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Impact of Skill Development Training among School Teachers inventionjournals
Skill development training provided for the educated youths will maximize the merits of education system in India with productivity and employability skills expected by organizations and institutions in a developing country like India. The present study is used to analyze about the impact of skill development training provided to 63 school teachers from secondary and primary schools of Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu. A structured questionnaire was used in this study to explore the results with the help of statistical package for social science (SPSS). From the study it is revealed that the skill development is essential for younger generation to improvise their opportunities in the field of computer science in their career and for their future.
Technical & Vocational Education & Training (TVET) from Malaysia PerspectiveGhazally Spahat
Malaysia economic grew at an average 6.2 percent per annum during the 1991-2005
period as in Ninth Malaysia Plan. Malaysia now at the mid-points in its journey towards 2020 and is just transforming to the second fifteen year phase.
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A case study the objective of the national skills strategy to encourage entrepreneurship and technical education and vocational training authority-punjab
1. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol.5, No.23, 2014
A Case Study: The Objective of the National Skills Strategy to
Encourage Entrepreneurship and Technical Education and
Vocational Training Authority-Punjab
M. Zaheer Asghar1* Tehseen Mehmood Aslam2 Prof. Muhammad Zafar Iqbal1
Zeki Tesdimir1
1.University of Management & Technology, C-II, Johar town, Lahore (Pakistan)
2.University of the Punjab, Department of Technology Education, (IER), New campus, Lahore (Pakistan)
*Correspondence author: chancellor.zaheer@gmail.com
Abstract
National Skills Strategy (NSS) has set objective to encourage entrepreneurship among the students of technical
vocational education and training in Pakistan. After 18th amendment the Punjab Skill Development Plan (2013)
translates the NSS (2009-013) objectives in the province of Punjab through Technical Education and Vocational
Training Authority – Punjab. This research aims to study the efforts of the TEVTA- Punjab for promoting the
entrepreneurship education among the students of TVET. The study also aims to study the impact of the
entrepreneurship education on students mind set. This study is based upon the theoretical framework of the
Theory of Planned Behaviour by Ajzen (1990). It is basically quantitative research for which a survey was
conducted from the students those has participated in entrepreneurship education module and those have not
participated in entrepreneurship education course. It was revealed that entrepreneurship education has an impact
on students mind set to become an entrepreneur. The study has practical implications for TVET institutes and
technology education programs to produce entrepreneurship education and TVET policy makers, administrators
and curriculum developers to enhance entrepreneurial mind set of the students. Future research can be conducted
on the adaptation of the entrepreneurial curriculum for effective delivery of the entrepreneurship education.
1. Introduction
“Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) of the Punjab is facing the problem of the unemployment
of its graduates. According to the Technical Education and Vocational Training Authority reports (2013) the
total number of 30.987 TVET students were passed out from TEVTA- Punjab institutes in the year of 2012, out
of which 7,961 has selected self employment as their career, 915 were found not interested in jobs, 5,812 TVET
graduates moved for higher education, 9,189 found employment while 6,133 remained unemployed. The given
figure-1 shows that a one fifth of the total TVET passed out were unable to employee their skills in market while
more than one fifth students utilised their skills in self employment. Entrepreneurship education can resolve the
problem of the unemployment of the TVET students by developing their entrepreneurial mind set and imparting
the entrepreneurial skills.
“Entrepreneurship is a state of mind that initiates the process of innovation through investment, risk
taking and return. Business schools are working on the development of curricula for the discipline of technology
education to incorporate entrepreneurship in TVET. However, if educational process is a function of knowledge,
skills and values then business schools have concentrated only on knowledge neglecting the skills and values
both of which are either ignored or their existence is recognized (Cunningham, 1991). On the contrary,
engineering and TVET institutes are producing graduates with problem solving mind set which is needed to
provide a comprehensive solution for any problem. Engineers, technicians and crafts men already possess the
qualities required to succeed in business. By enhancing those qualities with entrepreneurial knowledge and
strong communication skills TVET graduates can return optimal benefits to their companies and to themselves
by creating opportunities with innovation.” (Cunningham, 1991) In this context question rise “is there any
impact of the entrepreneurship education to develop entrepreneurial mindset of the TVET students? and What
efforts have been initiated by the TVET organizations to introduce entrepreneurship education to the TVET
student?”
2. Aim and Objectives of the Study
The research aims to study the impact of the entrepreneurship education students mind set to run own business.
It is also aim of the study to give an over view of the initiative to encourage entrepreneurship through National
Skills Strategy (2009); Punjab skills Development Plan (2013); Punjab Youth policy (2012); and the practical
efforts by the TEVTA- Punjab. In this context the research study has the following objectives; 1) to study the
efforts by the TEVTA- Punjab in order to introduce entrepreneurship education in TVET Punjab; 2) to study the
impact of the entrepreneurship education on students mind set to promote self employment.
50
2. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol.5, No.23, 2014
3. Introducing the Entrepreneurship Education in TVET Punjab
Keeping in view the importance of the entrepreneurship education National Skills Strategy (2009) has felt the
need to encourage entrepreneurship with following words;
“A large part of our workforce, especially that in the informal economy and within that, many women, are self
employed. Self owned enterprises are an important source of earnings for families. It is important they are well
managed in order to be successful. Many trainees have technical, trade specific skills, and would like to run
their own businesses, but lack the supplementary skills needed to establish and sustain them.”
This is the reason an objective; to encourage entrepreneurship was included in NSS (2009). Further an
action plan was developed for the implementation of the objective to encourage entrepreneurship. It was decided
to develop modules in the area of entrepreneurship education for example; quality assurance, finance, marketing,
HR management and business plan; to provide education with career, guiding and counselling for developing
entrepreneurial mind set of the students as well develop entrepreneurial skills among the students and assist them
to develop links with micro finance organizations.
National Technical Training and Vocational Council is responsible for coordination and communication
with experts, TVET organization to develop modules for the students. It is also now in the provision of the
Punjab Skills Development Plan (2013) to translate the objectives of the NSS (2009-013) in the province of
Punjab after 18th amendment through TEVTA- Punjab and its constituted institutes.
3.1 The Punjab a Province of Pakistan
“Punjab is known as the land of five rivers as five major rivers of the country i.e. Sind, Sutlej, Ravi, Chenab, and
Jhelum are flowing through it. These rivers starts from Himalayas pass through the different of parts of the
Punjab. Agriculture is the backbone of the Punjab economy, the role of industry is also important for providing
goods and employments in the economy of Punjab. Good irrigation system made the Punjab an agricultural
province as 51 % acres are cultivated while 9.05 million remained uncultivated due to lack of water. The main
crops of the Punjab are cotton and wheat, while other crops include the vegetables, sugarcane, corn, rice, millet,
pulses, and vegetables. Mango and citrus is a popular fruit of the Punjab. 76% of the country food is produced by
Punjab. Poultry aw well live stock produce wool, meat, eggs and milk requirement of the country. The
manufacturing industry of the Punjab include sports goods, surgical instruments, cement industry, textile,
electrical appliances and food processing units. During the year of 2003, Punjab produced 40% of the cement,
90% of the paper, 69% of the sugar and 71% of the fertilizers of Pakistan. Food processing plants and industry
include 7,355 units. 6.778 units of ginning industry, 14,820 units of the textile industry and 39,033 small
industry and house units exist in Punjab. Punjab is also rich in mineral resources with the minerals of; silica sand,
dolomite, salt (second largest salt mine of the world), gas, gypsum, petrol and coal resources.” (Punjab Govt,
2013)
Punjab Government is also focusing on self employment especially TVET graduates to run their own
business. In this regard Punjab youth policy has especial focus on the development of the entrepreneurial skills
among TVET student as given in the box no.2;
Box 2: Salient features of PYP, (2012) about entrepreneurship education in TVET
• The government intends to assign high priority to promoting technical education in the
province. A crash programme would be launched to impart technical education to unemployed
educated youth and then provide micro-credit to them so that they can become self-employed;
• Specialized institutions for providing training in area specific needs will be opened
e.g. training of agriculture, labor, and business on the pattern of Punjab Skills Development
Fund. Similarly training to support tanneries, fans, cutlery, garments industries in relevant
industrial areas etc.
• Sectoral initiatives in livestock and dairy development i.e. Rehabilitation of
Mustahqeen-i-Zakat (eligible to receive alms money) by promotion of livestock keeping,
training of unemployed youth as veterinary workers, replication of Idarae- Kissan model,
provision of milk cooling tanks and promotion of livestock under the Barani Village
Development Project.
3.2 Technical Education Vocational Training Authority (TEVTA)
Punjab is a premier public sector body with a large institutional infrastructure in the Punjab for steady supply of
trained manpower at the associate engineer, technician and craftsman levels. It undertakes to respond to the
market demand through a flexible but dynamic approach to make the entire effort a great success. TEVTA was
established in 1999 through an Ordinance and its legislation enacted in 2010. It is a Special Institution of
Industries Department under the Rules of Business. By the virtue of these it is an autonomous body/ body
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Vol.5, No.23, 2014
corporate formed by consolidating the TVET institutions working under different departments TEVTA has
enrolled to train about 88633 youth in a multitude of training programs ranging from 3 months certificate to 3
years diplomas and bachelor of technology level. TEVTA is offering courses in technical stream Diploma of
associate Engineer (DAE) after X- grade and Bachelor of Technology (pass/ hons.) after DAE in Government
College of Technology.” Vocational Training Institutes/ centers are offering vocational certificate/ short courses
ranging from 3-24 months as following;
Highly Skilled Workers Vocational Certificate (3-Years)
Skilled Workers Vocational Certificate (2-Years)
Semi-skilled Workers Vocational Certificate (1-Year)
Vocational Short Courses (3-6 Months)
TEVTA has 05 staff training colleges for staff training, 17 service centres, 141 Technical training
centres, 117 vocational training centres for women, 47 technical training institutes and 29 college of technology.
Technical and Vocational Education and Training has also become under the domain of the provinces after 18th
amendment. TEVTA- Punjab is on cutting edge to implement the NSS, PSDP as well Punjab youth policy for
the improvement of TVET in Punjab as well to encourage entrepreneurship. It is also working with national
NGO’s to promote entrepreneurship among TVET graduates for example a MoU has been signed with Akhuwat
for the promotion of entrepreneurship in TVET as following;
Box: 3 TEVTA MoU with Akhuwat for the promotion of Entrepreneurship in TVET: TEVTA has signed
MoU with Akhuwat and Center for Women Co-operative Development (CWCD) for providing small loans
to the Graduates/Pass-outs of TEVTA irrespective of the duration and nature of course they have done from
TEVTA. The Akhuwat will provide Loans up to Rs.25,000/- without interest to the Graduates of TEVTA living
in the area which comes in the radius of 6 KMs of the branches of Akhuwat located (List enclosed).Similarly
CWCD will provide Loan up to Rs.100,000/- to the TEVTA Graduates / Pass-outs living in the area of 20 KMs
radius of the branches of CWCD (List enclosed) on the terms of Islamic Financing. The Principals and Teachers
must motivate and guide the TEVTA Graduates (Pass-outs) and present students to make use of this facility for
creating self employment opportunities for themselves by starting their own small businesses. The graduates
(Pass-outs) of TEVTA or present students may contact the focal person in institutions or Akhuwat / CWCD
branches directly with reference to TEVTA for details / processing of applications.
3.3 Know About Business (KAB)
TEVTA is also working in collaboration with ILO to introduce KAB modules in TVET institutes. International
Labor Organization (ILO) has developed an education program with the name Know about Business (KAB).
ILO works with governments, employers and their employees with aims to develop policies and programs to
promote employability of the youth and labor rights as a specialized agency of UN. KAB program aims to
deliver entrepreneurship education at TVET, secondary and tertiary levels of education. KAB was introduced in
TVET Punjab in collaboration with ILO during the year 2011.
The KAB program was aimed to prepare the TVET students with basic know-how about
entrepreneurship. It was an endeavour to develop the mindset of the youth to start own business in future.
Although it is not expectation of the KAB training to become most of the youth a high profile entrepreneurs
based on these modules however it is aimed to develop their mindset for an initiative which may also leads to
become some of them as high profile entrepreneur. It taught them about the available option of the self
employment.
ILO is offering KAB program in more than 30 developing countries. The contents of the KAB are
standardised and unified. The basic criterion for schools, institutes or colleges is to send at least two trainees in
KAB seminar than these institutes must offer the course of KAB for the students as an elective or optional course.
The recommended numbers of the student in KAB class is 35. It is also recommended that the trainees for the
KAB seminar must be from administrative domain of the institutes instead of instructors or faculty. Preferably
they may be school or institute counsellor because it is purpose of the KAB to address the problem of
unemployment in Punjab by developing entrepreneurial mind set of the students. It is also pertinent to say that
KAB does not require basic qualification for the business discipline for the training of its facilitators.
4. Research Task
The research task was performed to chieves the first objective of the question of the study to explore the impact
of the entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial mind set of the TVET students of the Punjab. ILO,
NAVTTC and TEVTA Punjab was working for the training of the teachers to full fill the objective of the
National Skills Strategy (NSS) 2009-013 to encourage entrepreneurship among TVET students. In this regard
researcher developed entrepreneurial pedagogical skill development modules for the TVET teacher training.
Teacher trainings were organized in collaboration with TVETA-Punjab. A tentative entrepreneurial curriculum
of Know About Business (KAB) was given to the teachers for pilot testing. The trained teachers delivered the
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Vol.5, No.23, 2014
entrepreneurship education modules to the Diploma of Associate Engineer (DAE) students. A quantitative study
was conducted from the students those have participated in entrepreneurship education and those have not
participated in entrepreneurship education.”
“A questionnaire was adapted from the Entrepreneurial Intentions Questionnaire (EIQ) to conduct
quantitative survey from the DAE students those has participated in entrepreneurship education and those has not
participated in entrepreneurship education. The hypothesis were developed those were based upon the
conceptual framework of the theory of Planned behavior (TPB).”
“According to Ajzen (1991) entrepreneurial intentions are formed with personal attitudes, subjective
norms and perceived behavioral controls. All three factors are backed up with the demographical and other
human capital factors which strengthen an individual’s behavior towards entrepreneurial venture.”
“In the modern global economy, entrepreneurship has become a central issue for business studies as
well as in other disciplines like sciences and engineering. Many scholars ask, either implicitly or explicitly, why
anyone should study entrepreneurship (Shane and Venkataraman, 2000). It is thought most researchers are
attracted to this area of study due to the perceived ability to make a constructive difference to individual, social
and national development (e.g., Fayolle and Degeorge 2006). There are significant differences between students
who have taken entrepreneurship courses and those who have not participated in entrepreneurship education
(Fayolle et al, 2006; 2007). According to Noel (2001) Entrepreneurship graduates were more likely to launch
businesses and had greater intentions to become entrepreneurs. Participation in entrepreneurship education has
an impact on students’ behavior. 147 programme participants reported that 34 percent of the graduates started a
business after taking an entrepreneurship course and 52 percent planned to go into business within six months of
the survey (Mescon, 1987). Attendance of entrepreneurship courses has increased the number of business start-ups
as various responses had been given pertaining to the intention to launch a venture upon graduation
(Galloway & Brown, 2002). According to Lee et al., (2005) the results of the study showed that Korean students
who had taken entrepreneurship education had significant higher intention to start up ventures compared to their
American counterparts. Charney & Libecap (2003) research shows entrepreneurship graduates were found to be
three times more likely to initiate a new venture and become self-employed compared to no entrepreneurship
graduates. By observing the impact of entrepreneurship education on students’ intentions to decide
entrepreneurship as their career selection, entrepreneurship education variable has been added for developing
conceptual frame work of the study Figure. 1.
5. Significance of the Study
“It is also the aim of this research to contribute to the extent theoretical framework by identifying the variable of
entrepreneurship education that could influence students’ inclination towards entrepreneurship, especially in
Pakistani context. Furthermore, the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial
inclination, which may be moderated by personal and family business background, will also be investigated in
this study. Knowledge about the variable associated with entrepreneurship education that impacts the Punjab’s
TVET students’ entrepreneurial inclination is still sketchy.
This research study will examine TVET students’ inclination towards entrepreneurship; it may provide
useful practical information to educational policy makers in making more informed decisions on
entrepreneurship programmes in order to increase students’ participation in business in the future. The TVET
stakeholders of the province Punjab such as NAVTTC, TEVTA, PVTC, Skill Development Council, NGO’s and
industry will also have a better understanding of the factors those may influence students’ propensity towards
starting up entrepreneurial ventures. The outcomes of this research are expected to have policy implications for
the future development of entrepreneurship programmes for young people, especially students in technical and
vocational institutes.”
6. Research Methodology
“Quantitative research approach was used by conducting a questionnaire survey that was based upon
Entrepreneurial Intentions Questionnaire. The questionnaire was adapted with the permission of the authors from
previously existing Entrepreneurial Intentions Questionnaires (EIQ). Reliability will be measured by pilot testing.
Population of the study comprises of DAE students in Punjab from Technology Institutes. In this study, DAE
students are 2nd year academic students studying in technology colleges of the Punjab.”
“Random sampling technique was used in the study for selecting the sample that was comprise of 250 students
of DAE those has participated in entrepreneurship education and 250 DAE students was selected those had not
participated in entrepreneurship education. A comparison was made between those students who participated in
entrepreneurship education and the non participants.”
“t-test was used to analyze the data, Structural Equation Model was also considered for quantitative data
analysis. SPSS, AMOS software was used for quantitative data analysis.”
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Vol.5, No.23, 2014
7. Structural Equation Model for Theory of Planned Behaviour
Structural Equation Model was run to observe the relationship between the variables of the proposed models of
the Theory of Planned Behaviour as it is shown in the figure 2.
The table: 7 shows the relationship between the given variable in first row and path analysis diagram. The entire
conceptualised hypothesis has been accepted with significance level .01 or .05.
7.1 t-test for Participation in Entrepreneurship Education
H0: There is significance difference between the entrepreneurial intentions of the students those has participated
in entrepreneurship education and those not participated
This table: 8 show summary statistics for the two samples of data. Other tabular options within this analysis can
be used to test whether differences between the statistics from the two samples are statistically significant. Of
particular interest here are the standardized skewness and standardized kurtosis, which can be used to determine
whether the samples come from normal distributions. Values of these statistics outside the range of -2 to +2
indicate significant departures from normality, which would tend to invalidate the tests which compare the
standard deviations. In this case, both standardized skewness values are within the range expected.
Comparison of Means for EINT
95.0% confidence interval for mean of Entrepreneurship education Participation =1: 2.89 +/- 0.073 [2.82, 2.97]
95.0% confidence interval for mean of Entrepreneurship edu. Non participation =2: 2.60 +/- 0.11 [2.49, 2.72]
95.0% confidence interval for the difference between the means
assuming equal variances: 0.288 +/- 0.13 [0.15, 0.41]
t test to compare means
Null hypothesis: mean1 = mean2
Alt. hypothesis: mean1 NE mean2
assuming equal variances: t = 4.30704 P-value = 0.000
Reject the null hypothesis for alpha = 0.05.
A t-test was run to compare the means of the two samples. It also constructs confidence intervals or
bounds for each mean and for the difference between the means. Of particular interest is the confidence interval
for the difference between the means, which extends from 0.156731 to 0.419671. Since the interval does not
contain the value 0, there is a statistically significant difference between the means of the two samples at the
95.0% confidence level.
A t-test may also be used to test a specific hypothesis about the difference between the means of the
populations from which the two samples come. In this case, the test has been constructed to determine whether
the difference between the two means equals 0.0 versus the alternative hypothesis that the difference does not
equal 0.0. Since the computed P-value is less than 0.05, we can reject the null hypothesis in favor of the
alternative.
7.2 Two-Sample Comparison – Entrepreneurial Intentions and Gender
H0: There is no significant difference between entrepreneurial intentions of the male and female students
Comparison of Means for Ent. Int.
95.0% confidence interval for mean of Gender=1: 3.58065 +/- 0.152803 [3.42784, 3.73345]
95.0% confidence interval for mean of Gender=2: 3.32331 +/- 0.0932515 [3.23006, 3.41656]
95.0% confidence interval for the difference between the means
assuming equal variances: 0.257337 +/- 0.206432 [0.05, 0.46]
t test to compare means
Null hypothesis: mean1 = mean2
Alt. hypothesis: mean1 NE mean2
assuming equal variances: t = 2.44933 P-value = 0.014
Reject the null hypothesis for alpha = 0.05.
A t-test was run to compare the means of the two samples. It also constructs confidence intervals or
bounds for each mean and for the difference between the means. Of particular interest is the confidence interval
for the difference between the means, which extends from 0.05 to 0.46. Since the interval does not contain the
value 0, there is a statistically significant difference between the means of the two samples at the 95.0%
confidence level.
A t-test may also be used to test a specific hypothesis about the difference between the means of the
populations from which the two samples come. In this case, the test has been constructed to determine whether
the difference between the two means equals 0.0 versus the alternative hypothesis that the difference does not
equal 0.0. Since the computed P-value is less than 0.05, we can reject the null hypothesis in favor of the
alternative.
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Vol.5, No.23, 2014
8. Conclusion and Discussion
Literature review showed that National Skills Strategy has an objective to encourage entrepreneurship at national
level. Entrepreneurship education is on it initial level of introduction to TVET system in Punjab as Punjab Skills
Development Plan also has given an emphasis t encourage entrepreneurship by developing modules, training of
the trainers. TEVTA, Punjab has shown its interest in the implementation of the NSS (2009) and PSDP (2013).
TEVTA- Punjab has adapted the KAB modules from ILO. Initial levels of trainings have been organized for
teachers to train them in field of entrepreneurial pedagogical skills. These teachers have also delivers
entrepreneurship education modules as volunteer to the students.
It is concluded from the structural equation model (SEM) that there is an impact of the entrepreneurship
education on student’s intentions towards self employment as a career. Entrepreneurship education has also
influence on student’s perceived behavioural control to give them a confidence to run own business as well to
understand their subjective norm in order to run own business. It also increases the likeliness of the student’s
intentions towards own business due to participation in entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship education
model based on theory of planned behaviour shows that subjective norms (friends and relatives) have an
influence on student’s attitude; perceived behavioural control; intentions towards self employment as career. It
was also depicted from the model that perceived behavioural control and attitude towards entrepreneurship have
a positive influence on the student’s intentions towards their decision to become an entrepreneur. t-test provides
an evidence that male students have higher level of intentions towards their decision to start own business as
compared to their female counter part. It was also shown by the results of the t-test that student’s participation in
entrepreneurship education increases their intentions to become an entrepreneur. It is needed that TEVTA-P
should show more serious concern towards the entrepreneurship education by including it into regular
curriculum stream, assessment system and as a part of the scheme of studies.
9. Future Research
The future research may be carried out on the topic to adapt entrepreneurial curriculum for the effective delivery
of the entrepreneurship education in order to enhance the entrepreneurial mind set of the students.
REFERENCES
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50(2),
179-211.
Browne, M., & Cudeck, R. (1989). Single Sample Cross-validation Indices for Covariance Structures.
Multivariate Behavioral Research , 24, 445-455.
Byrne, B. (1998). Structural Equation Modeling with LISREL, PRELIS, and SIMPLIS: Basic Concepts,
Applications, and Programming. N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate
Cunningham, J. Barton, and Joe Lischeron. "Defining entrepreneurship." Journal of small business management
29.1 (1991): 45-61.
Charney, A. H., & Libecap, G. D. (2003). The contribution of entrepreneurship education: An analysis of the
Berger program. International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 1(3), 385-418.
Fayolle, A., & Degeorge, J. M. (2006). Attitudes, intentions, and behaviour: New approaches to evaluating
entrepreneurship education. International entrepreneurship education. Issues and newness, 74-89.
Fayolle, Y., Cockx, A., Gillot, S., Roustan, M., & Héduit, A. (2007). Oxygen transfer prediction in aeration
tanks using CFD. Chemical Engineering Science, 62(24), 7163-7171.Craig, J. B., & Lindsay, N. J. (2001).
Quantifying “gut feeling” in the opportunity recognition process.
Galloway, L., & Brown, W. (2002). Entrepreneurship education at university: a driver in the creation of high
growth firms?. Education+ Training, 44(8/9), 398-405
GIZ. (2013). Punjab Skills Development Plan . Islamabad: TVET .
Govt. of Punjab. (2012). Punjab Youth Policy. Lahore: Govt. of Punjab.
Govt. of Punjab. (2014, 10 06). Intorduction to Punjab. Retrieved 10 04, 2014, from Punjab Portal:
www.punjab.gov.pk
Lee, S. M., Chang, D., Lim, S. B. (2005). Impact of entrepreneurship Education: A Comparative Study of the U.
S. and Korea. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1, 27-43.
MIS, TEVTA- Punjab. (2013, JULY 10). SLMIS. Retrieved July 10, 2014, from Skilled Labour Management
Information Sysytem: http://www.tevta-slmis.gop.pk/
NAVTTC. (2009). National Skills Startegy . Islamabad: NAVTTC.
Noel, T. (2001). Effects of Entrepreneurial Education on Intent to Open a Business. Frontiers of
Entrepreneurship Research. Babson Conference Proceedings.
Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of
management review, 25(1), 217-226.
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ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol.5, No.23, 2014
Table:4 Summary Statistics for EINT
Ent. Edu Participants=1 Ent. Edu. Non Participants=2
Count 326 172
Average 2.89 2.60
Standard
deviation
0.67 0.76
57
Coeff. of
variation
23.36% 29.49%
Minimum 1.0 1.0
Maximum 4.0 4.0
Range 3.0 3.0
Stnd. skewness -0.68 -0.60
Stnd. kurtosis -1.023 -1.68
Table5: Summary Statistics for Ent. Int.
Ent_Education=1 Ent_Education=2
Count 203 295
Average 3.433 3.328
Standard deviation 0.889 0.938
Coeff. of variation 25.908% 28.201%
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