The document summarizes key aspects of the immune system and diseases, including how diseases are caused by germs and spread through vectors. It describes nonspecific defenses like skin, mucus and tears, as well as specific defenses involving antigens, antibodies, and antibiotics. The types of immunity including humoral, cell-mediated, permanent and active immunity are outlined. The document also discusses allergies, autoimmune diseases, AIDS/HIV, cancer and treatments for cancer.

1. Chapter 40 The Immune System and Disease By Tom Yao

2. Disease A disease is change that disrupts body functions other than injury All diseases are caused by germs Vectors are organisms that carry diseases A electron colored virus

3. Non-specific Defenses Skin repels germs from entering, along with hair, mucus, and tears Interferon- a protein that inhibits protein synthesis and viral reproduction Inflammatory Response-The body’s reacting to an injury A cell nucleus infected by an unidentified disease

4. Disease Specific Defenses Antigen- A maker which identifies a cell Antibody- A protein that helps destroy pathogens by clumping them Antibiotic- A chemical that targets one disease An antibody

5. Immunity Types Humoral Immunity-Immunity against disease in body fluids Cell Mediated Immunity- When Killer T-cells attack a virus in the body Permanent Immunity-B-cells and T-cells remember a virus and attack on sight Active Immunity- Receiving a vaccine A white blood cell that produces antibodies

6. Allergies Allergies- Antigens binding to mast cells Histamines- A protein which increases blood flow to an area Antihistamines- A chemical that counteracts Histamines A mast cell

7. Autoimmune Disease Autoimmune Disease- When the body attacks it’s own cells The body’s failure to distinguish between body cells and pathogens Streptococcus Bacteria

8. AIDS/HIV HIV cell attaches to Helper T-cell Viral RNA becomes viral DNA Viral DNA becomes part of body DNA Viral DNA changes into two strands of RNA Both strands go to help make new HIV cell An HIV Virus

9. Cancer Cancer- Uncontrollable division of cells Tumor- Mass of cancerous cells Malignant- A tumor that spreads Metastasis- The spread of cancerous tumors Dividing Cancer Cell

10. Fighting Cancer Surgery- Using tools to physically remove a tumor Radiation- Using radiation to kill cells in an area Drug- Chemicals that will kill the cells Brain Cancer Cells