1. Early Americans distrusted political parties due to factions prioritizing personal gain over public good in Britain. However, Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson differed significantly on key issues like federal power and economic policy. 2. As Hamilton and Jefferson organized supporters of their opposing views, the first American political parties emerged. Jefferson's Democratic-Republicans supported states' rights and agriculture while Hamilton's Federalists backed a strong federal government and manufacturing. 3. These divisions deepened in the election of 1796 as John Adams and Thomas Jefferson became the first presidential candidates of the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties respectively.

1. 9.3 Political Parties Emerge

2. Guiding Questions…. Why did many Americans distrust the idea of political parties? How did the views of Hamilton and Jefferson differ?

3. Guiding Questions…. Why did political parties develop? How did the election of 1796 increase political tensions?

4. Distrust of Political Parties Americans had seen how factions, or opposing groups within parties, worked in Britain. Members of factions were often more interested in personal gain than in public good.

5. Distrust of Political Parties Political parties could be a threat to national unity. They could lead to “jealousies and false alarms.”

6. Different Views of Hamilton and Jefferson

7. Issue: Manufacturing or Farming Hamilton: Thought the government should encourage manufacturing and trade. Favored cities and merchants.

8. Issue: Manufacturing or Farming Jefferson: Thought farmers were the backbone of the nation. Feared manufacturing would concentrate power in the hands of a few wealthy Americans.

10. Issue: Federal or State power Hamilton: Federal government should have greater power than state governments. A strong federal government would increase commerce and keep the peace.

11. Issue: Federal or State power Jefferson: A small federal government would protect individual freedom. A strong federal government might take over powers the Constitution gave to the states.

12. Issue: Interpretation of the U.S. Constitution Hamilton: Preferred a loose interpretation of the Constitution. Believed the Constitution gave Congress the power to make all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out its duties. The Bank of the United States was necessary.

13. Issue: Interpretation of the U.S. Constitution Jefferson: Preferred a strict interpretation. Any power not specifically given to the federal government belonged to the states. The Bank of the United States was unconstitutional , or not permitted by the Constitution.

14. Why Political Parties Developed Hamilton and Jefferson clashed in private. Jefferson and James Madison decided to organize the supporters of their views. They met with leading New York politicians.

15. Why Political Parties Developed Leaders in other states organized to support either Hamilton or Jefferson. Jefferson’s supporters called themselves Democratic Republicans. Hamilton’s supporters were called Federalists. Newspapers began to take sides.

17. Federalists Republicans vs. Were led by Alexander Hamilton Believed wealthy and well educated should lead nation Favored strong central government Emphasized manufacturing, shipping, and trade Favored loose interpretation of Constitution Were pro-British Favored national bank Favored protective tariff Were led by Thomas Jefferson Believed people should have political power Favored strong state governments Emphasized agriculture Favored strict interpretation of Constitution Were pro-French Opposed national bank Opposed protective tariff

18. Election of 1796 Republican Candidates: Thomas Jefferson for President Aaron Burr for Vice President

19. Election of 1796 Federalists Candidates: John Adams for President Thomas Pinckney for Vice President