CCNA part 4 routers
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Routers connect different networks together and allow communication between them. They use data packet transmission and come in two types: software routers and hardware routers, with Cisco being a major manufacturer of hardware routers. Routers have internal components like RAM, ROM, and flash memory and connect to networks via ports including LAN, WAN, and administrative ports. Routers also have different modes and configurations that allow users to manage and troubleshoot the device.
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CCNA part 4 routers
- 1. Internal and External of Routers
- 2. Routers:- • Router is a device which makes communication possible between two or more different networks present in different geographical locations. • It connect LAN to WAN. And it uses Data packet transmission • Two types of routers:- 1. Software Routers. 2. Hardware Routers. Manufacturers of Hardware Routers:- 1.Juniper 2.CISCO 3.Jennifer 4. D-link 5. H.P
- 3. Cisco produces three layers Routers:- (Cisco’s Hierarchical structure ) • Core Layer Routers:- e.g.7600,8000,9000,10000,12000………. • Distribution Layer Routers:- e.g.2650,3200,3400,3600,3800,6440,7200 … • Access Layer Routers:- e.g.800,1600,1700,2500,2600……..
- 4. Categories of Router:- • Routers are Categorized into 2 Categories 1. Modular 2. Non-modular • Modular :- up gradations can be done , empty slots are available e.g. 1720, Above 2600 series • Non-modular :- No up gradations can be done, fixed ports are present. E.g. 700series ..to 2500series Routers.
- 5. Internal Configuration:- POST ROM FLASH NVRAM RAM It checks the Hardware of Router Bootstrap program is located here.It is like BIOS in computer and Size is up to 1.5MB Internet work operating system developed by cisco stored here.and size 16MB It is similar to Hard disk. Permanent or Startup-config stored here.And size up to 32KB Temporary or Running-config stored here.And size is 2MB - 8MB.
- 6. Ports of Routers:- Three types of port are present:- • LAN Ports:- 1. AUI (Attachment unit interface):-15pin 2. Ethernet port • WAN Ports:- 1. Serial port;-(s0, s1..) 60-pin 2. BRI:- For ISDN RJ45 • Administrative Ports:- 1. Console port 2. Aux Port
- 7. Modes of Routers:- • User Mode:- Only some monitoring • Privileged Mode:- monitoring and some troubleshooting • Global Configuration mode:- All Configuration • Interface mode:- Configuration of that interface • Rommon Mode:- Password recovery
- 8. Initial Configuration:- • How to change Telnet password:- BANGLORE#config t BANGLORE(config)#line vty 0 4 BANGLORE(config-line)#login BANGLORE(config-line)#password ccna/ccnp/cisco BANGLORE(config-line)#exit • How to change console password:- BANGLORE#config t BANGLORE(config)#line console 0 BANGLORE(config-line)#login BANGLORE(config-line)#password ccna/ccnp/cisco BANGLORE(config-line)#exit
- 9. • How to change Aux password:- BANGLORE#config t BANGLORE(config)#line aux 0 BANGLORE(config-line)#login BANGLORE(config-line)#password ccna/ccnp/cisco BANGLORE(config-line)#exit • How to change enable password:- BANGLORE#config t BANGLORE(config)#enable password ccna/ccnp/cisco BANGLORE(config)#exit
- 10. • How to assign IP address to serial port:- BANGLORE#config t BANGLORE(config)#interface serial 0 BANGLORE(config-if)#ip add 11.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 BANGLORE(config-if)#no shutdown BANGLORE(config-if)#bandwidth 64 BANGLORE(config-if)#clockrate 64000 BANGLORE(config-if)#exit • How to assign IP address to Ethernet port:- BANGLORE#config t BANGLORE(config)#interface ethernet 0 BANGLORE(config-if)#ip add 11.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 BANGLORE(config-if)#no shutdown BANGLORE(config-if)#bandwidth 64 BANGLORE(config-if)#exit
- 11. show commands:- show commands works only on priviledge mode router#show running-config router#show startup-config router#sh flash router#sh version router#sh controllers int s0 router#sh int e0 router#sh int s0 router#sh ip route
- 12. WAN Interfaces DCE • Data communication equipment. • It generates clocking. • Master. • E.g. of DCE device in leased line setup:V.35&G.703 modems & Exchange (modems and mux) • e.g.of DCE device in Dialup setup:Dialup modem DTE • Data terminal equipment. • It accept clocking • Slave. • E.g. of DTE device in leased line setup is Router. • E.g. of DTE device in Dialup setup is computer