S&D

1. Malaviya Mission Teacher Training Programme (MMTTP)
NEP Orientation and Sensitization Programme (online)
Topic: SKILL DEVELOPMENT
27th November 2023
Resource Person
Prof.(Dr.) Bindu R.L.
Professor, Department of Education
&
Hon. Director, UGC National Curriculum Development Centre
University of Kerala, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram – 695014
Ph. 04712304718 (O)
e-mail: profdrbindurl@gmail.com & binduindraneelam@gmail.com
Mobile No 9947323222

4. SKILL BASED EDUCATION
q Skill-based education is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in
enhancing employability and bridging the skills gap between education and the
workforce.
q In India, where the youth population is large and growing, skill-based
education is seen as a key to addressing unemployment and underemployment
and promoting inclusive economic growth.
Significance of Skill-Based Education in India
ØAddressing the Skills Gap
ØEnhancing Employability
ØPromoting Inclusive Growth

5. HISTORY OF SKILL-BASED EDUCATION
vAncient Civilizations: Apprenticeship and guild systems provide
training in specific trades and crafts.
vIndustrial Revolution: Formal vocational training programs emerge
to meet the demand for skilled labor.
v20th Century: Competency-based education (CBE) gains traction,
emphasizing mastery of skills and knowledge.
v21st Century: SBE recognized as a crucial approach to preparing
individuals for the evolving workforce.

6. vIn this 21st century, education is important, but skill is the most
important. It is important to teach skill-based education to children from an
early age as it brings positive effects in their lives and also it is the demand
of time.
vSkill-based learning is a pedagogy that aims to build the skills of the
student who has acquired knowledge through classroom lectures and
encourage them to try out those concepts to strengthen the learning process.
vIn skill-based learning, teachers focus on imparting knowledge through
planning and practice which will help students to retain concepts, and
instructors plan.
vSkill-based learning is both effective and purpose-driven

7. SIGNIFICANCE OF SKILL-BASED EDUCATION
vBridging the Gap between Education and Employment
vEnhancing Employability
vAdapting to Technological Advancements
vPromoting Lifelong Learning
vFostering Entrepreneurship and Innovation
vPromoting Personal Growth and Self-Empowerment

8. Benefits of skill development in schools
ØThe introduction of skill development programs and skill-based education for
the students will help them prepare for the future and also help them learn
employability-skills
ØIntroducing skill-based training will help weak students to be academically
strong.
ØSkill-based education will help develop skills like networking and
communication.
ØSkill development programs will help to identify and develop the talent of the
students.
ØIntroducing skill development and skill-based education for the students will
help them to get an understanding of different career options.

10. Government Initiatives for Skill Development in India
The Indian government has taken several initiatives to promote skill development in the
country. These initiatives include:
v Skill India Mission: The Skill India Mission is a flagship program of the Indian
government that aims to skill 500 million Indians by 2022. The mission provides
financial support for skill training programs and aims to increase the number of
institutions offering skill training.
v National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC): The NSDC is a public-private
partnership that aims to promote skill development in India. The NSDC provides
funding for skill training programs and works with industry partners to develop skill
standards.
v Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY): The PMKVY is a pan-India skill
development scheme that aims to provide short-term skill training to unemployed youth.
The scheme provides financial support for training and placement assistance.

11. Schemes under India’s skill development program
The Government of India has launched the following schemes under the skill
development program.
§ Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
§ UDAAN
§ Polytechnic Schemes
§ Standard Training Assessment and Reward Scheme
§ Vocalisation of Education

16. Skill Mapping is a process of identifying, documenting, and evaluating the skills of
individuals or organizations. It can be used to identify skill gaps, develop training
plans, and make informed decisions about career development or talent
management.
Types of Skill Mapping
1. Vertical skill mapping focuses on the development of skills within a specific
job or occupation. It involves identifying the skills required for different levels
of seniority or expertise within a particular field.
2. Horizontal skill mapping focuses on the transferability of skills across different
jobs or occupations. It involves identifying the skills that are common to
different fields or roles.

17. National Skill Index
1. The National Skill Index (NSI) is an initiative of the Ministry of Skill
Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE), Government of India, to
create a comprehensive database of skills across the country.
2. The NSI will help map the skills of individuals and organizations to the
needs of the industry and facilitate better matching of skills to jobs.
The NSI will be a repository of information on skills, including:
vSkill profiles of individuals
vSkill demand from industries
vSkill training providers
vSkill certification bodies

18. The NSI will be used to:
§ Identify skill gaps in the workforce
§ Plan and deliver skill training programs
§ Develop policies to promote skill development
§ Facilitate better matching of skills to jobs
The NSI is expected to play a key role in India's skill
development agenda. It will help to ensure that the country has a
workforce with the skills needed to meet the demands of the 21st
century economy.
The NSI is currently in the pilot stage and is expected to be fully
launched by 2023.

19. KEY AREAS OF FOCUS FOR UNESCO PROGRAM 21
üEnvironmental education
üEducation for sustainable development
üEducation for disaster risk reduction
üClimate change education
üSustainable consumption and production
üHuman rights and peace education

20. • Skill gap refers to the disparity between the skills an employer expects their
employees to possess and the actual skills employees possess.
• This mismatch makes it challenging for employers to fill open positions and can
lead to productivity losses, reduced innovation, and increased turnover.
Consequences of skill gaps:
ØProductivity losses
ØReduced innovation
ØIncreased turnover

21. National skill development strategy

24. NATIONAL POLICIES ON SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
In 2009, the National Policy on Skill Development was initially created, and it served as the foundation
for all skill development initiatives across the nation.
Changes in the policy have been required over time due to changes in the macro-environment and
experience gained through the operation of various skill development programs in the nation.
Aims: The aim of skill development in the country is to support achieving rapid and inclusive growth
through:
Ø Enhancing individuals’ employability (wage/ self-employment) and ability to adapt to
changing technologies and labour market demands.
Ø Improving productivity and living standards of the people.
Ø Strengthening the competitiveness of the country.
Ø Attracting investment in skill development.

25. Objectives of National Policy on Skill Development
• The objectives of the national policy on skill development are to:
§ Create opportunities for all to acquire skills throughout life, especially for
youth, women, and disadvantaged groups.
§ Promote commitment by all stakeholders to own Skill Development Initiatives.
§ Develop a high-quality skilled workforce/entrepreneur relevant to current and
emerging employment market needs.
§ Enable the establishment of flexible delivery mechanisms that respond to the
characteristics of a wide range of needs of stakeholders.
§ Enable effective coordination between different ministries, the Centre and the
States, and public and private providers.

26. Scope of the National Skill Development Policy
• The coverage of the National Policy on Skill Development includes the following:
Ø Institution-based skill development including ITIs/ITCs/vocational
schools/technical schools/ polytechnics/ professional colleges, etc.
Ø Learning initiatives of sectoral skill development organised by different
ministries/departments.
Ø Training for self-employment/entrepreneurial development
Ø Adult learning, retraining of retired or retiring employees and lifelong learning
Ø Non-formal training including training by civil society organizations
Ø E-learning, web-based learning and distance learning.

27. Challenges to Skill-Based Education in India
Ø Quality and Relevance of Skill Training: Not all skill training programs in India are of high
quality or relevant to the needs of the labour market. This can lead to individuals with skills that
are not in demand.
Ø Industry-Academia Linkage: There is a need for stronger linkage between industry and
academia to ensure that skill training programs are aligned with the needs of employers.
Ø Awareness and Access: There is a lack of awareness about skill-based education among
individuals and parents. There is also a need to increase access to skill training programs,
particularly in rural areas.

28. Future Outlook for Skill-Based Education in India
• Skill-based education is expected to play an increasingly important role in
India in the years to come.
• The government is committed to promoting skill development and there is a
growing demand for skilled workers from industry. As a result, the demand for
skill-based education is expected to increase.
• The future of skill-based education in India is bright. With continued
government support and industry engagement, skill-based education can play a
significant role in addressing the skills gap and promoting inclusive economic
growth in India

29. National Policy on Education 2020-Skill Based Education
ØIntegrating vocational education programmes into mainstream
education
ØFlexible Curriculum and Multidisciplinary Learning
ØRecognition of Prior Learning and Skills
ØStrengthening Industry-Academia Linkages
ØTeacher Training and Capacity Building
ØPromoting Entrepreneurship and Skill Development
ØPromoting Skill Development in Higher Education
ØPromoting Skill Development for Rural Communities

30. Employability
• Skill-based education is increasingly recognized as a critical factor
in enhancing employability and bridging the skills gap between
education and the workforce.
• In India, where the youth population is large and growing, skill-
based education is seen as a key to addressing unemployment and
underemployment and promoting inclusive economic growth.

32. Current Status of Skill-Based Education at Higher Education level
Key Characteristics of Skill-Based Education in Higher Education:
ØHands-on learning
ØSkill development
ØLifelong learning
ØPreparing students for the workforce
ØMeeting employer demand
ØEnhancing critical thinking
ØFostering lifelong learning
ØMeeting the needs of diverse learners
ØIndustry-aligned curriculum

52. Introducing Skill Development in Higher Education
B.Voc Degree Programme:
vThe UGC has launched a scheme on skills development based higher
education as part of university education that leads to a B.Voc degree
that provides multiple exits such as Diploma and Advanced Diploma
under the NSQF.
vUGC has also incorporated a scheme on skill development based
higher education as part of a university-level degree program that
leads to a B.Voc degree.
vEligibility for any B.Voc program is 10+2.

53. VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND SKILLS IN NEP 2020
üVision for balanced education – Socially meaningful and aspirational
üRe-imagination of Vocational Education and sensitization for building
competencies
üInclusive, Interoperable, interdisciplinary and outcome-based education
üFor 21-century capacity building
üSchool internships for skill appreciation and craft-centric learning
üProfessional development of teachers
üIntegration of Vocational Education with Academic Learning and formation
of NCIVE
üJob market orientation with multiple-entry and exit options
üTechnological development and student entrepreneurship
üRecognition of Prior Learning (RPL) and alignment with International
Standards