The document discusses key concepts in fluid dynamics including:
1) Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in fluid velocity results in a decrease in pressure.
2) Pascal's law describes how pressure is transmitted equally in all directions throughout a confined fluid.
3) Continuity equations states that the flow rate of a fluid remains constant regardless of changes to its velocity or pressure.
4) Venturi tubes use the Bernoulli effect to create areas of lower pressure by increasing fluid velocity through constrictions.
Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure. Bernoulli discovered that the static pressure plus the dynamic pressure is equal to the total pressure throughout a fluid flow. Applications of Bernoulli's principle include explaining how blood vessels and airplanes are able to fly through the air due to variations in fluid pressure caused by changes in flow speed.
This document provides an overview of topics related to simple stresses and strains, including:
- Types of stresses and strains such as tensile, compressive, direct stress, and direct strain.
- Hooke's law and how stress is proportional to strain below the material's yield point.
- Stress-strain diagrams and key points such as the elastic region, yield point, and fracture point.
- Definitions of terms like working stress, factor of safety, Poisson's ratio, and elastic moduli.
- Examples of problems calculating stresses, strains, extensions, and deformations of simple structural members under various loads.
1. Bernoulli's principle states that within a horizontal flow of fluid, the highest fluid pressure occurs where the flow speed is lowest, and lowest pressure where flow speed is highest.
2. Bernoulli's principle explains how the difference in pressure above and below a wing produces an upward force, allowing for flight. It is also applied to explain how air flows over mountains.
3. Bernoulli's equation expresses the conservation of energy for flowing fluids, relating pressure, flow velocity, and elevation. It states that the total mechanical energy per unit volume remains constant within a streamline.
This document discusses several key properties of fluids: viscosity, surface tension, and capillary action. Viscosity is a fluid's resistance to flow and depends on internal friction. Surface tension is a contractive tendency that allows fluids to resist external forces. Capillary action describes a fluid's ability to flow in narrow spaces without external assistance and against gravity, such as liquid rising in a thin tube. The document provides examples of applications for each property, like lubrication using viscosity and water striders walking on water using surface tension. Formulas for calculating these properties are also presented.
Bernoulli's Principle and its applicationsTanumoy Dey
Daniel Bernoulli discovered Bernoulli's principle in the 18th century while studying water flow through containers. Bernoulli's principle states that as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases. Some applications of Bernoulli's principle include venturi tubes, perfume sprayers, pitot tubes, the curved path of spinning balls, and the lift force created by airplane wings. The presentation provided examples of how Bernoulli's principle explains these phenomena in fluids and discussed its importance.
1) The document discusses fluid mechanics concepts related to pressure and fluid statics. It covers topics like pressure measurement devices, hydrostatic forces on submerged surfaces, buoyancy, stability of floating and immersed bodies, and fluids in rigid-body motion.
2) Key concepts covered include how pressure varies with depth in fluids, Pascal's law, Archimedes' principle of buoyancy, stability criteria for floating and immersed objects, and how pressure varies in fluids undergoing linear or rotational acceleration.
3) Various pressure measurement devices are described, including manometers, bourdon tubes, and deadweight testers. Equations are provided for calculating hydrostatic forces on plane and curved surfaces.
The document discusses key concepts in fluid dynamics including:
1) Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in fluid velocity results in a decrease in pressure.
2) Pascal's law describes how pressure is transmitted equally in all directions throughout a confined fluid.
3) Continuity equations states that the flow rate of a fluid remains constant regardless of changes to its velocity or pressure.
4) Venturi tubes use the Bernoulli effect to create areas of lower pressure by increasing fluid velocity through constrictions.
Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure. Bernoulli discovered that the static pressure plus the dynamic pressure is equal to the total pressure throughout a fluid flow. Applications of Bernoulli's principle include explaining how blood vessels and airplanes are able to fly through the air due to variations in fluid pressure caused by changes in flow speed.
This document provides an overview of topics related to simple stresses and strains, including:
- Types of stresses and strains such as tensile, compressive, direct stress, and direct strain.
- Hooke's law and how stress is proportional to strain below the material's yield point.
- Stress-strain diagrams and key points such as the elastic region, yield point, and fracture point.
- Definitions of terms like working stress, factor of safety, Poisson's ratio, and elastic moduli.
- Examples of problems calculating stresses, strains, extensions, and deformations of simple structural members under various loads.
1. Bernoulli's principle states that within a horizontal flow of fluid, the highest fluid pressure occurs where the flow speed is lowest, and lowest pressure where flow speed is highest.
2. Bernoulli's principle explains how the difference in pressure above and below a wing produces an upward force, allowing for flight. It is also applied to explain how air flows over mountains.
3. Bernoulli's equation expresses the conservation of energy for flowing fluids, relating pressure, flow velocity, and elevation. It states that the total mechanical energy per unit volume remains constant within a streamline.
This document discusses several key properties of fluids: viscosity, surface tension, and capillary action. Viscosity is a fluid's resistance to flow and depends on internal friction. Surface tension is a contractive tendency that allows fluids to resist external forces. Capillary action describes a fluid's ability to flow in narrow spaces without external assistance and against gravity, such as liquid rising in a thin tube. The document provides examples of applications for each property, like lubrication using viscosity and water striders walking on water using surface tension. Formulas for calculating these properties are also presented.
Bernoulli's Principle and its applicationsTanumoy Dey
Daniel Bernoulli discovered Bernoulli's principle in the 18th century while studying water flow through containers. Bernoulli's principle states that as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases. Some applications of Bernoulli's principle include venturi tubes, perfume sprayers, pitot tubes, the curved path of spinning balls, and the lift force created by airplane wings. The presentation provided examples of how Bernoulli's principle explains these phenomena in fluids and discussed its importance.
1) The document discusses fluid mechanics concepts related to pressure and fluid statics. It covers topics like pressure measurement devices, hydrostatic forces on submerged surfaces, buoyancy, stability of floating and immersed bodies, and fluids in rigid-body motion.
2) Key concepts covered include how pressure varies with depth in fluids, Pascal's law, Archimedes' principle of buoyancy, stability criteria for floating and immersed objects, and how pressure varies in fluids undergoing linear or rotational acceleration.
3) Various pressure measurement devices are described, including manometers, bourdon tubes, and deadweight testers. Equations are provided for calculating hydrostatic forces on plane and curved surfaces.
This document discusses Bernoulli's principle and equation in fluid mechanics. It provides definitions and explanations of key terms like Bernoulli's principle, conservation of energy principle, and various forms of Bernoulli's equation. It also includes proofs of Bernoulli's theorem derived from conservation of energy and Newton's second law. Finally, it discusses the continuity equation and theorem in fluid mechanics.
The document summarizes key properties of fluids. It discusses specific gravity, viscosity, surface tension, capillarity, and compressibility. Specific gravity is the ratio of a fluid's density to water's density. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, while surface tension is the tendency of liquid molecules to stick together. Capillarity describes how liquids behave in narrow tubes based on adhesion and cohesion. Compressibility refers to how easily a fluid's volume can be reduced by an applied pressure. Liquids are generally incompressible compared to gases.
The document provides an overview of topics related to compressible fluid flow, including:
- Continuity, impulse-momentum, and energy equations for compressible fluids under isothermal and adiabatic conditions.
- Basic thermodynamic relationships like the ideal gas law, processes like isothermal and adiabatic, and concepts like internal energy and entropy.
- Propagation of elastic waves in fluids due to compression, and how the velocity of sound depends on factors like pressure, temperature, and fluid properties.
- Additional topics covered include stagnation properties, flow through converging-diverging passages, shock waves, and external aerodynamic flows.
Chapter 3 static forces on surfaces [compatibility mode]imshahbaz
1) The document discusses forces on submerged surfaces due to static fluids, including calculating hydrostatic pressures and determining the resultant force and center of pressure.
2) It provides methods for calculating the resultant force on plane and curved surfaces, including using pressure diagrams which graphically represent pressure changes with depth.
3) Examples are given for determining pressures, resultant forces, and centers of pressure on surfaces like vertical walls and combinations of liquids in tanks.
The bulk modulus measures a substance's resistance to uniform compression and is defined as the pressure increase needed to cause a given relative decrease in volume. It has a base unit of Pascal. For example, reducing an iron cannon ball's volume by 0.5% requires increasing the pressure by 0.8 GPa if the bulk modulus is 160 GPa. The bulk modulus is larger for solids than liquids and largest for gases, making solids the least compressible and gases the most compressible.
This document discusses key concepts in fluid mechanics, including:
1) Fluid statics, hydrostatic equilibrium, Archimedes' principle, and buoyancy.
2) Fluid dynamics principles like conservation of mass expressed by the continuity equation, and conservation of energy expressed by Bernoulli's equation.
3) Applications of fluid dynamics concepts like calculating flow rates and velocities using the continuity equation, and calculating velocities using Bernoulli's equation.
FMM- UNIT I FLUID PROPERTIES AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICSKarthik R
Units and dimensions- Properties of fluids- mass density, specific weight, specific volume,
specific gravity, viscosity, compressibility, vapor pressure, surface tension and capillarity. Flow
characteristics – concept of control volume - application of continuity equation, energy
equation and momentum equation.
Bernoulli's principle states that as the speed of a fluid increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases. This principle explains how birds and airplanes can fly - the air moves faster over the top of the wing compared to the bottom, creating lower pressure above and higher pressure below, resulting in an upward lift force. It also describes how spoilers on racecars work to provide better traction by creating downward force. Bernoulli's principle is applied in many everyday examples like wind over roofs, curveballs, golf ball dimples, shower curtains, and atomizers.
1. The document discusses ideal fluids and their properties, including being incompressible and nonviscous.
2. It introduces concepts like laminar and turbulent flow, and uses Bernoulli's principle and the continuity equation to relate fluid properties like pressure, velocity, and flow rate.
3. Examples are given to demonstrate how Bernoulli's principle can be used to understand phenomena like decreases in pressure associated with increases in flow speed.
The document provides an overview of hydrostatics. It defines key properties of liquids like viscosity, bulk modulus, and density. It describes how pressure increases with depth in liquids and defines concepts like gauge pressure, absolute pressure, and pressure head. Archimedes' principle states that the upward force on a submerged object equals the weight of the fluid displaced. Worked examples demonstrate calculating pressure, force, and volume displaced for various hydrostatic situations.
Daniel Bernoulli discovered Bernoulli's principle in the 1700s through experiments observing water flow. Bernoulli's principle states that as the speed of a fluid increases, the pressure decreases. It explains that the pressure is lowest where the flow speed is highest. Some applications of this principle are how aircraft wings generate lift through differences in air pressure above and below the wing, and how ventilation works through higher pressure pushing lower pressure areas.
The document discusses stress and strain under axial loading. It covers topics such as normal strain, stress-strain diagrams, Hooke's law, elastic and plastic behavior, fatigue, deformations under axial loading, static indeterminacy, thermal stresses, Poisson's ratio, generalized Hooke's law, shear strain, relations among elastic properties, composite materials, stress concentrations, and examples.
Diploma sem 2 applied science physics-unit 2-chap-3 viscosityRai University
This document discusses viscosity and fluid flow. It defines viscosity as a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, and explains that liquids with higher viscosity, like honey, resist flowing more than low-viscosity liquids like water. It also describes laminar versus turbulent flow, and introduces Reynolds number as a measure of whether flow will be laminar or turbulent based on viscosity, density, velocity, and pipe diameter. Formulas are given for viscosity, drag force, and terminal velocity of objects in fluids. Factors that influence viscosity like temperature, concentration, particle size, and attractive forces are also summarized.
The document discusses Bernoulli's principle and its applications. It explains that Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure. It provides examples of how Bernoulli's principle is applied in aviation to generate lift on airplane wings, and in venturi tubes where the constricted throat causes speed and pressure changes. It also discusses how Bernoulli's principle was applied in the design of traditional sloped rooftops to allow roofs to blow off safely during storms due to pressure differences.
This document discusses Bernoulli's principle and equation in fluid mechanics. It provides definitions and explanations of key terms like Bernoulli's principle, conservation of energy principle, and various forms of Bernoulli's equation. It also includes proofs of Bernoulli's theorem derived from conservation of energy and Newton's second law. Finally, it discusses the continuity equation and theorem in fluid mechanics.
The document summarizes key properties of fluids. It discusses specific gravity, viscosity, surface tension, capillarity, and compressibility. Specific gravity is the ratio of a fluid's density to water's density. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, while surface tension is the tendency of liquid molecules to stick together. Capillarity describes how liquids behave in narrow tubes based on adhesion and cohesion. Compressibility refers to how easily a fluid's volume can be reduced by an applied pressure. Liquids are generally incompressible compared to gases.
The document provides an overview of topics related to compressible fluid flow, including:
- Continuity, impulse-momentum, and energy equations for compressible fluids under isothermal and adiabatic conditions.
- Basic thermodynamic relationships like the ideal gas law, processes like isothermal and adiabatic, and concepts like internal energy and entropy.
- Propagation of elastic waves in fluids due to compression, and how the velocity of sound depends on factors like pressure, temperature, and fluid properties.
- Additional topics covered include stagnation properties, flow through converging-diverging passages, shock waves, and external aerodynamic flows.
Chapter 3 static forces on surfaces [compatibility mode]imshahbaz
1) The document discusses forces on submerged surfaces due to static fluids, including calculating hydrostatic pressures and determining the resultant force and center of pressure.
2) It provides methods for calculating the resultant force on plane and curved surfaces, including using pressure diagrams which graphically represent pressure changes with depth.
3) Examples are given for determining pressures, resultant forces, and centers of pressure on surfaces like vertical walls and combinations of liquids in tanks.
The bulk modulus measures a substance's resistance to uniform compression and is defined as the pressure increase needed to cause a given relative decrease in volume. It has a base unit of Pascal. For example, reducing an iron cannon ball's volume by 0.5% requires increasing the pressure by 0.8 GPa if the bulk modulus is 160 GPa. The bulk modulus is larger for solids than liquids and largest for gases, making solids the least compressible and gases the most compressible.
This document discusses key concepts in fluid mechanics, including:
1) Fluid statics, hydrostatic equilibrium, Archimedes' principle, and buoyancy.
2) Fluid dynamics principles like conservation of mass expressed by the continuity equation, and conservation of energy expressed by Bernoulli's equation.
3) Applications of fluid dynamics concepts like calculating flow rates and velocities using the continuity equation, and calculating velocities using Bernoulli's equation.
FMM- UNIT I FLUID PROPERTIES AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICSKarthik R
Units and dimensions- Properties of fluids- mass density, specific weight, specific volume,
specific gravity, viscosity, compressibility, vapor pressure, surface tension and capillarity. Flow
characteristics – concept of control volume - application of continuity equation, energy
equation and momentum equation.
Bernoulli's principle states that as the speed of a fluid increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases. This principle explains how birds and airplanes can fly - the air moves faster over the top of the wing compared to the bottom, creating lower pressure above and higher pressure below, resulting in an upward lift force. It also describes how spoilers on racecars work to provide better traction by creating downward force. Bernoulli's principle is applied in many everyday examples like wind over roofs, curveballs, golf ball dimples, shower curtains, and atomizers.
1. The document discusses ideal fluids and their properties, including being incompressible and nonviscous.
2. It introduces concepts like laminar and turbulent flow, and uses Bernoulli's principle and the continuity equation to relate fluid properties like pressure, velocity, and flow rate.
3. Examples are given to demonstrate how Bernoulli's principle can be used to understand phenomena like decreases in pressure associated with increases in flow speed.
The document provides an overview of hydrostatics. It defines key properties of liquids like viscosity, bulk modulus, and density. It describes how pressure increases with depth in liquids and defines concepts like gauge pressure, absolute pressure, and pressure head. Archimedes' principle states that the upward force on a submerged object equals the weight of the fluid displaced. Worked examples demonstrate calculating pressure, force, and volume displaced for various hydrostatic situations.
Daniel Bernoulli discovered Bernoulli's principle in the 1700s through experiments observing water flow. Bernoulli's principle states that as the speed of a fluid increases, the pressure decreases. It explains that the pressure is lowest where the flow speed is highest. Some applications of this principle are how aircraft wings generate lift through differences in air pressure above and below the wing, and how ventilation works through higher pressure pushing lower pressure areas.
The document discusses stress and strain under axial loading. It covers topics such as normal strain, stress-strain diagrams, Hooke's law, elastic and plastic behavior, fatigue, deformations under axial loading, static indeterminacy, thermal stresses, Poisson's ratio, generalized Hooke's law, shear strain, relations among elastic properties, composite materials, stress concentrations, and examples.
Diploma sem 2 applied science physics-unit 2-chap-3 viscosityRai University
This document discusses viscosity and fluid flow. It defines viscosity as a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, and explains that liquids with higher viscosity, like honey, resist flowing more than low-viscosity liquids like water. It also describes laminar versus turbulent flow, and introduces Reynolds number as a measure of whether flow will be laminar or turbulent based on viscosity, density, velocity, and pipe diameter. Formulas are given for viscosity, drag force, and terminal velocity of objects in fluids. Factors that influence viscosity like temperature, concentration, particle size, and attractive forces are also summarized.
The document discusses Bernoulli's principle and its applications. It explains that Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure. It provides examples of how Bernoulli's principle is applied in aviation to generate lift on airplane wings, and in venturi tubes where the constricted throat causes speed and pressure changes. It also discusses how Bernoulli's principle was applied in the design of traditional sloped rooftops to allow roofs to blow off safely during storms due to pressure differences.
أعزائنا طلبة الصف العاشر
إليكم عرض بوربوينت عن الوحدة الثالثة المتعلقة بالموائع الساكنة والموائع المتحركة حيث تم توضيح بعض المفاهيم والعلاقات الرياضية المتعلقة بالدروس، كما تم التطرّق لمبدأ باسكال وفنتوري وبرنولي، إضافة إلى تفسير بعض التطبيقات العملية المتعلقة.
هذا العمل من اعداد واشراف المعلمة سميرة يوسف
أعزائنا طلبة الصف العاشر، إليكم عرض بوربوينت عن الوحدة الثالثة المتعلقة بالموائع الساكنة والموائع المتحركة حيث تم توضيح بعض المفاهيم والعلاقات الرياضية المتعلقة بالدروس، كما تم التطرّق لمبدأ باسكال وفنتوري وبرنولي، إضافة إلى تفسير بعض التطبيقات العملية المتعلقة.
هذا العمل من:
اعداد الأستاذة سميرة يوسف،
رفع وتنفيذ الأستاذ محمد أبو عفش
The document contains 20 identical lines listing the URL https://www.facebook.com/palestine.physics, suggesting it is promoting or directing attention to a Facebook page related to physics in Palestine.
Bernoulli's equation states that the total mechanical energy of an incompressible and inviscid fluid is constant. It has applications in sizing pumps, flow sensors, ejectors, carburetors, siphons, and pitot tubes. In pumps, the volute converts kinetic energy to pressure energy. Ejectors use pressure energy to create velocity energy to entrain suction fluid and then convert it back to pressure. Pitot tubes use pressure differences to measure flow velocity. Carburetors use Bernoulli's principle to draw in fuel, where faster air has lower pressure. Siphons use the principle to move liquid over an obstruction without pumping.
1. : 9- تطبيقات مبدأ برنولي
أول : مقياس فينتوري :
هو جهاز يستخدم لقياس سرعة التدفق لسائل ما
∆ف خلل أنبوب . كما في الشكل المجاور . ومنه نجد أن :
٢ ∆ض
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ع٢ ٢ ع١= س
٢ ٢
ث ) س س– س ٢ (
١ ٢
١ س ثانيا : قوة الرفع في الطائرة :
تكون أجنحة الطائرة مقوسة من العلى أكثر من
السفل لكي تكون سرعة الهواء في العلى أكبر منها في السفل ومن مبدأ برنولي نجد أن الضغط في
العلى أقل من الضغط من أسفل على الجناح ومنه تتولد القوة المؤثرة على الجناح من أسفل أكبر من
العلى فترتفع الطائره :
قالرفع =½ س ث ) ع ٢٢ – ع ١٢ (
حيث أن :
س : مساحة جناحي الطائرة .
ع ٢ : سرعة الهواء فوق الجناح .
ث : كثافة االهواء .
ع ١ : سرعة الهواء تحت الجناح .
ثالثا : المرذاذ :
من الشكل نجد أن : ) ٢- ب ٤ ( صـ ٥٣ـــ :
هو عبارة عن أنبوب يمر به هواء متصل هذا البوب بأنبوب آخر متصل بعلبة فيها سائل وموضوع عند
ارتباط النبوبين ببعضهما اختناق وذلك من أجل أن تتغير سرعة الهواء المندفع خلل النبوب ومن مبدأ
برنولي ينخفض الضغط عند الختناق مما يؤدي إلى ارتفاع السائل في النبوب .
رابعا :لمازج في السيارة ) الكاربوريتو ( :
يعمل بنفس الطريقة التي يعمل بها المرذاذ .
تمارين
٨ صــــ ٣٤ــــــ :
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