Slides from 2-13-24

1. Film processing

2. Preparation
Look up developer time.
digitaltruth.com
Massive Development chart
Also check out the phone app.

3. Equipment needed

4. The dry room

10. Ready the dry room
1. Knock before entering.
2. Lock the door.
3. Turn on the light
4. Make sure it’s dry.
5. Lay out equipment.

11. Turn off light before starting.
Return to your film processing room to finish.
Remove film, cut leader Load film on reel Cut off spool, put in tank.

12. Preparing the chemicals
Stock solution
• Concentrated
• More dangerous
• Stays fresher
• Must be diluted for use
At CCSF:
• Developer must be mixed
from stock before use.
Working solution
• Already diluted
• Less dangerous
• Expires sooner
• Ready to use
At CCSF:
• All other chemicals are
mixed and ready (except
water)

16. Prepare the developer from stock
• Prepare 68º F water.

17. Prepare the developer from stock
• Prepare 68º F water.
• Measure the stock solution.

18. Prepare the developer from stock
• Prepare 68º F water.
• Measure the stock solution.

19. Prepare the developer from stock
• Prepare 68º F water.
• Measure the stock solution.
• Use warm or cool water to
adjust stock to 68º F.

20. Prepare the developer from stock
• Prepare 68º F water.
• Measure the stock solution.
• Use warm or cool water to
adjust stock to 68º F.
• Top off with 68º F water

21. Prepare the developer from stock
• Prepare 68º F water.
• Measure the stock solution.
• Use warm or cool water to
adjust stock to 68º F.
• Top off with 68º F water

22. Prepare the developer from stock
• Prepare 68º F water.
• Measure the stock solution.
• Use warm or cool water to
adjust stock to 68º F.
• Top off with 68º F water
• Save the extra water.

23. Prepare the developer from stock
• Prepare 68º F water.
• Measure the stock solution.
• Use warm or cool water to
adjust stock to 68º F.
• Top off with 68º F water
• Save the extra water.
• All other chemicals are pre-
mixed and ready to use.

24. Chemical steps
Presoak Developer Stop Fixer Pre-wash Wash aid Final wash Photo-flo

25. Chemical steps
First steps inside processing room Last steps at wash sink.
Presoak Developer Stop Fixer Pre-wash Wash aid Final wash Photo-flo

26. Preparation summary
• Lookup developer time
• Get equipment (bring lab card)
• Load tank in dry room.
• Prepare chemicals needed in room.
• Start processing film.

27. Parts of the film

28. Parts of the film
• Scratch resistant
coating

29. Parts of the film
• Scratch resistant
coating
• Light sensitive
emulsion

30. Parts of the film
• Scratch resistant
coating
• Light sensitive
emulsion
• Film base

31. Parts of the film
• Scratch resistant
coating
• Light sensitive
emulsion
• Film base
• Anti halation layer

34. Parts of the film
• Scratch resistant
coating
• Light sensitive
emulsion
• Film base
• Anti halation layer

35. Exposed Film

36. Exposed Film
• “latent image.”

37. Exposed Film
• “latent image.”
• Highlights contain
areas of more
exposure.

38. Exposed Film
• “latent image.”
• Highlights contain
areas of more
exposure.
• Shadows have less
exposure.

39. Chemical steps
Presoak Developer Stop Fixer Pre-wash Wash aid Final wash Photo-flo

40. Chemical steps
Presoak Developer Stop Fixer Pre-wash Wash aid Final wash Photo-flo
Water
60
seconds

41. Agitation: same for all steps
Fill tank and
cap quickly.
Turn over, rotate. Tap to release bubbles.

42. Exposed Film

43. Presoaked Film
Optional: Some manufactures discourage this step.

44. Presoaked Film
• Anti scratch coating is
softened
Optional: Some manufactures discourage this step.

45. Presoaked Film
• Anti scratch coating is
softened
• Anti-halation layer washes
away.
Optional: Some manufactures discourage this step.

46. Presoaked Film
• Anti scratch coating is
softened
• Anti-halation layer washes
away.
• Emulsion is softened
Optional: Some manufactures discourage this step.

47. Presoaked Film
• Anti scratch coating is
softened
• Anti-halation layer washes
away.
• Emulsion is softened
• Bubbles eliminated

48. Presoaked Film
• Anti scratch coating is
softened
• Anti-halation layer washes
away.
• Emulsion is softened
• Bubbles eliminated
• Film now more delicate!

49. Chemical steps
Presoak Developer Stop Fixer Pre-wash Wash aid Final wash Photo-flo
Water
60
seconds
Presoak is disposed down the drain.

50. Chemical steps
Presoak Developer Stop Fixer Pre-wash Wash aid Final wash Photo-flo
Water D76
working
solution
60
seconds
Times vary
Look up developer times before you start.

51. As Film Develops

52. As Film Develops
• Latent image begins to darken

53. As Film Develops
• Latent image begins to darken
• As time continues, development
of shadows slows down.

54. As Film Develops
• Latent image begins to darken
• As time continues, development
of shadows slows down.
• Development of highlights
continues.

55. As Film Develops
• Latent image begins to darken
• As time continues, development
of shadows slows down.
• Development of highlights
continues.

56. Chemical steps
Presoak Developer Stop Fixer Pre-wash Wash aid Final wash Photo-flo
Water D76
working
solution
60
seconds
Times vary
Developer is disposed down the drain.

57. Chemical steps
Presoak Developer Stop Fixer Pre-wash Wash aid Final wash Photo-flo
Water D76
working
solution
Water or
acid stop
60
seconds
Times vary 15-30
seconds

58. Stop – 30 seconds
Stops development action

59. Chemical steps
Presoak Developer Stop Fixer Pre-wash Wash aid Final wash Photo-flo
Water D76
working
solution
Water or
acid stop
60
seconds
Times vary 15-30
seconds
Stop is disposed down the drain.
Chemical stops may be saved and reused.

60. Chemical steps
Presoak Developer Stop Fixer Pre-wash Wash aid Final wash Photo-flo
Water D76
working
solution
Water or
acid stop
Fixer,
AKA: Hypo
60
seconds
Times vary 15-30
seconds
5 minutes,
or 3x
clearing
time

61. Fix is pre-dispensed for you.

63. “Fix”
• To “Fix” film is to stop it
from changing further.

64. “Fix”
• To “Fix” film is to stop it
from changing further.
• A chemical removes the
undeveloped silver.

65. “Fix”
• To “Fix” film is to stop it
from changing further.
• A chemical removes the
undeveloped silver.
• The chemical is called Fix.

66. Chemical steps
Presoak Developer Stop Fixer Pre-wash Wash aid Final wash Photo-flo
Water D76
working
solution
Water or
acid stop
Fixer,
AKA: Hypo
60
seconds
Times vary 15-30
seconds
5 minutes,
or 3x
clearing
time
Fixer is saved and reused.

67. Chemical steps
Presoak Developer Stop Fixer Pre-wash Wash aid Final wash Photo-flo
Water D76
working
solution
Water or
acid stop
Fixer,
AKA: Hypo
60
seconds
Times vary 15-30
seconds
5 minutes,
or 3x
clearing
time
Fixer is saved and reused.
Fixer must never be put down drain!

68. Chemical steps
Presoak Developer Stop Fixer Pre-wash Wash aid Final wash Photo-flo
Water D76
working
solution
Water or
acid stop
Fixer,
AKA: Hypo
Water
60
seconds
Times vary 15-30
seconds
5 minutes,
or 3x
clearing
time
At least 1
minute

69. Pre-Wash – 30-60 seconds
Removes most of the chemicals

70. Chemical steps
Presoak Developer Stop Fixer Pre-wash Wash aid Final wash Photo-flo
Water D76
working
solution
Water or
acid stop
Fixer,
AKA: Hypo
Water
60
seconds
Times vary 15-30
seconds
5 minutes,
or 3x
clearing
time
30-60
seconds
Pre-wash is disposed down the drain.

71. Chemical steps
Presoak Developer Stop Fixer Pre-wash Wash aid Final wash Photo-flo
Water D76
working
solution
Water or
acid stop
Fixer,
AKA: Hypo
Water Hypo-clear
Or
Perma-
wash
60
seconds
Times vary 15-30
seconds
5 minutes,
or 3x
clearing
time
30-60
seconds
See
directions

73. Wash Aid
Some other names: Hypo-clear, Perma-wash
Removes more chemicals
Shortens wash times

74. Chemical steps
Presoak Developer Stop Fixer Pre-wash Wash aid Final wash Photo-flo
Water D76
working
solution
Water or
acid stop
Fixer,
AKA: Hypo
Water Hypo-clear
Or
Perma-
wash
60
seconds
Times vary 15-30
seconds
5 minutes,
or 3x
clearing
time
30-60
seconds
See
directions
Wash aid is disposed down the drain.
Some brands may be saved and reused.

75. Chemical steps
Presoak Developer Stop Fixer Pre-wash Wash aid Final wash Photo-flo
Water D76
working
solution
Water or
acid stop
Fixer,
AKA: Hypo
Water Hypo-clear
Or
Perma-
wash
Running
water
60
seconds
Times vary 15-30
seconds
5 minutes,
or 3x
clearing
time
30-60
seconds
See
directions
See wash
aid
directions
for time.

76. Final Wash
Removes the remaining chemicals

77. Final Wash
Water must be running entire time!
Removes the remaining chemicals

78. Chemical steps
Presoak Developer Stop Fixer Pre-wash Wash aid Final wash Photo-flo
Water D76
working
solution
Water or
acid stop
Fixer,
AKA: Hypo
Water Hypo-clear
Or
Perma-
wash
Running
water
60
seconds
Times vary 15-30
seconds
5 minutes,
or 3x
clearing
time
30-60
seconds
See
directions
See wash
aid
directions
for time.
Final wash is constantly running down the drain.

79. Chemical steps
Presoak Developer Stop Fixer Pre-wash Wash aid Final wash Photo-flo
Water D76
working
solution
Water or
acid stop
Fixer,
AKA: Hypo
Water Hypo-clear
Or
Perma-
wash
Running
water
60
seconds
Times vary 15-30
seconds
5 minutes,
or 3x
clearing
time
30-60
seconds
See
directions
See wash
aid
directions
for time.
Final wash is constantly running down the drain.
Share the wash, but restart the timer if new film added.

80. Chemical steps
Presoak Developer Stop Fixer Pre-wash Wash aid Final wash Photo-flo
Water D76
working
solution
Water or
acid stop
Fixer,
AKA: Hypo
Water Hypo-clear
Or
Perma-
wash
Running
water
Photo-flo
working
solution
60
seconds
Times vary 15-30
seconds
5 minutes,
or 3x
clearing
time
30-60
seconds
See
directions
See wash
aid
directions
for time.
30-60
seconds

84. Photo-flo
Prevents water spots

85. Photo-flo
Prevents water spots
No agitation

86. Photo-flo
Prevents water spots
No agitation

87. Chemical steps
Presoak
60
seconds
Developer
Times vary
Stop
30
seconds
Fixer
5 minutes
Or 3x
clearing
time
Pre-wash
30-60
seconds
Wash aid
See
directions
Final wash
See
directions
on wash
aid,
otherwise
use wash
timers
Photo-flo
30-60
seconds
Photo-flo is disposed down the drain.

88. Chemical steps
Presoak
60
seconds
Developer
Times vary
Stop
30
seconds
Fixer
5 minutes
Or 3x
clearing
time
Pre-wash
30-60
seconds
Wash aid
See
directions
Final wash
See
directions
on wash
aid,
otherwise
use wash
timers
Photo-flo
30-60
seconds
Hang film to dry.
Take care when clipping film!

89. Hang film to dry
• Turn off cabinet
• Wait until fan stops
• Leave some room
• Add a clip at the end
• Pick up soon!

90. end

91. Part 2
Controlling contrast with exposure
and development

92. Parts of the film

93. Parts of the film
• Film base

94. Parts of the film
• Light sensitive
emulsion
• Film base

95. Parts of the film
• Light sensitive
emulsion
• Film base
• Scratch resistant
coating

96. Parts of the film
• Anti halation layer
• Light sensitive
emulsion
• Film base
• Scratch resistant
coating

97. Exposed Film

98. Exposed Film
• “latent image.”

99. Presoaked Film

100. As Film Develops

101. As Film Develops

102. As Film Develops

103. As Film Develops

104. As Film Develops

105. As Film Develops

106. “Contrast”
Contrast = difference

108. “Contrast”
Contrast = difference
More contrast if more:
• Development time
• Agitation
• Temperature
• Exposure
Less contrast if less:
• Development time
• Agitation
• Temperature
• Exposure

111. Contrast influenced by development

112. Contrast influenced by development

113. Contrast influenced by development

114. Contrast influenced by development

115. Contrast influenced by development

116. Contrast influenced by development

117. Contrast influenced by development

118. Contrast influenced by development

119. Contrast influenced by development

120. Contrast
Normal development time
Longer development time

121. “Contrast”
Contrast = difference

122. “Contrast”
Contrast = difference

124. Contrast influenced by exposure and development
Underexposed
Overexposed Normal exposured

125. Contrast influenced by exposure and development
Underexposed
Overexposed Normal exposure

126. Contrast influenced by exposure and development
Underexposed
Overexposed Normal exposure

127. Contrast influenced by exposure and development
Underexposed
Overexposed Normal exposure

128. Contrast influenced by exposure and development
Underexposed
Overexposed Normal exposure

129. Contrast influenced by exposure and development
Underexposed
Overexposed Normal exposure

130. Contrast influenced by exposure and development
Underexposed
Overexposed Normal exposure

131. Contrast influenced by exposure and development
Underexposed
Overexposed Normal exposure

132. Contrast influenced by exposure and development
Underexposed
Overexposed Normal exposure

134. Underexposed
More development
Contrast influenced by exposure and development
Normal exposure
Normal development
Overexposed
Less development

135. Underexposed
More development

136. Overexposed
Less development

137. Underexposed
More development
Contrast influenced by exposure and development
Normal exposure
Normal development
Overexposed
Less development

138. General rule:
Expose for the shadows, develop for the highlights
Underexposed
Normal exposure
Overexposed

139. General rule:
Expose for the shadows, develop for the highlights
Underexposed
More development
Normal exposure
Normal development
Overexposed
Less development

140. General rule:
Expose for the shadows, develop for the highlights

141. end