The document discusses how cancer treatments can damage bone marrow and prevent blood cell production, how osteoporosis weakens bones by inhibiting calcium's role in bone growth, and how epiphyseal plate fractures are more common in children and young adults as the plates at the ends of long bones are still hardening during growth. Proper nutrition is also highlighted as important for maintaining strong bones in adults.

1. “I've come to realize that life is not a
musical comedy, it's a Greek tragedy.”
-Billy Joel

2.  Long Bones- Easily  Flat Bones- Generally
identified by their broad and thin with a
extended longitudinal flattened and often
axes and expanded and curved surface.
often uniquely shaped Examples: Skull, the
articular ends. Examples: Shoulder Blades, Ribs,
Femur of the Thigh and and the Breastbone.
Humerus of the Arm.  Irregular Bones- Often
 Short Bones- Are often clustered in groups
described as cube- or box-
and come in various
shaped structures, which
sizes and shapes.
Examples: the
are about as broad as they
Vertebral Bones.
are long. Examples: Wrist
(carpals) and Ankle
(tarsal) bones.

3.  Diaphysis- main  Periosteum- dense, white
fibrous membrane that
shaftlike portion covers bone except at
joint surfaces where
 Epiphyses-both ends articular cartilage forms
of the long bone the covering.
 Medullary (or marrow)- a
 Articular Cartilage- tubelike hollow space in
the diaphysis of a long
thin layer of hyaline bone.
cartilage that covers  Endosteum- A thin
articular or joint epithelial membrane
that lines the medullary
surfaces of cavity of long bones.
epiphyses.

4.  This beautiful song  Themajor
The Haversian components of the
System is a song song are:
that touches your -Collagen; is a
heart and moves part of forming the
throughout your bones
bones giving you -Calcium; is
fresh air (oxygen) what multiplies the
and gives you the bone cells
strength (nutrients)
to sooth your body -Phosphate; it
 (2©)
keeps our blood
good (3©)

5. 1. mechanical support of soft tissues
2. levers for muscle action
3. protection of the central nervous system
4. release of calcium and other ions for the maintenance of a constant ionic
environment in the extracellular fluid
5. housing and support of hemopoiesis
Compare and contrast the development of intramembranous and
endochondral bone.
· Endochondral ossification is the gradual replacement of cartilage by bone
during development. This process is responsible for formation of most of the
skeleton of vertebrate animals. In this process, actively dividing bone-forming
cells (osteoblasts) arise in regions of cartilage called ossification centers. The
osteoblasts then develop into osteocytes, which are mature bone cells
embedded in the calcified (hardened) part of the bone known as the matrix.
· Intramembranous ossification is the transformation of the mesenchyme, cells
of an embryo into bone. During early development of vertebrate animals, the
embryo consists of three primary cell layers: ectoderm on the outside,
mesoderm in the middle, and endoderm on the inside. Mesenchyme cells
constitute part of the embryo's mesoderm and develop into connective tissue
such as bone and blood. The bones of the skull derive directly from
mesenchyme cells by intramembranous ossification

6.  Fracturehealing is considered the prototype
of bone repair. The complex bone
tissuerepair process that follows a fracture is
apparently initiated by bone death or by
damage to persiosteal and haversian system
blood vessel.

8. Classifications of Joints- Joints can be classified as
three major categories using structural or a
functional scheme. If a “structural classification” is
employed, joints are named according to the type of
connective tissue that joins the bones together. For
example: The fibrous or cartilaginous joints. OR the
synovial joints. If a “functional classification” scheme
is used, joints are divided into three classes
according to the degree of movement they permit.
For Example: Synarthroses (immovable, Like when you
do the robot and have to keep your joints stiff as if
they are immovable) , or amphiarthroses (slightly
movable, Like when you do the wave through your
body and limbs) and Diarthroses (freely, Like when
you do the Bernie Lean)

9. Functional Structural Degree of Example:
Name: Name: Movement
Permitted:
Synarthroses Fibrous Immovable Sutures of Skull
Amphiarthroses Cartilaginous Slightly Movable Symphysis
Diarthroses Synovial Freely Movable Shoulder Joint

10. Synovial Joints- Synovial Joints are freely movable joints. they are also
most anatomically most complex Joints. A Majority of the joints are
between the appendicular skeleton are synovial joints. There are 4 Major
Joints in the synovial Joint. ( Humeroscapular, Hip, Kee, and Vertebral).
The types of movement possible at synovial joints depend on the shapes
of articulating surfaces of the bones and the position of the joints’
ligaments and nearby muscles and tendons. All synovial Joints, however
permit one or more of the following types of movements.

11.  The range of motion is often one of the first
assessment techniques employed by health care
provider to determine the degree of damage in an
injured joint.
Angular Movements change the size of the angle
between articulating bones. flexion, extension,
abduction, and adduction are some of the different
types of angular movements.
Circular Movements result in the arclike rotation of a
structure around axis
Gliding Movements are the simplest of all
movements. The articular surface of one bone moves
over the articular surface of another without any
angular or circular movement.

12. “Treatment for certain kinds of cancer have a side affect that
causes bone marrow to be broken and if this happens, blood cells
won’t be able to be made.” -Caller 1
“When Osteoporosis occurs, it stops calcium from doing it’s job to
help bone growth”
-Caller 1
“The Epiphyseal Plate fracture is most common in young adults and
children cause they are located at the ends of a long bone and
harden while the young person grows through their life, so they
fracture cause they don’t harden right away”
-Caller (4©)
“The skeletal framework affect adults because bones grow and if
adults don’t take in the nutrients that they need, then they can
have weak bones and could cause fractures more easily.”
-Caller 3