This document summarizes information on various medical emergencies including respiratory issues like asthma and pneumonia, nervous system issues like seizures and strokes, abdominal complaints, and diabetic emergencies. It provides details on symptoms to look for and first aid steps to take for each condition. Key points covered include how to recognize and treat asthma attacks, common colds, hyperventilation, fainting, headaches, and low or high blood sugar in diabetics. Guidelines are provided on when evacuation is necessary.
Apnea (AP-nee-ah) is a pause in breathing that lasts 20 seconds or longer for full-term infants. If a pause in breathing lasts less than 20 seconds and makes your baby's heart beat more slowly (bradycardia) or if he turns pale or bluish (cyanotic), it can also be called apnea.
Apnea (AP-nee-ah) is a pause in breathing that lasts 20 seconds or longer for full-term infants. If a pause in breathing lasts less than 20 seconds and makes your baby's heart beat more slowly (bradycardia) or if he turns pale or bluish (cyanotic), it can also be called apnea.
It brings to life the fascinating connections between structure and function in the human body and explores the health and disease continuum in detail, including teaching on how medical therapies act to treat or even prevent disease. Human health, defined as the complete state of physical, social, and mental well-being and not merely the absence of illness, disease, or infirmity, is as vital a resource as water, food, or energy.
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Meningoencephalitis is a condition that's usually caused by a virus, bacterium, parasite or other microorganism. Examples include West Nile virus, mumps or tuberculosis.
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Anacardium orientale Homoeopathic materia medica slide show presentation By Dr.Hansraj salve. Learn whole homoeopathic materia medica in new style with Dr.hansraj salve click on the link To start study And for daily new drug update visit to our Website - hmmslideshow.esy.es
It brings to life the fascinating connections between structure and function in the human body and explores the health and disease continuum in detail, including teaching on how medical therapies act to treat or even prevent disease. Human health, defined as the complete state of physical, social, and mental well-being and not merely the absence of illness, disease, or infirmity, is as vital a resource as water, food, or energy.
Case presentation on mengoencephalitis |Inflammation of the brain NEHA MALIK
Inflammation of the brain and surrounding tissues, usually caused by infection.
Meningoencephalitis is a condition that's usually caused by a virus, bacterium, parasite or other microorganism. Examples include West Nile virus, mumps or tuberculosis.
Symptoms vary, depending on the cause. They may include fever, confusion, vomiting, seizures or, if left untreated, death.
Treatment may include antibiotics, antivirals or supportive care, depending on the origin of the disease.
Anacardium orientale HOMOEOPATHIC MATERIA MEDICA SLIDE SHOW PRESENTATION BY...Dr.hansraj salve
Anacardium orientale Homoeopathic materia medica slide show presentation By Dr.Hansraj salve. Learn whole homoeopathic materia medica in new style with Dr.hansraj salve click on the link To start study And for daily new drug update visit to our Website - hmmslideshow.esy.es
Epilepsy awareness training innovations slidesharePatrick Doyle
This Epilepsy Awareness training course is aimed at raising awareness of the importance of the safe care and management of epilepsy. The course explores some of the common misconceptions about epilepsy and to care for someone who experiences seizures. On completion of this course staff will be aware of the clinical features of epilepsy and contribute to the care and wellbeing of patients who experience epileptic seizures.
Duration: 2 hours
Experience: None required.
This course is suitable for all staff currently working within health and social care settings in the United Kingdom who may come into contact with patients who experience epileptic seizures.
Number of Trainees: 16 maximum
Course Standard: Certificate of attendance
Equipment Needed: Hand-outs will be provided
Candidates will cover:
•Definitions, diagnosis and symptoms of epilepsy, including the nature and incidence of epilepsy
•Seizures and seizure types
•Care and treatment of epilepsy, including basic first aid and emergency care
•What to do when caring for a patient experiencing an epileptic seizure
•Care and management of patients who experience epileptic seizures
•Living with epilepsy
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•Understand the impact of epileptic seizures
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There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
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Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
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4. Asthma Attack: What to Look For
• Frequent coughing, wheezing
• Chest tightness, shortness of breath
• Sitting in the tripod position
• Inability to speak more than a few words at
a time
• Nostrils flaring
• Fast breath and heart rates
6. Asthma Attack: What to Do
(2 of 2)
• Evacuate immediately if person:
– is struggling to breathe, talk, or stay awake;
– has blue lips or fingernails;
– asks for medical care or ambulance;
– has no improvement or has no medication;
– has repeated attacks; or
– has severe and prolonged attack.
7. Common Cold
• Highly contagious viral infection
• No cure exists.
• Recovery occurs within 1 week to 10 days.
8. Common Cold:
What to Look For
• Nasal and sinus
congestion
• Sneezing
• Runny discharge
and watering eyes
• Dry cough
• Sore throat
• Headache
• Mild fever
• Muscle and joint
aches
9. Common Cold:
What to Do
• Rest for a day or two.
• Drink plenty of fluids.
• Use decongestants.
• Take aspirin or acetaminophen to relieve
headaches and muscles aches.
• Gargle warm, salty water to sooth sore
throat, or suck on hard candy.
10. Pneumonia
• Infection of the lungs
• Can be viral or bacterial
– Viral: treat like a cold or bronchitis
– Bacterial: severe; requires antibiotics
11. Pneumonia:
What to Look For
• Persistent cough with colored sputum
• Fever and chills
• Chest pain during exhalation
• Shortness of breath
• Headache, sore throat, muscle pain
• Weakness and fatigue
• Sweating
12. Pneumonia:
What to Do
• Treat as for a cold.
• Give OTC cough suppressant containing
dextromethorphan.
– Only if person is not coughing up sputum
• Evacuate if person is not improving.
13. Hyperventilation
• Fast, deep breathing
• Common during emotional distress
– Also caused by:
• untreated diabetes;
• severe shock;
• certain poisons;
• brain swelling; and
• high altitude.
14. Hyperventilation:
What to Look For
• Shortness of breath
• Fast breathing
• Tingling or numbness of the hands, feet,
and around the mouth
• Dizziness or light-headedness
15. Hyperventilation: What to Do
• Calm and reassure the person.
• Take the person to a quiet place.
• Encourage the person to breathe slowly.
– Inhale through the nose.
– Hold the full inhalation for 1 to 2 seconds.
– Exhale slowly through pursed lips.
• Do not have the person breathe into a
paper bag.
18. Stroke: What to Do
• Monitor breathing. If absent, begin CPR.
• Position person on his or her back.
• Loosen tight or constricting clothing.
• Be prepared to turn person onto his or her
affected side.
• Evacuate immediately.
20. Convulsive Seizures:
What to Look For
• Sudden falling to the floor or ground
• Stiffening of arms and legs followed by
jerky movement
• Foaming at the mouth, grinding of teeth
• Blue-gray face and lips
• Eyes rolling upward
• Loss of bladder and bowel control
21. Seizures: What to Do
(1 of 3)
• Move nearby objects to avoid injury.
• Place something soft under head.
• Time seizure from start to finish.
• Keep bystanders away.
22. Seizures: What to Do
(2 of 3)
• Evacuate for any of the following:
– Seizure lasted longer than 5 minutes
– Series of seizures
– Breathing difficulties after seizure
– The person has diabetes or is pregnant.
– Seizure happened in water.
– This is person’s first known seizure.
– The seizure is injury-related.
– Slow recovery
23. Seizures: What to Do
(3 of 3)
• After the seizure:
– Keep airway open.
– Monitor breathing; if it stops, give CPR.
– Allow the person to sleep.
– Stay with the person until fully recovered.
24. Prolonged Seizures
• Called status epilepticus
• Require immediate evacuation
• Can lead to:
– brain damage;
– fractures;
– severe dehydration; and
– aspiration.
25. Fainting
• Sudden brief loss of responsiveness not
associated with a head injury
• Also called syncope or psychogenic shock
• Physical or emotional causes
• Most fainting episodes are associated with
decreased blood flow.
26. Fainting: What to Do
(1 of 4)
• If fainting has occurred:
– Check breathing.
− If breathing has stopped, give CPR.
27. Fainting: What to Do
(2 of 4)
• If the person is breathing:
– Keep person flat on his or her back.
– Monitor breathing.
– Loosen tight clothing.
– If person fell, check and treat any injuries.
– Wipe person’s forehead with cool, wet cloth.
– If vomiting occurs, roll person onto side.
28. Fainting: What to Do
(3 of 4)
• Evacuate if person:
– Has repeated episodes.
– Faints for no apparent reason.
– Does not regain responsiveness quickly.
– Has diabetes or seizures, is pregnant, has a
loss of bowel or bladder control, or is older
than 50 years.
29. Headaches:
What to Look For
(1 of 3)
• Heat trauma
• Tenderness over the scalp, neck, and
shoulders
• Pupils of unequal size
• Complaints of double vision
• Fever
• Severe neck stiffness
30. Headaches:
What to Look For
(2 of 3)
• Impaired sensation or movement of
extremities
• Impaired balance
• Ask if person is drinking plenty of water
and passing pale yellow urine (sign of
adequate hydration)
31. Headaches:
What to Look For
(3 of 3)
• Suspect serious illness or injury if
headache:
– causes vomiting, inability to sleep, inability to
eat or drink for more than a day;
– lasts more than a day; and
– is sudden and severe, unlike previous
headaches.
32. Headaches:
What to Do
• For mild headaches, give nonprescription
pain medication.
• Encourage adequate hydration.
• If acute mountain sickness is suspected,
descend to lower elevation (at least 2,000
feet lower). Do not go higher.
• Evacuate if cause appears serious.
34. General Information
• You might not discover the source of abdominal
pain, but you must be able to manage problems
and know when they get serious.
• Ask appropriate questions about the pain
• Gently press on the four quadrants of the abdomen
during assessment
35. Assessment and Treatment
of Stomachache
• Gastroenteritis (stomachache) is an inflammation
of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Caused by viruses, bacteria, protozoa
• Characterized by increasingly widespread
abdominal discomfort
• Worse pain in lower abdominals
• Nausea may occur
• Patients should be well-hydrated and eat a bland
diet.
36. Assessment and
Treatment of Diarrhea
• Diarrhea is frequent, loose, watery stools
• Mild diarrhea can be treated with water, diluted clear
fruit juice, or sports drinks
• Persistent diarrhea requires replacement of electrolytes.
• Rehydration solution: 1 tsp salt, 8 tsp sugar in 1 qt of
water. Drink ¼ of the solution every hour, along with all
the water patient can tolerate.
• Rice, grain, bananas, potatoes are OK to eat
• Avoid fats, dairy, caffeine.
• If patient is a youth, do not give aspirin.
37. Assessing Serious
Abdominal Pain
• Pain persists for more than 12 hours, especially if
the pain is constant.
• Pain localizes. Check especially for guarding,
tenderness, abdominal rigidity, and/or distention.
• Pain increases with movement, jarring, or a foot
strike when walking.
• Blood appears in the vomit, feces, or urine.
• In vomit, blood may look like coffee grounds; in
stool, it may look like tar; and in urine, it appears
red.
38. Assessing Serious
Abdominal Pain
• Nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea persist more
than 24 hours.
• Fever rises above 102°F, which may present as
shivers.
• Pain associated with symptoms of pregnancy or
vaginal bleeding.
• Pain associated with symptoms of shock.
39. Personal and Camp
Hygiene
• Use soap and water / hand sanitizer prior to food
preparation.
• Do not share spoons, cups, lip balm.
• Don’t use personal spoon to take food from pot.
• Do not reach into communal food with hand.
• Disinfect all drinking water by boiling or chemically
disinfecting.
40. Evacuation Guidelines
• Evacuate slowly any patient with persistent
abdominal discomfort.
• Evacuate rapidly any patient with symptoms of a
serious abdominal problem.
41. Diabetic Emergencies
(1 of 2)
• Insulin is a hormone produced by the
pancreas that assists the body in using
energy from food.
• Diabetes develops when insulin is either
ineffective or lacking.
43. Types of Diabetes
(1 of 2)
• Type 1 diabetes
– Commonly diagnosed in childhood
– Requires external insulin
• Type 2 diabetes
– Excess body weight and sedentary lifestyle
are risk factors.
44. Types of Diabetes
(2 of 2)
• Gestational diabetes
– Occurs in some pregnancies
– Usually ends after the baby is born
– Usually treated with diet
45. Low Blood Glucose Level
(Hypoglycemia)
• Too much insulin
• Too little or delayed food intake
• Exercise
• Alcohol
• Any combination of these factors
46. Low Blood Glucose (Responsive
Person): What to Look For
• Alert, can swallow
• Sudden onset of
symptoms
• Staggering, poor
coordination,
clumsiness
• Anger, bad temper
• Cold, pale, moist,
or clammy skin
• Confusion,
disorientation
• Sudden hunger
• Excessive
sweating, trembling
47. Low Blood Glucose (Responsive
Person): What to Do
(1 of 3)
• Allow person to check blood glucose.
• Use the Rule of 15 if:
– Testing is not possible.
– Testing shows low blood glucose level.
– Person has profuse sweating or shaking.
49. Low Blood Glucose (Responsive
Person): What to Do
(3 of 3)
• Some people who are prone to severe low
hypoglycemia may have a prescription for
a glucagon kit.
– Glucagon raises blood glucose.
50. Low Blood Glucose (Unresponsive
Person): What to Look For
• Inability to follow simple instructions
• Seizure occurrence
• Inability to swallow
51. Low Blood Glucose (Unresponsive
Person): What to Do
• Monitor breathing.
• Look for a medical identification tag.
• Do not give food or drink.
• Place the person on his or her side.
• If person does not improve, evacuate.
52. High Blood Glucose Level
(Hyperglycemia)
• Occurs when a diabetic has too much
glucose in the blood, caused by:
– insufficient insulin;
– overeating;
– illness;
– inactivity;
– stress; or
– combination of these factors.
53. High Blood Glucose Level:
What to Look For
• Medical
identification tag
• Gradual onset
• Drowsiness
• Extreme thirst
• Very frequent
urination
• Warm, red, dry skin
• Vomiting
• Fruity breath odor
• Heavy breathing
• Eventual
unconsciousness
54. High Blood Glucose: What to Do
• Give frequent, small sips of water.
• If uncertain whether blood glucose level is
high or low and able to swallow:
– Use Rule of 15 to give sugar.
• Do not give insulin unless the person can
self-administer it.
• Evacuate immediately.