Universal mobile telecommunication System (UMTS) is actually the third generation mobile, which uses WCDMA. The Dream was that 2G and 2.5G systems are incompatible around the world.
-Worldwide devices need to have multiple technologies inside of them, i.e. tri-band phones, dual-mode phones
To develop a single standard that would be accepted around the world.
-One device should be able to work anywhere.
Increased data rate.
- Maximum 2048Kbps
UMTS is developed by 3GPP (3 Generation Partnership Project) a joint venture of several organization
3G UMTS is a third-generation (3G): broadband, packet-based transmission of text, digitized voice, video, multimedia at data rates up to 2 Mbps
Also referred to as wideband code division multiple access(WCDMA)
Allows many more applications to be introduce to a worldwide
Also provide new services like alternative billing methods or calling plans.
The higher bandwidth also enables video conferencing or IPTV.
Once UMTS is fully available, computer and phone users can be constantly attached to the Internet wherever they travel and, as they roam, will have the same set of capabilities.
Universal mobile telecommunication System (UMTS) is actually the third generation mobile, which uses WCDMA. The Dream was that 2G and 2.5G systems are incompatible around the world.
-Worldwide devices need to have multiple technologies inside of them, i.e. tri-band phones, dual-mode phones
To develop a single standard that would be accepted around the world.
-One device should be able to work anywhere.
Increased data rate.
- Maximum 2048Kbps
UMTS is developed by 3GPP (3 Generation Partnership Project) a joint venture of several organization
3G UMTS is a third-generation (3G): broadband, packet-based transmission of text, digitized voice, video, multimedia at data rates up to 2 Mbps
Also referred to as wideband code division multiple access(WCDMA)
Allows many more applications to be introduce to a worldwide
Also provide new services like alternative billing methods or calling plans.
The higher bandwidth also enables video conferencing or IPTV.
Once UMTS is fully available, computer and phone users can be constantly attached to the Internet wherever they travel and, as they roam, will have the same set of capabilities.
Third generation (3G) mobile communication systems have already been commercially deployed in certain parts of the world to meet the initial demand for high data rate packet-based services including wireless internet access.
Third generation (3G) mobile communication systems have already been commercially deployed in certain parts of the world to meet the initial demand for high data rate packet-based services including wireless internet access.
the development of mobile communication system
the structure of CDMA2000 network
the number planning in CDMA2000 network
the techniques used by CDMA system including:
source coding, channel coding, interleaving, scrambling, spreading and modulation etc.
power control, soft handoff, RAKE receiver
F-PCH,F-PICH,F-SYNCH,F-FCH,F-SCH,R-ACH,R-PICH
Long code, short code and Walsh code
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: CDMA Techniques & Technologies
Chapter 3: CDMA Air Interface
Chapter 4: CDMA Number Planning
HCMC Software Testing Club Conference is one of the premier meeting-places for software testers in HCMC. It covered current trends in software testing industry and offered the chance to meet with software testing experts around the world, such as Mr. Paul Holland and other local software testing experts in HCMC. Tied in well with the overall themes "Stay on the cutting-edge", the conference brought to audiences the practical knowledge and best practices in software testing through many great topics around Test management, Test techniques, Automation testing, Agile testing, Mobile testing, Performance testing and Personal Excellences.
Employee Benefits Live 2015: Global reward - strategy or principlesRichard Beeby
Slides from my session at the 2015 Employee Benefits Live event in London.
How to develop a global reward strategy while retaining local flexibility
- Creating a global benefits strategy with space for differences in local application
- Striking a balance between global efficiency and local agility
- Global versus local approaches to benefits strategies
Ho Chi Minh City Software Testing Conference January 2015
Software Testing in the Agile World
Website: www.hcmc-stc.org
Author: Nhat Do, Vu Duong
Context-Driven Testing (CDT) rejects the notion of generalized “best practices” that apply to all projects, and instead accepts that different practices work best under different circumstances. The third principle of the seven defined in CDT states that people are the most important part of any project’s context. Less of a focus on processes and tools, with more emphasis on people and their collaboration empowers testers with the freedom to make choices about how best to do their job without following a restrictive plan.
In joining the game of workshop and some theory sharing in slides, you will a better understanding of Context-Driven Testing practices, principles and its benefits as well as know how is a nice Marriage of Agile and Context-Driven Testing.
IX UNIVERSAL WALK TO ST. JAMES OF COMPOSTELA
August 12th - 14th, 2014
“THE FUTURE IS WALKING”
The Universal walk is a unitary walk that results as a metaphor of hope that another world is possible.
It brings together men and women
united at heart to construct a humanity engaged
with its future in peace and solidarity.
A prosperous future for humanity is possible today.
It is between our hands.
It is our choice.
Over 3 days, youths from 5 continents will walk over 5 routes of the Universal Walk, on the theme “Choice of the Future”, to find each other together St. James of Compostela.
Todos aquellas piezas de Hardware y programas (Software) que son fundamentales para la buena articulación y la optimización de la labor con Ordenadores y Periféricos, tanto a nivel Individual, como colectivo u organizativo, sin dejar de lado el buen funcionamiento de los mismos.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
CDMA Transmitter and Receiver Implementation Using FPGAIOSR Journals
Abstract: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is a spread spectrum technique that uses neither frequency channels nor time slots. With CDMA, the narrow band message (typically digitized voice data) is multiplied by a large bandwidth signal that is a pseudo random noise code (PN code). All users in a CDMA system use the same frequency band and transmit simultaneously. The transmitted signal is recovered by correlating the received signal with the PN code used by the transmitter. The DS - CDMA is expected to be the major medium access technology in the future mobile systems owing to its potential capacity enhancement and the robustness against noise. The CDMA is uniquely featured by its spectrum-spreading randomization process employing a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence, thus is often called the spread spectrum multiple access (SSMA). As different CDMA users take different PN sequences, each CDMA receiver can discriminate and detect its own signal, by regarding the signals transmitted by other users as noise- like interferences. In this project direct sequence principle based CDMA transmitter and receiver is implemented in VHDL for FPGA. Modelsim 6.2(MXE) tool will be used for functional and logic verification at each block. The Xilinx synthesis technology (XST) of Xilinx ISE 9.2i tool will be used for synthesis of transmitter and receiver on FPGA Spartan 3E. Keywords: CDMA, DSSS, BPSK, GOLD code.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
23. What is 3G Mobile System
1. Broadband Service
2. Packet Based Transmission
3. Transmission of text, digitized voice, video at data rate
higher than 2Mbps
4. Consistent set of services to mobile computer and phone
users wherever they are located in the world.
24. UMTS Network
It consists of
UMTS UTRAN ( UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network)
WCDMA and FDD are used here
Core Network
25. Spread Spectrum System
A kind of modulation system in which the
modulated (spread spectrum) signal bandwidth
is much greater than the message signal
bandwidth.
The spectral spreading is performed by a code
that is independent of the message signal. The
same code is used at receiver to de-spread the
received signal and to recover the message
signal.
26. Advantages of Spread Spectrum System
It is Secure, difficult to intercept
A large number of codes can support a large number of
users
As a large bandwidth is used the system is less prone to
distortion
Resistant to jamming
Asynchronous multiple access technology
27. Different Spread Spectrum System
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
Frequency Hoping
Hybrid System
28.
29. Why WCDMA And Its Protocol Architecture
WCDMA is a step further in the CDMA technology. It uses a
5 MHz wide radio signal and a chip rate of 3.84 Mcps,
which is about three times higher than the chip rate of
CDMA2000 (1.22 Mcps)
Higher spectrum efficiency thanks to improved trunking
efficiency (i.e. a better statistical averaging)
Higher QoS
30. Three separate channels concepts in the UTRA: logical,
transport, and physical channels.
Logical channels define what type of data is transferred.
Transport channels define how and with which type of
characteristics the data is transferred by the physical
layer.
Physical data define the exact physical characteristics of
the radio channel