This document discusses using blockchain technology to improve traceability and transparency in Saudi Arabia's customs agriculture supply chain. It outlines several benefits of implementing blockchain including: 1) Creating an immutable record of product provenance and production techniques on the blockchain to verify certifications and prevent counterfeiting. 2) Allowing real-time visibility into product handling and a high-assurance audit log to ensure contractual obligations are fulfilled, providing protection for consumers and brands. 3) Enabling more efficient dispute resolution by unambiguously proving delivery details recorded on the blockchain and setting up smart contracts to automatically trigger penalties if conditions are violated.

1. BlockChain for Saudi
Customs
Partnering institution:
Sadat
Tabadla
SFDA

4. Custom Agriculture Products: Current State
• Consumers are increasingly concerned about where their products
are coming from and how they are being produced.
• Fair-trade, conflict-free, non-GMO, and organic certifications are
highly sought-after and carry the risk of being faked.
• Counterfeit products, especially in food and pharmaceuticals, could
be dangerous for consumers and disastrous for brands that are
discovered selling them

5. Customs Agriculture Future State
• Tracing product inputs and attesting production techniques on the
blockchain creates an immutable record of asset provenance.
• Organizations can author smart contracts stipulating what must be
performed by upstream participants before they take action on or
custody of a product, and the entire record can be shown to
discerning end customers to prove the veracity of product claims.
Real-time visibility into product
handling and a high-assurance
audit log to ensure contract
conditions have been fulfilled
Consumer and brand protection;
more efficient process for finding
fault points and enforcing
contractual penalties.
Increased assurance of the safety
and quality of goods
Supplier Benefit Retailer Benefit Consumer Benefit

6. packing products with
IoT-enabled sensors
that send temperature
and humidity data at
various points along the
supply chain, which are
recorded on the
blockchain. The shared
ledger can be viewed by
carriers, factories,
wholesalers, retailers,
and regulators.

7. Dispute Resolution: Current State
• supply chain disputes do occur, it’s critical to resolve them quickly and
transparently.
• When a member of the supply chain fails to deliver assets ontime and
in-full, or if the quality of assets have been compromised en route,
they will likely have to deal with fines – and look-back auditing in
order to identify fault is both error prone and costly.

8. Dispute Resolution: Future State
• Using blockchain to record asset provenance, environmental
conditions, and transfers in real-time removes ambiguity and
increases accountability. Faster and more transparent record-keeping
means that disputes can be resolved in a fraction of the time.
Furthermore, parties can use blockchain to create smart contracts in
which compliance with preset terms automatically triggers
compensation or fines. This will make dispute resolution hassles a
thing of the past.
Ability to undeniably prove on-time
and in-full delivery
Efficient dispute resolution when
conditions are not met
Lower frequency of out-of-stock
goods
Supplier Benefit Retailer Benefit Consumer Benefit

9. With an immutable blockchain audit
log, organizations can more quickly
and accurately resolve supply chain
disputes. Members of the supply
chain can set up smart contracts
with one another, agreeing on
sourcing, environmental conditions,
and delivery timeline. If any of these
conditions are violated, the smart
contracts can immediately trigger
fines, revoke payment, or pause
production before affected products
get to customers

11. 1. Current Architecture [ Workflows & EAI , Database CRUD logic,]
2. Transient Architecture [ Transitional Architecture ]
3. Target Architecture [ Block Chain Architecture ]
4. Evolutionary Architecture
1. Unstandardized Architecture [ Pharma supply
chain]  Standardized Architecture
2. Standardized Architecture  [Exchange
Standardized information]  Target Arch.
3. Target Architecture [ Central or decentralized
Blockchain].
4. Best Practises or Evolutionary Architecture.

12. Protocols for Blockchain Communication
Fixing Right Protocols for Blockchain Communication
• R3 consortium,
• R3 CEV
• Hyperledger.

13. Blockchain : Custom Goods Ledger

15. Approach For solutioning and Operationalizing Solution

17. Segmented Architecture:LOB for Pharma SCM
• Chain Of Custody of Pharmaceutical drugs supply chain can be maintained
in blockchain distributed ledger which gives Web 4.0 features to
application. We Are not yet there at emotional Web responses based on AI.
• Web 5.0 [distributed with read -write-execution concurrency can be
achieved by using blockchain distributed ledgers of things]. All pharma
medicines tolerance to weather is tied to ingredient salt.
• All medicines ledger can be classified to these sensitive salts.
• Ledger can exchange data.
• Ledger Medicine conditions <-- Sensitive Salt 1  ledger {medicine 1,2, 3 }

18. Custom BlockChain Services Portfolio Management

19. Finding Right Blockchain Payment mechanism
• Find right payment mechanism for Sadat, SFDA and Tabadala.
• Abra
• Bitpesa
• Ripple

20. Customs and IoT Blockchain
• Identity
• Reputation
• Smart Contracting
• Payments

21. Application User Interface, Business Logic
Developer tools and infrastructureTools
Infrastructure
Blockchain
Ethereum Clients, RESTful APIs
Ethereum - Public, Consortium and Private Networks
Wallet, identity, persona, reputation
Core
Components
Stack Of Blokchain Technology infrastructure

22. COCO Framework Can be used to integrate all
technology

23. Application Specific Solution Architecture